1: Ukulungiselela ulwakhiwo
1) Ukuqinisekiswa kwemeko kwindawo
① Qinisekisa ukudilizwa, ukugcinwa kunye nophawu lwezixhobo zokuqala; xoxa ngendlela yokuphatha nokuthutha izinto ezichithwe.
② Qinisekisa izinto ezitshintshiweyo, ezichithwe, nezigcinwe kwiipayipi zomoya zokuqala kunye neepayipi ezahlukeneyo, uze uziphawule; misela icala leepayipi zomoya kunye neepayipi ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ugxininise ukusebenza kwezixhobo zenkqubo, njl.
③ Qinisekisa ukuba kukho uphahla nomgangatho wezakhiwo eziza kuhlaziywa kunye nezakhiwo ezinkulu eziza kongezwa, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba zingakanani na izixhobo eziza kuthwala, impembelelo yazo kwindalo esingqongileyo, njl.njl., ezinje ngeenqaba zokupholisa, iifriji, iitransformer, izixhobo zonyango lweziyobisi eziyingozi, njl.njl.
2) Ukuhlolwa kwemeko yeprojekthi yokuqala
① Jonga iindawo eziphambili kunye nobukhulu bendawo yeprojekthi ekhoyo, sebenzisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ukwenza imilinganiselo efunekayo, kwaye uthelekise kwaye uqinisekise ngedatha egqityiweyo.
② Qikelela umthwalo womsebenzi wezakhiwo kunye nemibhobho eyahlukeneyo ekufuneka isuswe, kuquka amanyathelo kunye nomsebenzi ofunekayo ekuthuthweni nasekulungisweni.
③ Qinisekisa umbane kunye nezinye iimeko ngexesha lenkqubo yokwakha, kunye nobubanzi bokudiliza inkqubo yamandla yokuqala, uze uziphawule.
④ Ukulungelelanisa iinkqubo zokwakha zokuhlaziya kunye namanyathelo olawulo lokhuseleko.
3) Ukulungiselela ukuqala umsebenzi
① Ngokwesiqhelo ixesha lokuhlaziya lifutshane, ngoko ke izixhobo kunye nezinto kufuneka zi-odolwe kwangaphambili ukuqinisekisa ulwakhiwo oluhamba kakuhle xa sele ulwakhiwo luqalile.
②Zoba isiseko, kuquka imigca esisiseko yeephaneli zodonga zegumbi ezicocekileyo, iisilingi, imibhobho yomoya ephambili kunye nemibhobho ebalulekileyo.
③ Chonga iindawo zokugcina izinto ezahlukeneyo kunye neendawo ezifunekayo zokucubungula izinto kwindawo leyo.
④ Lungiselela umbane wexeshana, umthombo wamanzi kunye nomthombo wegesi wokwakha.
⑤ Lungisa izixhobo zokucima umlilo ezifunekayo kunye nezinye izixhobo zokhuseleko kwindawo yokwakha, uqhube izifundo zokhuseleko kubasebenzi bokwakha, kunye nemigaqo yokhuseleko emva kokwakhiwa, njl.
⑥Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wokwakhiwa kwegumbi elicocekileyo, abasebenzi bokwakha kufuneka bafundiswe ulwazi lobuchwephesha lwegumbi elicocekileyo, iimfuno ezinxulumene nokhuseleko kunye neemfuno ezithile ngokusekelwe kwiimeko ezithile zokuhlaziywa kwegumbi elicocekileyo, baze babeke phambili iimfuno kunye nemigaqo efunekayo yempahla, ukufakwa koomatshini, izixhobo zokucoca kunye nezixhobo zokhuseleko ezingxamisekileyo.
2: Inqanaba lokwakha
1) Iprojekthi yokudiliza
2 Zama ukungasebenzisi imisebenzi "yomlilo", ingakumbi xa uqhekeza imibhobho yokuhambisa izinto ezivuthayo, eziqhumayo, ezirhabaxa, nezinobungozi kunye nemibhobho yokukhupha umoya. Ukuba kufuneka kusetyenziswe imisebenzi "yomlilo", qinisekisa emva kweyure e-1 kuphela xa kungekho ngxaki ukuba ungayivula kakuhle indawo.
② Xa kusenziwa umsebenzi wokudiliza onokubangela ukungcangcazela, ingxolo, njl.njl., kufuneka kudityaniswe amaqela afanelekileyo kwangaphambili ukuze kuchongwe ixesha lokwakha.
③ Xa iqhaqhiwe kancinci kwaye ezinye iindawo zingaqhaqhwanga okanye kusafuneka zisetyenziswe, ukuqhawulwa kwenkqubo kunye nomsebenzi wokuvavanya ofunekayo (ukuhamba, uxinzelelo, njl.njl.) ngaphambi kokuqhaqhwa kufuneka kuphathwe ngokufanelekileyo: Xa kuqhawulwa umbane, ingcali yombane esebenzayo kufuneka ibe kwindawo yokusingatha imiba efanelekileyo, imiba yokhuseleko kunye nokusebenza.
2) Ukwakhiwa kwemibhobho yomoya
① Yenza ulwakhiwo kwindawo ngokuhambelana nemigaqo efanelekileyo, kwaye uqulunqe imigaqo yokwakha nokhuseleko ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zokwenyani zendawo yokuhlaziya.
② Hlola ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ugcine imibhobho yomoya eza kufakelwa kwindawo yokufuduka, gcina ingaphakathi nangaphandle kwemibhobho icocekile, kwaye uvale zombini iziphelo ngeefilimu zeplastiki.
③ Kuza kubakho ukungcangcazela xa kufakwa iibholithi zentente eziqingqiweyo zokuphakamisa, ngoko ke kufuneka uqhagamshelane nomnini kunye nabanye abasebenzi abafanelekileyo kwangaphambili; susa ifilimu yokutywina ngaphambi kokuphakamisa umbhobho womoya, kwaye usule ngaphakathi ngaphambi kokuphakamisa. Musa ukukhathazeka malunga neendawo ezonakele lula zezixhobo zokuqala (ezifana nemibhobho yeplastiki, iileya zokufaka ubushushu, njl.njl.) aziphantsi koxinzelelo, kwaye kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okukhusela ayimfuneko.
3) Ukwakhiwa kwemibhobho kunye neentambo
① Umsebenzi wokuwelda ofunekayo kwiipayipi kunye neentambo kufuneka uxhotyiswe ngezixhobo zokucima umlilo, iibhodi ze-asbestos, njl.
② Yenza ngokungqongqo ngokwemigaqo yokwamkelwa kolwakhiwo olufanelekileyo lwemibhobho kunye neentambo. Ukuba uvavanyo lwe-hydraulic aluvumelekanga kufutshane nendawo, uvavanyo loxinzelelo lomoya lungasetyenziswa, kodwa amanyathelo okhuseleko afanelekileyo kufuneka athathwe ngokwemigaqo.
③ Xa kuqhagamshelwa kwimibhobho yokuqala, amanyathelo okhuseleko ngaphambi nangexesha loqhagamshelo kufuneka aqulunqwe kwangaphambili, ingakumbi xa kuqhagamshelwa imibhobho yegesi evuthayo neyingozi kunye nolwelo; ngexesha lokusebenza, abasebenzi bolawulo lokhuseleko abavela kumaqela afanelekileyo kufuneka babe sendaweni kwaye bayimfuneko. Lungiselela izixhobo zokulwa nomlilo rhoqo.
④ Ukwakhiwa kwemibhobho ethwala izixhobo zokusasaza ezicocekileyo kakhulu, ukongeza ekuthobeleni imigaqo efanelekileyo, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokukodwa ukucoca, ukucoca kunye novavanyo lobumsulwa xa kuqhagamshelwa kwimibhobho yokuqala.
4) Ukwakhiwa kwemibhobho yegesi ekhethekileyo
① Kwiinkqubo zemibhobho ezithutha izinto ezinobuthi, ezinokutsha, eziqhumayo, nezibolayo, ulwakhiwo olukhuselekileyo lubaluleke kakhulu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, amalungiselelo "okwakhiwa kwakhona kwemibhobho yegesi ekhethekileyo kunye nokwakhiwa kobunjineli bokwandiswa" kumgangatho wesizwe "uMgangatho woBugcisa boBugcisa beNkqubo yegesi ekhethekileyo" acatshulwe ngezantsi. . Le migaqo mayisetyenziswe ngokungqongqo kungekuphela nje kwimibhobho "yegesi ekhethekileyo", kodwa nakwiinkqubo zemibhobho ezithutha izinto ezinobuthi, ezinokutsha, nezibolayo.
②Ukwakhiwa kweprojekthi yokudiliza umbhobho wegesi ekhethekileyo kuya kuhlangabezana neemfuno ezilandelayo. Iyunithi yokwakha kufuneka ilungiselele isicwangciso sokwakha ngaphambi kokuba iqale umsebenzi. Umxholo kufuneka uquke iindawo ezibalulekileyo, amanyathelo okhuseleko ngexesha lokusebenza, ukubeka esweni iinkqubo zokusebenza eziyingozi, izicwangciso zongxamiseko, iinombolo zoqhagamshelwano zongxamiseko kunye nabantu abazinikeleyo abaphetheyo. Abasebenzi bokwakha kufuneka banikwe ulwazi oluneenkcukacha ngobuchwephesha malunga neengozi ezinokubakho. Xela inyani.
③ Kwimeko yomlilo, ukuvuza kwezinto ezinobungozi, okanye ezinye iingozi ngexesha lomsebenzi, kufuneka uthobele umyalelo odibeneyo kwaye uphume ngokulandelelana ngokwendlela yokubaleka. . Xa usenza imisebenzi yomlilo ovulekileyo efana nokuwelda ngexesha lokwakha, kufuneka ufumane imvume yomlilo kunye nemvume yokusebenzisa izixhobo zokukhusela umlilo ezikhutshwe yiyunithi yokwakha.
④ Amanyathelo okwethutyana okuzahlula kunye neempawu zesilumkiso sengozi kufuneka zithathwe phakathi kwendawo yemveliso kunye nendawo yokwakha. Abasebenzi bokwakha abavumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukungena kwiindawo ezingadibaniyo nolwakhiwo. Abasebenzi bobuchwephesha abavela kumnini kunye neqela lokwakha kufuneka babekho kwindawo yokwakha. Ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kocango lwe-mesh, ukutshintshwa kombane, kunye nemisebenzi yokutshintshwa kwegesi kufuneka igqitywe ngabasebenzi abazinikeleyo phantsi kwesikhokelo sabasebenzi bobuchwephesha bomnini. Imisebenzi ngaphandle kwemvume ayivumelekanga ngokungqongqo. Ngexesha lomsebenzi wokusika nokuguqula, yonke imibhobho eza kunqunyulwa kunye nendawo yokusika kufuneka iphawulwe ngokucacileyo kwangaphambili. Umbhobho ophawulweyo kufuneka uqinisekiswe ngumnini kunye nabasebenzi bobuchwephesha beqela lokwakha kwindawo ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kakubi.
⑤ Ngaphambi kokwakhiwa, iigesi ezikhethekileyo ezikwipayipi kufuneka zitshintshwe nge-nitrogen ecocekileyo kakhulu, kwaye inkqubo yepayipi kufuneka ikhutshwe. Igesi etshintshiweyo kufuneka icutshungulwe sisixhobo sokucoca igesi yokukhupha umoya kwaye ikhutshwe emva kokuba ifikelele kwimigangatho. Ipayipi elungisiweyo kufuneka izaliswe yi-nitrogen enoxinzelelo oluphantsi ngaphambi kokuba isikwe, kwaye umsebenzi kufuneka wenziwe phantsi koxinzelelo oluhle kumbhobho.
⑥Emva kokuba ulwakhiwo lugqityiwe kwaye uvavanyo lufanelekile, umoya okwinkqubo yemibhobho kufuneka uthatyathelwe indawo yinitrogen kwaye umbhobho kufuneka ukhutshwe.
3: Ukuhlolwa kolwakhiwo, ukwamkelwa kunye nokusebenza kwetyala
① Ukwamkelwa ngokupheleleyo kwegumbi elicocekileyo elilungisiweyo. Okokuqala, inxalenye nganye kufuneka ihlolwe kwaye yamkelwe ngokwemigangatho kunye neenkcukacha ezifanelekileyo. Okufunekayo ukugxininiswa apha kukuhlolwa nokwamkelwa kweendawo ezifanelekileyo zesakhiwo sokuqala kunye nenkqubo. Ezinye ii-tests kunye nokwamkelwa zodwa azinakubonisa ukuba zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno "zeenjongo zokuhlaziya". Kufuneka ziqinisekiswe nangokusebenza kwe-trial. Ke ngoko, akufuneki nje kuphela ukugqiba ukwamkelwa kokugqitywa, kodwa kufuna neyunithi yokwakha ukuba isebenzisane nomnini ukuze kuqhutywe uvavanyo.
② Ukusebenza kwesilingo kwigumbi elicocekileyo eliguquliweyo. Zonke iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo, izibonelelo kunye nezixhobo ezibandakanyekayo ekuguqulweni kufuneka zivavanywe nganye nganye ngokwemigangatho efanelekileyo kunye neemfuno zeenkcukacha kunye neemeko ezithile zeprojekthi. Izikhokelo kunye neemfuno zokusebenza kwesilingo kufuneka zenziwe. Ngexesha lokusebenza kwesilingo, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokukodwa ukuhlolwa kwenxalenye yoqhagamshelo nenkqubo yokuqala. Inkqubo yombhobho eyongeziweyo entsha akufuneki ingcolise inkqubo yokuqala. Ukuhlolwa kunye novavanyo kufuneka kwenziwe ngaphambi koqhagamshelo. Amanyathelo okukhusela ayimfuneko kufuneka athathwe ngexesha loqhagamshelo. Uvavanyo emva koqhagamshelo Umsebenzi kufuneka uhlolwe kwaye uvavanywe ngononophelo, kwaye umsebenzi wesilingo unokugqitywa kuphela xa iimfuno zifezekisiwe.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Septemba-12-2023