Igumbi elicocekileyo lokutya kufuneka lihlangabezane neklasi ye-100000 yomgangatho wococeko lomoya.Ukwakhiwa kwegumbi elicocekileyo lokutya kunokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuwohloka kunye nokukhula kokungunda kweemveliso eziveliswayo, ukwandisa ubomi obusebenzayo bokutya, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
1. Yintoni igumbi elicocekileyo?
Igumbi elicocekileyo, elikwabizwa ngokuba ligumbi elicocekileyo elingenathuli, libhekiselele ekuphelisweni kweenxalenye, umoya onobungozi, iibhaktheriya kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisa umoya ngaphakathi kwendawo ethile, kunye nobushushu bangaphakathi, ucoceko, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, isantya somoya kunye nokuhanjiswa komoya, ingxolo, ukungcangcazela. , ukukhanya, kunye nombane ongatshintshiyo kulawulwa ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile lweemfuno, kwaye igumbi eliyilwe ngokukodwa linikezelwa.Okokuthi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iimeko zomoya zangaphandle zitshintsha njani, iipropati zayo zangaphakathi zingakwazi ukugcina iimfuno ezimiselweyo zokuqala zokucoceka, ukushisa, umswakama kunye noxinzelelo.
Yintoni igumbi elicocekileyo le-100000?Ukuyibeka ngokulula, inani leengqungquthela ezinobubanzi be-≥0.5 μm nge-cubic meter yomoya kwi-workshop ayikho ngaphezu kwe-3.52 yezigidi.Incinci inani lamasuntswana emoyeni, lincinci inani lothuli kunye ne-microorganisms, kunye nomoya ococekileyo.Iklasi ye-100000 igumbi elicocekileyo lifuna kwakhona ukuba i-workshop itshintshe umoya ngamaxesha angama-15-19 ngeyure, kwaye ixesha lokuhlanjululwa komoya emva kokutshintshiselwa komoya okupheleleyo akufanele kudlule imizuzu engama-40.
2. Ulwahlulo lwendawo yegumbi elicocekileyo lokutya
Ngokubanzi, igumbi elicocekileyo lokutya linokwahlulwa ngokweendawo ezintathu: indawo yemveliso ngokubanzi, indawo encedisayo ecocekileyo, kunye nendawo yemveliso ecocekileyo.
(1).Indawo yemveliso ngokubanzi (indawo engacocekanga): imathiriyeli ekrwada ngokubanzi, imveliso egqityiweyo, indawo yokugcina isixhobo, indawo yokuhanjiswa kwemveliso egqityiweyo epakishiweyo kunye nezinye iindawo ezinomngcipheko ophantsi wokuvezwa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo, ezifana negumbi lokupakisha langaphandle, ekrwada kunye nencedisi. indawo yokugcina izinto eziphathekayo, indawo yokugcina impahla yokupakisha, igumbi lokupakisha langaphandle, njl njl.
(2).Indawo encedisayo ecocekileyo: Iimfuno zezesibini, njengokulungisa imathiriyeli ekrwada, ukupakishwa kwemathiriyeli, ukupakishwa, igumbi le-buffer (igumbi lokukhulula), igumbi lokuvelisa ngokubanzi kunye negumbi lokulungisa, igumbi lokupakisha elingalungele ukutyiwa kunye nezinye iindawo apho zigqityiweyo. iimveliso ziyacutshungulwa kodwa azivezwa ngokuthe ngqo.
(3).Indawo yokuvelisa ecocekileyo: ibhekisa kwindawo enezona mfuno ziphezulu zokucoceka kokusingqongileyo, abasebenzi abaphezulu kunye neemfuno zokusingqongileyo, kwaye kufuneka zibulawe iintsholongwane kwaye zitshintshwe ngaphambi kokuba zingene, ezifana: iindawo zokucubungula apho izinto eziluhlaza kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo zibonakaliswe, amagumbi okulungisa okubandayo ukutya okudliwayo. , kunye namagumbi okupholisa ukutya okulungele ukutyiwa.Igumbi lokugcina ukutya okulungeleyo ukupakishwa, igumbi lokupakisha langaphakathi lokutya okulungele ukutyiwa, njl.
① Igumbi elicocekileyo lokutya kufuneka lithintele imithombo yongcoliseko, ungcoliseko olunqamlezayo, ukuxubana kunye neempazamo kakhulu ngexesha lokukhetha indawo, uyilo, uyilo, ulwakhiwo kunye nokulungiswa.
②Imeko-bume yefektri icocekile kwaye icocekile, kwaye ukuhamba kwabantu kunye nolungiselelo lufanelekile.
③Makubekho imilinganiselo yolawulo lofikelelo olufanelekileyo ukuthintela ukungena kwabantu abangagunyaziswanga.
④Gcina idatha yokugqitywa kolwakhiwo.
⑤ Izakhiwo ezinongcoliseko olukhulu lomoya ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso kufuneka zakhiwe kwicala elinomoya osezantsi kummandla wefektri apho umkhombandlela womoya ungowona mkhulu unyaka wonke.
⑥ Xa iinkqubo zemveliso ezichaphazela enye kwenye zingafanelekanga ukuba zibekwe kwisakhiwo esinye, kufuneka kubekho imilinganiselo esebenzayo yokwahlula phakathi kweendawo zemveliso ezifanelekileyo.Ukuveliswa kweemveliso ezivundisiweyo kufuneka kube nendibano yocweyo yokubilisa.
3. Iimfuno zeendawo zemveliso ezicocekileyo
① Iinkqubo ezifuna inzala kodwa zingenako ukuphumeza inzala yesiphelo kunye neenkqubo ezinokufikelela ekuvaleni inzala kodwa zisetyenzwe nge-aseptically emva kokuba inzala kufuneka yenziwe kwiindawo zemveliso ezicocekileyo.
② Indawo yemveliso ecocekileyo eneemfuno zokusingqongileyo zemveliso ecocekileyo kufuneka iquke indawo yokugcina kunye nokulungiswa kokutya okonakalayo, iimveliso ezisele zigqityiwe ukutyiwa okanye iimveliso ezigqityiweyo phambi kokupholiswa kokugqibela okanye ukupakishwa, kunye neendawo zokusetyenzwa kwangaphambili kwemathiriyeli ekrwada engenakho. ukuvalwa, ukutywinwa kwemveliso, kunye neendawo zokubumba, indawo yokuvezwa emva kokuvalwa kokugqibela kwemveliso, indawo yokupakisha yangaphakathi kunye negumbi lokupakisha langaphakathi, kunye neendawo zokusetyenzwa kunye namagumbi okuhlola imveliso yokutya, ukuphuculwa kweempawu zokutya okanye ugcino, njl.
③Indawo yemveliso ecocekileyo kufuneka ibekwe ngokufanelekileyo ngokwenkqubo yemveliso kunye neemfuno ezihambelanayo zomgangatho wegumbi.Uyilo lomgca wemveliso akufanele lubangele i-crossovers kunye nokuyeka.
④ Iindibano zocweyo ezidityanisiweyo ezahlukeneyo kwindawo yemveliso kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno zeentlobo neenkqubo.Ukuba kukho imfuneko, kufuneka kubonelelwe ngamagumbi akhuselayo kunye namanye amanyathelo okuthintela ukosuleleka.Ummandla wegumbi le-buffer akufanele ube ngaphantsi kwe-3 square metres.
⑤ Imathiriyeli ekrwada Ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kunye nemveliso egqityiweyo akufuneki isebenzise indawo ecocekileyo efanayo.
⑥ Beka bucala indawo kunye nesithuba kucweyo lwemveliso olulungele isikali semveliso njengendawo yokugcina okwexeshana yemathiriyeli, imveliso ephakathi, iimveliso eziza kuhlolwa kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo, kunye nokuwela, ukudideka kunye nongcoliseko kufuneka kuthintelwe ngokungqongqo.
⑦ Igumbi lokuhlola kufuneka limiswe ngokuzimeleyo, kwaye amanyathelo afanelekileyo kufuneka athathwe ukujongana nokukhupha kunye nokukhupha amanzi.Ukuba kukho iimfuno ezicocekileyo zomoya zenkqubo yokuhlolwa kwemveliso, i-workbench ecocekileyo kufuneka imiselwe.
4. Iimfuno zezalathi zokubek'esweni ucoceko kwiindawo zokulungisa ukutya
Imekobume yokulungiswa kokutya yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela ukhuseleko lokutya.Ngoko ke, i-Food Partner Network iye yaqhuba uphando kunye neengxoxo zangaphakathi kwiimfuno zesalathisi sokujonga ukucoceka komoya kwiindawo zokulungisa ukutya.
(1).Iimfuno zococeko kwimigangatho nemimiselo
Okwangoku, imithetho yokuhlaziywa kwelayisensi yokuvelisa iziselo kunye neemveliso zobisi zineemfuno ezicacileyo zokucoceka komoya kwiindawo zokusebenza ezicocekileyo.Imithetho yokuHlola iLayisensi yoMveliso weBeverage (inguqulo ye-2017) ichaza ukuba ukucoceka komoya (amasuntswana amisiweyo, iibhaktheriya ze-sedimentation) kwindawo yokuvelisa amanzi acocekileyo apakishweyo kufuneka ifikelele kwiklasi ye-10000 xa i-static, kwaye inxalenye yokuzaliswa kufuneka ifike kwiklasi ye-100, okanye ucoceko olupheleleyo. kufuneka ifikelele kwiklasi ye-1000;Iziselo ze-carbohydrate Indawo yokusebenza ecocekileyo kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba i-frequency yokujikeleza komoya ingaphezulu kwamaxesha angama-10 / h;indawo yokusebenza yokucoca isiselo esiqinileyo ineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokucoceka komoya ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu kunye neemfuno zenkqubo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeziselo eziqinileyo;
Ezinye iintlobo zeendawo zokusebenzela zokucoca isiselo kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno ezihambelana nokucoceka komoya.Ucoceko lomoya xa i-static kufuneka ifikelele ubuncinane kwiimfuno zeklasi ze-100000, ezifana nokuveliswa kweemveliso zokusela ezingathanga ngqo ezifana nolwelo olugxininisiweyo (ijusi, i-pulps) kushishino lokutya, njl. Le mfuneko inokurhoxiswa.
Imithetho yokuphononongwa eneenkcukacha zeemeko zelayisensi yokuveliswa kweemveliso zobisi (uguqulelo lwe-2010) kunye "neMigangatho yoKhuseleko lweSizwe loKhuseleko lokuTya oluLungileyo lokuSebenza kwiimveliso zobisi" (GB12693) lufuna ukuba inani lilonke leekoloni zebhaktiriya emoyeni ekucoceni ubisi. indawo yokusebenza kufuneka ilawulwe ngezantsi 30CFU / isitya, kunye nemigaqo eneenkcukacha kwakhona ifuna ukuba amashishini Ngenisa ingxelo yonyaka yokucoceka emoyeni ekhutshwe yi-arhente yokuhlola abaqeqeshiweyo.
KuMgangatho weSizwe woKhuseleko loKutya ngokuBanzi kwiNgcaciso yoBucoceko kwiMveliso yokuTya (GB 14881-2013) kunye nezinye izinto ezicocekileyo zokuvelisa imveliso, iindawo zokubeka iliso, izalathisi zokubeka iliso kunye nokubekwa kweliso okuhamba rhoqo kwee-microorganisms zokusingqongileyo kwindawo yokusetyenzwa kubonakaliswa ikakhulu kwifom. yezihlomelo, ukubonelela ngokutya Iinkampani ezivelisa ukutya zibonelela ngezikhokelo zokubeka iliso.
Ngokomzekelo, i-"National Food Safety Standard kunye ne-Hygienic Code for Beverage Production" (GB 12695) incoma ukucoca umoya ojikelezayo (ukuhlalisa ibhaktheriya (i-Static)) ≤10 iziqwenga / (φ90mm · 0.5h).
(2).Iimfuno zokubeka iliso kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ococeko
Ngokwale ngcaciso ingentla, kunokubonwa ukuba iimfuno zokucoceka komoya kwindlela esemgangathweni zijoliswe ikakhulu kwiindawo zokuvelisa ezicocekileyo.Ngokutsho kwe-GB14881 Implementation Guide: "Iindawo zokucoca ezicocekileyo zihlala zibandakanya indawo yokugcina kunye neyokulungiswa kwangaphambili ngaphambi kokupholisa okokugqibela okanye ukupakishwa kokutya okutshabalalayo, ukutya okusele kugqityiwe ukugqitywa okanye iimveliso ezigqityiweyo, kunye nezinto eziluhlaza kwangaphambili, ukubumba kunye Iindawo zokugcwaliswa kwemveliso yokutya okungenazintsholongwane ngaphambi kokuba ukutya kungene kwindawo yokupakisha emva kokuvala inzala, kunye nezinye iindawo zokulungisa ukutya kunye nokuphatha iindawo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu wosulelo.
Imithetho ecacileyo kunye nemigangatho yokuhlaziywa kweziphuzo kunye neemveliso zobisi zifuna ngokucacileyo ukuba izikhombisi zokuhlola umoya we-ambient ziquka iincinci ezimisiweyo kunye ne-microorganisms, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukubeka iliso rhoqo ukuba ukucoceka kwendawo yokusebenza yokucoca kusemgangathweni.I-GB 12695 kunye ne-GB 12693 idinga ukuba iibhaktheriya ze-sedimentation zilinganiswe ngokwendlela yendalo ye-sedimentation kwi-GB / T 18204.3.
"UMgangatho weSizwe woKhuseleko lokuTya oluLungileyo lweMveliso yoKutya kweFomula kwiiNjongo eziZodwa zezoNyango" (GB 29923) kunye "neSicwangciso sokuPhonononga iProduction for Sports Nutritional Foods" ekhutshwe yiBeijing, iJiangsu kunye nezinye iindawo zichaza ukuba uthuli lubala (amasuntswana amisiweyo) ilinganiswe ngokuhambelana ne-GB / T 16292. Ubume bumile.
5. Isebenza njani inkqubo yegumbi elicocekileyo?
Imowudi yoku-1: Umgaqo osebenzayo weyunithi yokuphatha umoya + inkqubo yokucoca umoya + igumbi elicocekileyo lokubonelela komoya kunye nemigudu yokugquma + iibhokisi ze-HEPA + inkqubo yokuhambisa umoya yokucoca igumbi ngokuqhubekayo ijikeleza kwaye izalise umoya omtsha kwindawo yokusebenzela ecocekileyo ukuze kufezekiswe ucoceko olufunekayo. indawo yemveliso.
Imowudi yesi-2: Umgaqo osebenzayo we-FFU yokucoca umoya woshishino ofakwe kwisilingi ye-workshop yegumbi elicocekileyo ukubonelela ngokuthe ngqo umoya kwigumbi elicocekileyo + inkqubo yomoya yokubuyisela + i-air conditioner efakwe kwisilingi yokupholisa.Le fom isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiimeko apho iimfuno zokucoceka kwendalo zingekho phezulu kakhulu, kwaye iindleko ziphantsi.Njengeendibano zocweyo zokuvelisa ukutya, iiprojekthi eziqhelekileyo zeelebhu zenyama kunye neekhemikhali, amagumbi okupakisha imveliso, iindibano zocweyo zokuvelisa izithambiso, njl.
Ukukhethwa koyilo oluhlukeneyo lokunikezelwa komoya kunye neenkqubo zokubuyisela umoya kumagumbi acocekileyo yinto ecacileyo ekunqumeni amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okucoceka kwamagumbi acocekileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-19-2023