1.Iifomu zoLungiselelo lweNdawo
Uhlobo olujikeleze indlela
Ipaseji engaphandle inokuba neefestile okanye ingabi nafestile, isetyenziselwa ukutyelela kunye nokubeka izixhobo; izixhobo zokufudumeza zingalungiswa ngaphakathi. Iifestile zangaphandle mazibe ziifestile ezivalekileyo eziphindwe kabini.
Uhlobo lweKhorido yangaphakathi
Amagumbi okucoca abekwe kumda ongaphandle kunye nepaseji engaphakathi. Ezi paseji zihlala zicocekile kakhulu, zilingana nezo zamagumbi okucoca.
Uhlobo oluneziphelo ezimbini
Indawo ecocekileyo ibekwe kwicala elinye, ngelixa iindawo ezicocekileyo kunye namagumbi ancedisayo zibekwe kwelinye icala.
Uhlobo oluPhambili
Ukuze kongiwe ukusetyenziswa komhlaba kwaye kufinyezwe iindlela zemibhobho, indawo ecocekileyo ithathwa njengeyona nto iphambili, ijikelezwe ngamagumbi ahlukeneyo ancedisayo kunye neendawo zemibhobho ezifihliweyo macala onke. Olu lwakhiwo luthintela impembelelo yemozulu yangaphandle kwindawo ecocekileyo, lunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okupholisa nokufudumeza, kwaye lwenza kube lula ukonga amandla.
2.Indlela yokuCoca abasebenzi
Ukunciphisa ungcoliseko olubangelwa yimisebenzi yabasebenzi ngexesha lokusebenza, abasebenzi kufuneka banxibe iimpahla ezicocekileyo, badlule kwiishawa zomoya, bahlambe baze babulale iintsholongwane ngaphambi kokuba bangene kwindawo ecocekileyo. Ezi nkqubo zibizwa ngokuba kukucocwa kwabasebenzi. Umoya kufuneka unikezelwe kumagumbi okutshintshela iimpahla acocekileyo kwiindawo zokucocwa kwabasebenzi, ugcine uxinzelelo oluhle xa kuthelekiswa namagumbi okungena kunye noxinzelelo oluncinci oluhle xa kuthelekiswa namagumbi okulala kunye namagumbi okugeza; izindlu zangasese kunye namagumbi okugeza kufuneka zigcinwe ziphantsi koxinzelelo olubi.
3.Indlela yokuCoca izinto
Zonke izinto kufuneka zicocwe ngaphambi kokuba zisiwe kwindawo ecocekileyo, eyaziwa ngokuba kukucocwa kwezinto. Indlela yokucocwa kwezinto kufuneka yahlulwe kwindlela yokucocwa kwabasebenzi. Ukuba abasebenzi kunye nezinto kufuneka bangene kwigumbi lokucoca kwindawo enye, kuya kwamkelwa ukufikelela okukhethekileyo ngokulandelelana, kunye nezinto kufuneka zicocwe kuqala. Kwiindawo ezinemigca yemveliso engaqhubekiyo, iindawo zokugcina impahla eziphakathi zinokubekwa ecaleni kwendlela yezinto. Kwimigca yemveliso eqhubekayo, kusetyenziswa iindlela zezinto ezithe tye, kunye neendawo ezininzi zokucocwa kunye nokudluliselwa ezifakelwe njengoko kufuneka. Kuyilo lwenkqubo, iindawo zokucocwa ezirhabaxa nezicociweyo zamagumbi okucocwa kwezinto ziya kuvelisa inani elikhulu lezinto ezincinci ngexesha lokuvuthela umoya, ngoko ke ziya kugcinwa kuxinzelelo olubi okanye uxinzelelo olungekhoyo xa kuthelekiswa nendawo ecocekileyo. Uxinzelelo olubi kufuneka lugcinwe kwicala lokungena apho umngcipheko wongcoliseko uphezulu.
4.Ulungiselelo lweMibhobho
Amagumbi okucoca aquka imibhobho enzima kakhulu, yonke ecwangciswe ngendlela efihlakeleyo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
I-Interlayer yoBugcisa
(1) Umgangatho woBugcisa boPhahla
Iipayipi zomoya kunye neepayipi zokubuyisa umoya zihlala kwindawo enkulu enqamlezileyo kwaye zibekwe phambili ukuba zibekwe phezulu kwe-interlayer, kunye nemibhobho yombane ebekwe ngaphantsi. Ukuba i-slab esezantsi ye-interlayer inomthwalo owaneleyo, izihluzi kunye nezixhobo zokukhupha umoya zinokufakwa kuyo.
(2) Umgca woBugcisa beGumbi
Xa kuthelekiswa nee-interlayers ezikwisilingi kuphela, le ndlela inciphisa uxinano lweentambo kunye nokuphakama kwee-interlayers, kwaye ayifaki ii-chutes zobugcisa kwii-return air ducts ezibuyela ngasemva kwi-interlayers ephezulu. Iifeni zomoya ezibuyelayo, izixhobo zamandla kunye nezixhobo zokusasaza umbane zinokucwangciswa kwi-chute esezantsi. I-chute ephezulu yomgangatho omnye inokusebenza njenge-chute esezantsi yomgangatho ongentla.
Ichute yoBugcisa (Udonga lokwahlulahlula)
Iipayipi ezithe tye kwimigca ephezulu nesezantsi zihlala ziguqulwa zibe ziipayipi ezithe nkqo, ezifihlwe ngaphakathi kwee-chutes zobugcisa. Izixhobo ezincedisayo ezingafanelekiyo ukufakwa ngaphakathi kwamagumbi okucoca zinokufakwa kwii-chutes ezinjalo, ezinokusebenza njengee-air ducts eziqhelekileyo okanye iibhokisi zoxinzelelo ezingashukumiyo, kwaye zinokuxhotyiswa ngee-radiators zetyhubhu. Uninzi lwee-chutes zobugcisa zisebenzisa izahlulo ezikhaphukhaphu, ezivumela ukulungiswa okuguquguqukayo ngexesha lokuguqulwa kwenkqubo.
Umgodi woBugcisa
Ngokungafaniyo nee-chutes zobugcisa ezihlala zibotshelelwe kumgangatho, ii-shaft zobugcisa zihamba phezu kwemigangatho kwaye zihlanganiswe ngokusisigxina kwisakhiwo sesakhiwo. Njengoko ii-shaft zobugcisa zidibanisa zonke ii-floors, izithuba ze-interlayer kufuneka zivalwe ngezinto ezinomlinganiselo wokumelana nomlilo ongaphantsi kwe-floor slabs emva kokufakwa kwepayipi yokuthintela umlilo. Ukugcinwa kwenziwa umgangatho ngomgangatho kunye neengcango zokufikelela ezilinganiselweyo ngumlilo ezifakiweyo. Apho ii-interlayer zobugcisa, ii-chutes okanye ii-shafts zisebenza ngqo njengemibhobho yomoya, iindawo zazo zangaphakathi kufuneka ziphathwe ngokuhambelana neemfuno zomphezulu wangaphakathi wegumbi lokucoca.
5.Uyilo lweGumbi leZixhobo
Amagumbi omoya opholileyo angcono abekwe kufutshane namagumbi okucoca aneemfuno ezinkulu zomoya ukuze kuncitshiswe iindlela zokuhambisa umoya. Okwangoku, ukwahlukana phakathi kwamagumbi okucoca kunye namagumbi ezixhobo kuyafuneka ukuze kulawulwe ingxolo kunye nokungcangcazela, kwaye zombini ezi zinto maziqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo.
Ulwahlulo lweZakhiwo
Ukwahlulwa kweNtlanganiso yokuHlala: Indawo yokuhlalisa ihlelwe phakathi kwegumbi lokucoca kunye negumbi lezixhobo ukuze kuhlalwe yodwa.
Ukwahlulwa kodonga olunemiqolo: Apho igumbi lezixhobo likufutshane negumbi lokucoca, iindonga zokwahlulahlula ezizimeleyo ziyasetyenziswa kwicala ngalinye kunye nomsantsa obekelwe phakathi endaweni yokwabelana ngodonga olunye.
Ukwahlulwa kweGumbi eliNcedisayo: Amagumbi ancedisayo acwangciswe phakathi kwegumbi lokucoca kunye negumbi lezixhobo njengendawo yokukhusela.
Uyilo oluSetyenzisiweyo
Uyilo lophahla/lwesilingi: Amagumbi ezixhobo adla ngokubekwa eluphahleni oluphezulu ukuze angangeni kwiindawo zokucoca ezisezantsi. Umgangatho ongaphantsi kophahla ungcono ulungiselelwe njengamagumbi ancedisayo, amagumbi olawulo okanye iileya zobugcisa.
Uyilo olungaphantsi komhlaba: Amagumbi ezixhobo akwigumbi elingaphantsi komhlaba.
Uyilo lweZakhiwo oluZimeleyo
Isakhiwo sezixhobo ezizimeleyo sakhiwe ngokwahlukileyo kwisakhiwo segumbi lokucoca kwaye sigcinwa kufutshane. Ukwahlulwa kokungcangcazela kunye nokuthintela isandi kufuneka kulungiswe kumagumbi ezixhobo, kunye nemigangatho engangeni manzi ngokupheleleyo kunye neendlela zokukhupha amanzi ezifakiweyo.
Ukwahlulwa kokungcangcazela: Amanyathelo okwahlula ukungcangcazela kufuneka asetyenziswe kwizixhasi nakwiziseko zemithombo yokungcangcazela efana neefeni, iimoto kunye neempompo zamanzi. Apho kuyimfuneko, izixhobo mazifakwe kwiislabhu zekhonkrithi ezixhaswe zizinto ezidambisa ukungcangcazela; ubunzima beslabhu buya kuba buphindwe kabini ukuya kathathu kunobunzima besixhobo siphela.
Ukuthintela isandi: Ukongeza kwizithulisi-lizwi zenkqubo, amagumbi amakhulu ezixhobo anokusebenzisa izixhobo zodonga ezifunxa isandi kunye neengcango zokuthintela isandi. Akukho mnyango uya kuvulwa eludongeni olujongene nendawo ecocekileyo.
6.Ukukhutshwa Kwindawo Engxamisekileyo
Amagumbi okucoca zizakhiwo ezivalekileyo kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukuphuma kwabantu ngexesha likaxakeka kube yingxaki ebalulekileyo enxulumene kakhulu noyilo lweenkqubo zokuphatha nokucoca umoya. Iimfuno eziphambili zezi zilandelayo:
Ubuncinane kufuneka kubekho iindlela ezimbini zokuphuma ngexesha likaxakeka kwindawo nganye yomlilo okanye kwindawo ecocekileyo kuyo yonke kumgangatho wemveliso; kuvunyelwe indlela enye yokuphuma ukuba indawo ingaphantsi kwama-50 ㎡ enabahlali abangaphantsi kwama-5.
Iminyango yokucoca abasebenzi ayizukusetyenziswa njengeendawo zokuphuma, njengoko iindlela zokucoca ezijikelezayo zithintela ukuphuma ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle xa kukho umlilo nomsi.
Amagumbi okuhlamba umoya awafanele asebenze njengeendlela zokungena eziqhelekileyo. Iingcango ezivaliweyo okanye ezizenzekelayo zinokonakala kwaye zithintele ukuphuma. Iingcango ezidlulayo kufuneka zifakelwe amagumbi okuhlamba umoya, eziyimfuneko xa abasebenzi bedlula abantu aba-5. Abasebenzi mabasebenzise iingcango ezidlulayo endaweni yeeshawa zomoya xa bephuma kwindawo ecocekileyo phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo.
Ukuze kugcinwe uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, iingcango ezingaphakathi kwindawo ecocekileyo zivulekele amagumbi anoxinzelelo oluphezulu, nto leyo ephikisana neemfuno zokufuduka ngexesha likaxakeka. Ukulinganisela ucoceko lwemihla ngemihla neemfuno zokufuduka ngexesha likaxakeka, iingcango eziphakathi kweendawo ezicocekileyo nezingacocekanga, kunye neengcango eziphuma kwiindawo ezicocekileyo ukuya ngaphandle kufuneka zenziwe njengeengcango zokufuduka ngexesha likaxakeka ezivulekela kwicala lokufuduka; iingcango ezizimeleyo ezingxamisekileyo mazilandele umthetho ofanayo.
7.Isishwankathelo soMhombiso woLwakhiwo lweCleanroom
Imisebenzi yokuhombisa uyilo lwegumbi lokucoca igubungela yonke imisebenzi ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esiphambili, iingcango zangaphandle kunye neefestile, kubandakanya ukugqitywa komgangatho, ukuplasta, imisebenzi yomnyango kunye neefestile, imisebenzi yesilingi, imisebenzi yokwahlulahlula, imisebenzi yokugquma kunye nokupeyinta, kunye nokuvalwa kweendawo phakathi kwemibhobho, izixhobo zokukhanyisa, izixhobo zokucoca umoya, izixhobo zenkqubo kunye nezakhiwo zesakhiwo.
Ukubaluleka kokuhombisa igumbi lokucoca kubonakala kwiinkalo ezimbini:
Impembelelo kwiNtsebenzo iyonke: Izixhobo zokucoca mazingabi nathuli kwaye zingaqokeleli uthuli xa zinezakhiwo ezingangeni moya. Umgangatho wokuhombisa umisela ngokuthe ngqo isiphumo sokucoca.
Impembelelo kwiNdleko zoKwakha: Amagumbi okucoca zizakhiwo ezibiza kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezakhiwo zeofisi eziqhelekileyo.
Iimfuneko zeZixhobo zokuhombisa
Iimfuno Jikelele:
➤Umphezulu ogudileyo
➤Ukumelana nokunxitywa
➤Ubushushu obuhle bokugquma ubushushu
➤Ukuveliswa kombane ongashukumiyo okuphantsi
➤Ingangenisi umswakama kwaye ayingeni manzi
➤Ukwazi ukufunxa isandi kakuhle
➤Ukucubungula okulula
➤Ukunamathelana kothuli okuphantsi
➤Ukususa uthuli lula
➤Ixabiso liphantsi
Umhombiso woMgangatho
Iimfuno eziQhelekileyo: ①Ukuxhathisa ukunxitywa ②Ukuxhathisa iikhemikhali (i-asidi, i-alkali, amayeza) ③Intsebenzo yokulwa nokunganyakazi ④Ukuxhathisa ukutyibilika ⑤Ulwakhiwo olungenamthungo luyafumaneka ⑥Ukucoca okulula
Iintlobo zoMgangatho oQhelekileyo:
➤Umgangatho Ophakanyisiweyo: Uqhelekile kwiindawo zokucoca ezihamba ngokuthe nkqo ezithe nkqo. Iimpawu: umoya obuyayo onokufikelelwa ngumgangatho, umoya ovulekileyo, ixabiso eliphezulu, ukungaguquguquki kakuhle.
➤Umgangatho weTerrazzo: Iimpawu: uthambile, awuvelisi uthuli, ulungile, uyahlanjwa, awushukumi, awuguquguquki.
➤Umgangatho weResin Coating: Izuza iingenelo zeterrazzo ngokuxhathisa ukuguguleka, umoya olungileyo kunye nokuthamba; ulwakhiwo oluntsonkothileyo. Yenziwe nge-epoxy resin, i-polyester resin okanye i-polyurethane resin exutywe nee-pigment kunye nee-curing agents; amandla esiseko sesamente mortar akufuneki abe ngaphantsi kweGrade 425.
➤Umgangatho weRoll Sheet: Iimpawu: igudile, ayigugi, iyanwebeka kancinci, ayivelisi uthuli, kulula ukuyicoca, kulula ukuyilungisa; ichaphazeleka lula kumbane ongashukumiyo kunye nokuguga kwe-UV, kulula ukuyixobula kwiindawo ezinkulu ngenxa yee-coefficients ezahlukeneyo zokwandiswa kobushushu ezivela kwikhonkrithi.
➤Umgangatho weCeramic omelana ne-asidi: Iimpawu: omelana nokugqwala kodwa obuthathaka kwaye obuthathaka kwimpembelelo; ulwakhiwo oluntsonkothileyo kunye nexabiso eliphezulu. Ifanelekile kwiindawo ezisengozini yokugqwala ezinemida yokuma kwamanzi.
➤Umgangatho we-FRP: Iimpawu: ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nokuqina okuhle; kuthintelwe ukusetyenziswa kwindawo encinci ngenxa yee-coefficients zokwandiswa kobushushu ezingahambelaniyo kunye nezakhiwo zesiseko; kufuneka umgangatho othintela umlilo.
Ukuhombisa udonga
Iimfuno eziQhelekileyo: ①Iyakwazi ukumelana namabala kwaye kulula ukuyicoca ②Umphezulu ogudileyo ugqityiwe ③Akukho thuli luphumayo xa ixobuka okanye yonakele ④Ukuxhathisa impembelelo ⑤Unyango lwe-arc okanye olutywiniweyo lweekona zangaphakathi
Iindidi zoDonga eziqhelekileyo:
➤Ukuplasta okusemgangathweni ophezulu: Kuyimfuneko kwiindonga zegumbi lokucoca ezineenkqubo eziqhelekileyo eziquka ukukrola iikona, ukubeka i-screed, ukulinganisa iileya, ukucheba umphezulu kunye nokutshiza.
➤Ipeyinti yeLatex: Iimpawu: igudile, ayixobuki, ixabisa kancinci, ayihlambi.
Ipeyinti ye-Epoxy kunye ne-Synthetic Resin: I-Smooth, ayixobuli, iyahlambeka, ayidli mhlwa, kwaye ifuna ulwakhiwo oluphezulu.
➤Ingubo engangeni mvuthuluka: Ithambile, ayixobuki, iyahlanjwa kwaye ayidli mhlwa.
➤Iphaneli yeCeramic: Icocekile kakuhle, ayidli mhlwa kwaye kulula ukuyicoca; iindawo ezidityanisiweyo, kunzima ukuzilinganisa kunye neemfuno zokwakha eziphezulu.
➤Iphaneli yesinyithi: Ayinamhlwa, ayitshi, ayishukumi, igudileyo, kulula ukuyicoca, ixabisa kakhulu. Izinto ezisetyenziswayo ziquka iphaneli ye-aluminium ehlanganisiweyo ye-epoxy, iphaneli ye-aluminium engashukumiyo, intsimbi engatyiwayo kunye nepleyiti yentsimbi enemibala. Ipleyiti yesinyithi enemibala isebenzisa i-substrate yentsimbi egqunyiweyo, i-alkyd resin primer, kunye ne-thermosetting acrylic / epoxy / polyester resin topcoat.
➤Iphaneli yodonga yeCleanroom elungiselelwe kwangaphambili: Yamkelwe ngokubanzi ngokukodwa kwiiprojekthi zokuhlaziya ezineempawu eziguquguqukayo ngokwezinto eziphathekayo. Iiphaneli zesinyithi ezizaliswe kabini zibonelela ngobushushu obufanelekileyo kwiindawo ezinomoya opholileyo kunye nobushushu obungaguqukiyo obunamandla aphezulu esakhiwo. Ulwakhiwo: ishidi lobuso kunye nezinto eziphambili, ezikhethiweyo ngokoyilo ngalunye.
➤Iphepha lobuso: umthi oqinisiweyo we-melamine, ipleyiti ye-aluminium alloy, ipleyiti yentsimbi, ipleyiti yentsimbi enemibala, njl.
➤Izinto eziphambili:
- I-polyurethane foam eqinileyo: i-foam ekwindawo, i-thermal insulation egqwesileyo; i-organophosphorus ene-halogenated yongezwa njenge-flame retardant, ihlelwe njenge-flame retardant, i-flame retardant kunye ne-non-burn grades.
- Ibhodi ye-asbestos calcium silicate: i-calcium carbonate ekhaphukhaphu exutywe ne-inorganic fiber kunye ne-fire retant, i-foam kwaye ibotshelelwe kwi-PVC resin; iyamelana kakuhle nomlilo, ayitshisi kangako.
- Ibhodi yesandwich yePolystyrene: ukufakelwa kwe-polystyrene phakathi kweepleyiti zentsimbi ngokuncamathisela nokucinezela; kukhupha igesi ecaphukisayo ngexesha lokutsha, akukhuthazwa kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu womlilo.
- Ibhodi yesandwich yoboya belitye: uboya belitye obufakwe phakathi kweepleyiti zentsimbi, bufanelekile kwiimfuno zokukhusela umlilo; i-lining yebhodi ye-gypsum iyimfuneko ekusetyenzisweni ekuthwaleni umthwalo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuguguleka.
e. Ibhodi yeenkumba zephepha/zealuminiyam: isiseko seenkumba zeenkumba sibekwe phakathi kweepleyiti zentsimbi; i-enkumba zealuminiyam ezinamandla aphezulu, zisebenza kakuhle emlilweni.
Umhombiso wesilingi
Iimfuno eziQhelekileyo:
Isakhelo sesilingi esikhaphukhaphu esinobulukhuni obuphezulu kunye nofakelo olulula. Ukumelana nokungcangcazela ekuweni kubaluleke kakhulu kunobunzima bomphezulu, njengoko iiphaneli zesilingi zingachaphazeleki kakhulu kukungqubana ngesandla kodwa zisengozini yokungcangcazela okuvela kwimibhobho ephezulu nezixhobo.
Iintlobo zeSakhelo sesilingi:
➤Intsimbi Elula: Ilula, ayisebenzisi ntsimbi ingako; unyango olucokisekileyo lwamalungu; ayifikeleleki ekulungisweni, ayinakusebenza njengeendlela zokuhamba zexeshana okanye izixhasi zokuthwala umthwalo, ukulungiswa okunzima.
➤I-Keel yentsimbi yeCandelo: Iyakwazi ukulungelelaniswa nesithuba somoya kunye nolwakhiwo lokuvula isibane; ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi eninzi.
➤I-Aluminium Alloy Keel: Inzima kancinci; unyango olucokisekileyo lwamalungu; alufikeleleki ekulungisweni, alunakusebenza njengeendlela zokuhamba okwethutyana okanye njengeenkxaso zokuthwala umthwalo, ukulungiswa okunzima.
Izixhobo zePaneli yesilingi
Uninzi lwezinto zokuhombisa eludongeni ziyasebenza kwiiphaneli zesilingi; iiphaneli zeplastiki ezinemibala nazo zikhetho ezifanelekileyo.
Izixhobo zokutywina umthungo
Iimfuno eziQhelekileyo: ①Ukusebenza kakuhle kokutywina kunye nokuthamba okufanelekileyo ②Ukumelana nokwaluphala ③Ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza ④Into enye ekhethwayo ⑤Ukusetyenziswa okulula ⑥Ukunamathela okuhle ⑦Ayinatyhefu, ayinavumba, umbala uhambelana nomhombiso
Iintlobo zeSealant eziqhelekileyo:
➤Irabha yeSilicone: Iyakwazi ukuguquguquka kubushushu obubanzi, ukumelana kakuhle kweekhemikhali kunye neoyile; ukumelana okungekuhle kweNaOH, inokuba ne-mildew. Izinto ezithambileyo zepolymer ezisekwe kwisakhiwo se-siloxane.
➤I-Polyurethane: Ubunzima obuphezulu, ukuthamba okuhle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kubushushu obuphantsi, ukumelana neoyile kunye ne-ozone; ukumelana kwamanzi okuphantsi. Yenziwe kwi-polyisocyanate kunye ne-hydrogen alcohols/amines esebenzayo kunye nee-curing agents.
➤Irabha yokwenziwa: Ukuqina okulinganayo, ukumelana neekhemikhali, ukumelana namanzi, ukumelana neoyile kunye nokuqina; ikakhulu irabha ye-nitrile.
Iimfuno ezikhethekileyo
Ngokuhambelana neKhowudi yoKwakha noKwamkelwa kwaMagumbi okucoca:
Umthamo womswakama wemithi esetyenziswa kwiindawo zokucoca akufuneki udlule kwi-16% ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa okuvezwayo. Izinga eliphezulu lokutshintsha komoya kunye nokufuma okuphantsi kunokubangela ukuqhekeka, ukuguquka, ukukhululeka kunye nokuveliswa kothuli ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakhulu kwemithi. Ukusetyenziswa okungaphelelanga kuvunyelwe kuphela ngonyango oluchasene nokugqwala kunye noluthintela ukufuma.
Ibhodi yegypsum engangeni manzi iyimfuneko kwiindawo zokucoca eziqhelekileyo. Kwiindawo zokucoca zebhayoloji ezineempahla ezihlanjwa rhoqo ngamanzi kunye neentsholongwane, nebhodi yegypsum engangeni manzi inokuba nokuguquguquka komswakama kunye nomonakalo wokukrala, ngoko ke ayivumelekanga njengezinto ezijongene nophahla.
8.Imigaqo yoCwangciso oluLungileyo lwaMagumbi okucoca angenalo uthuli
Uyilo lwezakhiwo zegumbi lokucoca lunxulumene ngokusondeleyo noyilo lwenkqubo yokucoca kunye nomoya opholileyo. Abayili baya kulungelelanisa uyilo lwezakhiwo kunye nolungiselelo lwenkqubo, kwaye babeke phambili iimfuno zoyilo ukuze kuphuculwe imisebenzi iyonke. Igumbi lokucoca elingenathuli ngokubanzi liquka indawo ecocekileyo, indawo ecocekileyo kancinci kunye nendawo encedisayo. Uyilo lwezakhiwo luya kulandela amanqaku aphambili angezantsi:
Iifom zoyilo lweplane: uhlobo olujikelezileyo lwekhorido, uhlobo lwekhorido yangaphakathi, uhlobo oluneziphelo ezimbini kunye nohlobo oluphambili.
Indlela yokucocwa kwabasebenzi: abasebenzi mabatshintshe banxibe iimpahla ezingenathuli baze badlule kwiindlela zokucoca umoya ngaphambi kokuba bangene kwiindawo ezicocekileyo; kufuneka umoya ophumayo kwiindawo zokutshintsha iimpahla.
Indlela yokucoca izinto: zonke izinto zifuna ukulungiswa ngaphambi kokungena; iindlela mazihlulwe kwiindlela zabasebenzi okanye zisebenzise indlela ekhethekileyo yokungena. Izibonelelo zokudlulisa ukucoca kunye neendawo zokugcina izinto eziphakathi zinokufakwa njengoko kufuneka.
Ulungiselelo lwemibhobho: imibhobho enzima kumagumbi angenathuli isebenzisa ulwakhiwo olufihlakeleyo oluquka umaleko wobugcisa wesilingi, umaleko wobugcisa wegumbi, umngxuma wobugcisa kunye nomngxuma wobugcisa. Zonke izakhiwo ezisetyenziswa njengemibhobho yomoya kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho yomphezulu wangaphakathi wegumbi lokucoca.
Uyilo lwegumbi lezixhobo: amagumbi omoya opholileyo angcono akufutshane namagumbi okucoca anomoya omninzi kwiindlela ezimfutshane zemibhobho, ngelixa ahlulwe ukuze kulawulwe ingxolo kunye nokungcangcazela. Iifom zokwahlula kunye noyilo ziquka ukwahlula ijoyinti yokuhlala, ukwahlula udonga olungaphakathi, ukwahlula igumbi elincedisayo, ulwakhiwo lophahla, ulwakhiwo olungaphantsi komhlaba kunye noyilo oluzimeleyo lwesakhiwo. Ukwahlula ukungcangcazela, ukuthintela isandi, ukuthintela amanzi kumgangatho opheleleyo kunye namanyathelo okukhupha amanzi ayafuneka kumagumbi ezixhobo.
Ukuphuma ngexesha likaxakeka: njengezakhiwo ezivalekileyo kakhulu, amagumbi acocekileyo afuna ubuncinci iindawo zokuphuma ezi-2 ezingxamisekileyo kwindawo nganye ecocekileyo kumgangatho. Amasango okucoca abasebenzi kunye namagumbi okuhlamba umoya akufuneki asetyenziswe njengeendawo zokuphuma ngexesha likaxakeka.
9.Iimpawu zoYilo lweZakhiwo zeCleanroom
Uyilo lwezakhiwo luyinxalenye ephambili yoyilo lweworkshop ecocekileyo. Luqwalasela ngokupheleleyo iimfuno zenkqubo yemveliso, iimpawu zezixhobo, iinkqubo zokucoca kunye nokupholisa umoya, ipateni yomoya wangaphakathi kunye noyilo lwemibhobho yoyilo lweplani yoyilo kunye necandelo. Ngokwesiseko sokuhlangabezana nokuhamba kwenkqubo, luphucula uyilo lwendawo lwamagumbi acocekileyo nalawo angacocekanga kunye namagumbi amanqanaba ahlukeneyo ococeko ukuze kusebenze kakuhle ngokubanzi.
Iimpawu zoYilo oluPhambili
Iteknoloji edibanisa izifundo ezahlukeneyo: Iteknoloji yegumbi lokucoca idibanisa iinkalo ezininzi. Uyilo lufuna ukuqonda iimpawu zenkqubo yemveliso, iinkcukacha zokwakhiwa kweworkshop kunye neendlela zokuvelisa nokuqokelela ungcoliseko ezibandakanya ifiziksi, ikhemistri kunye nebhayoloji. Ikwaquka ukucocwa komoya, ukucocwa kwegesi kunye neekhemikhali, ukuthuthwa okuphakathi okucocekileyo kakhulu, ulawulo lokungcangcazela okuncinci, ukunciphisa ingxolo, ubuchwepheshe bokukhusela ukuphazamiseka kwe-anti-static kunye ne-electromagnetic ukusombulula iingxaki zobunjineli ezinzima.
Ubunzulu Obuphezulu: Ngokungafaniyo nezakhiwo zemizi-mveliso eziqhelekileyo, uyilo lwegumbi lokucoca lugxile ekudaleni iimeko zemveliso ecocekileyo ezifanelekileyo kunye nokulungelelanisa iingxabano zoyilo lwezifundo ezahlukeneyo ukuze kufezekiswe ukusebenza kakuhle kwendawo kunye noyilo lwesicwangciso ngexabiso elifanelekileyo. Lugxininisa ulungelelwaniso phakathi koyilo lwezakhiwo, uyilo lwenkqubo kunye noyilo lokucoca umoya, kubandakanya ukulungelelaniswa kokuhamba kweenkqubo, ukuhanjiswa kwabasebenzi kunye nezinto, ulungelelwaniso lokuhamba komoya, ukungabi namoya wesakhiwo kunye nokusetyenziswa kokuhlobisa.
Ukusetyenziswa Okufanelekileyo Kwendawo: Iiworkshops ezicocekileyo zidibanisa amagumbi acocekileyo, amagumbi okuncedisa ukuvelisa, amagumbi okucoca abasebenzi kunye nezinto kunye namagumbi oncedo. Uyilo lwezakhiwo luya kuphucula ulungiselelo lweplanar kunye nendawo ukuze kusetyenziswe indawo kakuhle.
Umgangatho Ophezulu Neendleko: Izixhobo zokuvelisa kunye neendleko zokwakha amagumbi okucoca ziphezulu. Ukuhombisa okuntsonkothileyo kufuna umoya ococekileyo kunye nemigangatho engqongqo yezixhobo zokwakha kunye neenkcukacha zesakhiwo.
Ukwakhiwa kweeWorkshops ezicocekileyo
Indawo yokusebenzela ecocekileyo ineendawo ezine ezisebenzayo:
Indawo yoMveliso ococekileyo: Indawo ephambili apho inqanaba lokucoceka limiselwa ziimfuno zenkqubo yokuvelisa. Uyilo luza kwanelisa ubushushu, ukufuma, ipateni yokuhamba komoya, impahla yezinto eziluhlaza, imfuno yokusetyenziswa kunye neemfuno zolawulo lokusingqongileyo kubandakanya ingxolo, ukungcangcazela kunye nombane ongashukumiyo.
Indawo Encedisayo Ecocekileyo: Amagumbi okuxhasa ayimfuneko anesakhiwo esichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo iindleko zokwakha, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuthintela ungcoliseko oluhambelanayo.
Indawo yoLawulo: Iiofisi, amagumbi okusebenzela, ulawulo kunye neendawo zokuphumla ziqinisekiswe ngokuthetha-thethana nomnini.
Indawo yoNcedo: Amagumbi eenkqubo zokucoca umoya, izixhobo zombane, iinkqubo zamanzi negesi ezicocekileyo kakhulu kunye nezixhobo zokupholisa nokufudumeza. Uyilo lwahluka kakhulu ngohlobo lwemveliso; izixhobo zokucoca kunye nezokupholisa/zokufudumeza zihlala zicwangciswa ngaphakathi kwindawo yokusebenzela ukuze kube lula ukulawula kunye neendlela ezimfutshane zemibhobho. Iindawo zokugcina izinto zinokudityaniswa namagumbi okucoca kunye nezakhiwo ezongezelelweyo njengoyilo olupheleleyo olusekelwe kwiimpawu zezinto eziluhlaza, ubungakanani kunye neempawu zemveliso egqityiweyo.
Iplani yoYilo kunye noLwakhiwo lweNdawo
➤Iimfuneko zoBume
Uyilo lweplani yegumbi lokucoca lunemilo emfutshane, ulwahlulo olucacileyo olusebenzayo, usasazo olufanelekileyo lweendawo zemibhobho ezifihliweyo, ukuguquguquka kwenkqubo kunye nokuphuculwa kwezixhobo, kunye nokhuseleko lokufuduka emlilweni. Iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zokudibanisa ziquka uyilo olukufutshane, uyilo lweebhloko kunye noyilo oluvaliweyo, kunye nolungelelwaniso lwesithuba olusekelwe kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo, ukuphakama kunye neegridi zeekholamu.
➤Imigaqo yoLwakhiwo
Amagumbi okuvelisa aneemfuno zococeko adla ngokuba ziindawo zenkqubo ezingaphelelanga kwiindawo zokusebenzela ezibanzi, ezixutywe neendawo zemveliso eziqhelekileyo, amagumbi ancedisayo kunye neendawo zoncedo. Iindawo zemveliso ezicocekileyo neziqhelekileyo mazibekwe kwindawo ephakathi ukuze kuphuculwe ukuhanjiswa kwabasebenzi kunye nezixhobo, kuthintelwe ungcoliseko olunqamlezileyo, kwenziwe lula ulungiselelo lwemibhobho kwaye kuncitshiswe indawo yokwakha. Kwiiworkshop ezixutyiweyo ezineendawo zemveliso ezicocekileyo neziqhelekileyo, iindlela zabasebenzi kunye nezixhobo kunye neendlela zokukhupha umlilo kufuneka zicwangciswe kakuhle ukuze kupheliswe impembelelo embi yemveliso eqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezicocekileyo. Iimfuno zokhuseleko lomlilo kunye nemveliso ecocekileyo kufuneka zilinganiswe namanyathelo ajoliswe kuwo. Iindawo ezicocekileyo ezinamanqanaba ahlukeneyo ococeko mazicwangciswe kwindawo ephakathi ngokweendidi ezilandela ukuhamba kwenkqubo kunye nemigaqo yokuthintela ungcoliseko olunqamlezileyo, kube lula ukuhlelwa okufanelekileyo kweenkqubo zokucoca umoya kunye nemibhobho, ukwahlulwa komlilo kunye nolawulo lwemihla ngemihla lokusebenza.
Ixesha leposi: Meyi-07-2026