Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zegumbi elicocekileyo, njengegumbi elicocekileyo lokuvelisa iimveliso ze-elektroniki, amayeza, iimveliso zokhathalelo lwempilo, ukutya, izixhobo zonyango, oomatshini abachanekileyo, iikhemikhali ezintle, uhambo ngenqwelomoya, i-aerospace, kunye neemveliso zoshishino lwenyukliya. Ezi ntlobo zahlukeneyo zegumbi elicocekileyo ziquka isikali, iinkqubo zokuvelisa imveliso, njl. Ukongeza, umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zegumbi elicocekileyo ziinjongo ezahlukeneyo zokulawula ungcoliseko kwindawo ecocekileyo; ummeli oqhelekileyo ojolise ekulawuleni ikakhulu amasuntswana angcolisayo ligumbi elicocekileyo lokuvelisa iimveliso ze-elektroniki, elilawula ikakhulu iintsholongwane kunye namasuntswana. Ummeli oqhelekileyo wethagethi ligumbi elicocekileyo lokuvelisa amayeza. Ngophuhliso lwesayensi kunye netekhnoloji, iiworkshops zokucoca imboni ye-elektroniki yobuchwephesha obuphezulu, ezinje ngamagumbi amakhulu acocekileyo okuvelisa iitshiphusi zesekethe ezidibeneyo, akufuneki zilawule kuphela amasuntswana e-nano-scale kuphela, kodwa zikwalawula ngokungqongqo ungcoliseko lweekhemikhali/ungcoliseko lweemolekyuli emoyeni.
Inqanaba lokucoceka komoya kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zegumbi elicocekileyo linxulumene nohlobo lwemveliso kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa. Inqanaba lokucoceka langoku elifunekayo kwigumbi elicocekileyo kwishishini le-elektroniki yi-IS03~8. Amanye amagumbi acocekileyo okuvelisa iimveliso ze-elektroniki akwaxhotyiswe ngezixhobo zenkqubo yokuvelisa imveliso. Isixhobo esingqongileyo esincinci sinomgangatho wokucoceka ofikelela kwi-IS0 class 1 okanye i-ISO class 2; indawo yokusebenzela ecocekileyo yokuvelisa amayeza isekelwe kwiinguqulelo ezininzi ze-"Good Manufacturing Practice for Pharmaceuticals" yaseTshayina yamayeza angenazintsholongwane, amachiza angenazintsholongwane, Kukho imigaqo ecacileyo ngamanqanaba okucoceka kwegumbi elicocekileyo kumalungiselelo amayeza emveli aseTshayina, njl. I-"Good Manufacturing Practice for Pharmaceuticals" yaseTshayina yahlula amanqanaba okucoceka komoya abe ngamanqanaba amane: A, B, C, kunye no-D. Ngokujonga iintlobo ngeentlobo zegumbi elicocekileyo lineenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso kunye nemveliso, izikali ezahlukeneyo, kunye namanqanaba ahlukeneyo okucoceka. Itekhnoloji yobungcali, izixhobo kunye neenkqubo, itekhnoloji yemibhobho kunye nemibhobho, izixhobo zombane, njl. ezibandakanyekayo kulwakhiwo lobunjineli ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Umxholo wolwakhiwo lobunjineli kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zegumbi elicocekileyo wahlukile.
Umzekelo, umxholo wokwakhiwa kweeworkshops ezicocekileyo kushishino lwe-elektroniki wahlukile kakhulu kwimveliso yezixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye nemveliso yezinto ze-elektroniki. Umxholo wokwakhiwa kweeworkshops ezicocekileyo zenkqubo yangaphambi kwenkqubo kunye nokupakisha imveliso yesekethe edibeneyo nawo wahlukile kakhulu. Ukuba ziimveliso ze-microelectronic, umxholo wokwakhiwa kobunjineli kwigumbi elicocekileyo, ikakhulu kwimveliso ye-wafer yesekethe edibeneyo kunye nemveliso yeephaneli ze-LCD, ikakhulu ubandakanya: (ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esiphambili sefektri, njl.njl.) ukuhonjiswa kwesakhiwo segumbi elicocekileyo, ukucoca ukufakelwa kwenkqubo yomoya opholileyo, inkqubo yokukhupha umoya/yokukhupha umoya kunye nokufakwa kwezibonelelo zayo zonyango, unikezelo lwamanzi kunye nokufakelwa kwezibonelelo zokuhambisa amanzi (kubandakanya amanzi okupholisa, amanzi omlilo, amanzi acocekileyo/inkqubo yamanzi acocekileyo aphezulu, amanzi amdaka emveliso, njl.njl.), ukufakwa kwezibonelelo zegesi (kubandakanya inkqubo yegesi eninzi, inkqubo yegesi ekhethekileyo, inkqubo yomoya ocinezelweyo, njl.njl.), ukufakwa kwenkqubo yokubonelela ngeekhemikhali, ukufakwa kwezibonelelo zombane (kubandakanya iintambo zombane, izixhobo zombane, njl.njl.). Ngenxa yokwahluka kwemithombo yegesi yezibonelelo zokubonelela ngegesi, izibonelelo zamanzi zamanzi acocekileyo kunye nezinye iinkqubo, kunye nobuninzi kunye nobunzima bezixhobo ezinxulumene noko, uninzi lwazo alufakwanga kwiifektri ezicocekileyo, kodwa imibhobho yazo ixhaphakile.
Ukwakhiwa nokufakelwa kwezixhobo zokulawula ingxolo, izixhobo ezichasene nokungcangcazela okuncinci, izixhobo ezichasene nokunganyakazi, njl.njl. kumagumbi acocekileyo kuyaqaliswa. Okuqulathwe kulwakhiwo lweeworkshops ezicocekileyo zokwenza amayeza kubandakanya ikakhulu ukuhombisa izakhiwo zamagumbi acocekileyo, ukwakhiwa nokufakelwa kweenkqubo zokucoca umoya opholileyo, kunye nokufakelwa kweenkqubo zokukhupha umoya ongcolileyo. , ukufakwa kwezibonelelo zamanzi kunye nokuhambisa amanzi (kubandakanya amanzi okupholisa, amanzi omlilo, amanzi amdaka emveliso, njl.njl.), ukufakwa kweenkqubo zokubonelela ngegesi (iinkqubo zomoya ocinezelweyo, njl.njl.), ukufakwa kweenkqubo zamanzi acocekileyo kunye nokufakwa kwamanzi, ukufakwa kwezibonelelo zombane, njl.njl.
Ukususela kumxholo wokwakha kwezi ntlobo zimbini zeendawo zokusebenzela ezicocekileyo ezingasentla, kunokubonwa ukuba umxholo wokwakha nowokufakela kwiindawo zokusebenzela ezahlukeneyo ezicocekileyo ngokubanzi uyafana. Nangona amagama "afana ngokusisiseko, intsingiselo yomxholo wokwakha ngamanye amaxesha yahluka kakhulu. Umzekelo, ukwakhiwa komxholo wokuhombisa nokuhlobisa igumbi elicocekileyo, iiworkshops ezicocekileyo zokwenza iimveliso ze-microelectronic ngokubanzi zisebenzisa amagumbi acocekileyo axutyiweyo e-ISO class 5, kwaye umgangatho wegumbi elicocekileyo usebenzisa umgangatho ophakanyisiweyo onemingxunya yomoya obuyayo; Ngaphantsi komgangatho ophakanyisiweyo womgangatho wemveliso kukho i-mezzanine yobugcisa esezantsi, kwaye ngaphezulu kwesilingi esixhonyiweyo kukho i-mezzanine yobugcisa ephezulu. Ngokwesiqhelo, i-mezzanine yobuchwepheshe ephezulu isetyenziswa njenge-plenum yokuhambisa umoya, kwaye i-mezzanine yobuchwepheshe esezantsi isetyenziswa njenge-plenum yomoya obuyayo; Umoya kunye nomoya wokuhambisa umoya awuyi kungcoliswa zizinto ezingcolisayo. Nangona kungekho mfuneko yococeko kwi-mezzanine yobuchwepheshe ephezulu/esezantsi, umgangatho kunye nodonga lwe-mezzanine yobugcisa ephezulu/esezantsi kufuneka ipeyintwe njengoko kufuneka, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-mezzanine yobugcisa ephezulu/esezantsi. Umgangatho wobugcisa unokuxhotyiswa ngemibhobho yamanzi ehambelanayo, imibhobho yegesi, imibhobho yomoya eyahlukeneyo, kunye nemibhobho yamanzi eyahlukeneyo ngokweemfuno zoyilo lwemibhobho kunye neentambo (iintambo) zomsebenzi ngamnye.
Ngoko ke, iintlobo ngeentlobo zegumbi elicocekileyo zinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo okanye iinjongo zokwakha, iintlobo ngeentlobo zemveliso, okanye nokuba iintlobo zemveliso ziyafana, kukho umahluko kwiinkqubo/izixhobo zobungakanani okanye zemveliso, kwaye umxholo wokwakha wegumbi elicocekileyo wahlukile. Ke ngoko, ukwakhiwa kunye nokufakelwa kweeprojekthi ezithile zegumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuhambelana neemfuno zemizobo yoyilo lobunjineli, amaxwebhu kunye neemfuno zekhontrakthi phakathi kweqela lokwakha kunye nomnini. Kwangaxeshanye, amalungiselelo kunye neemfuno zemigangatho kunye neenkcukacha ezifanelekileyo kufuneka ziphunyezwe ngononophelo. Ngokusekelwe ekuhlalutyweni ngokuchanekileyo kwamaxwebhu oyilo lobunjineli, iinkqubo zokwakha ezifanelekileyo, izicwangciso kunye nemigangatho yomgangatho wokwakha kwiiprojekthi ezithile zobunjineli ezicocekileyo kufuneka zenziwe, kwaye iiprojekthi zegumbi elicocekileyo ezenziweyo kufuneka zigqitywe ngexesha elicwangcisiweyo nangokwakhiwa okusemgangathweni ophezulu.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-30-2023