Igumbi lokucoceka kokutya kufuneka lihlangabezane nomgangatho wococeko lomoya weklasi ye-100000. Ukwakhiwa kwegumbi lokucoceka kokutya kunokunciphisa ngempumelelo ukuwohloka kunye nokukhula kwesikhunta seemveliso eziveliswayo, kwandise ubomi bokutya obusebenzayo, kwaye kuphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.
1. Yintoni igumbi elicocekileyo?
Igumbi elicocekileyo, elikwabizwa ngokuba ligumbi elicocekileyo elingenathuli, libhekisa ekususweni kwee-particles, umoya onobungozi, iibhaktheriya kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo emoyeni ngaphakathi kwendawo ethile, kwaye ubushushu bangaphakathi, ucoceko, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, isantya somoya kunye nokusasazwa komoya, ingxolo, ukungcangcazela, ukukhanya, kunye nombane ongashukumiyo zilawulwa ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile lweemfuno, kwaye igumbi eliyilwe ngokukodwa linikwa. Oko kukuthi, nokuba imeko yomoya wangaphandle itshintsha njani, iimpawu zalo zangaphakathi zinokugcina iimfuno ezimiselweyo zokuqala zokucoceka, ubushushu, ukufuma kunye noxinzelelo.
Yintoni igumbi elicocekileyo leklasi eyi-100000? Ngamafutshane, inani lamasuntswana anobubanzi obuyi-≥0.5 μm nge-cubic meter yomoya kwindawo yokusebenzela alidluli kwi-3.52 yezigidi. Okukhona inani lamasuntswana emoyeni lincinci, kokukhona inani lothuli kunye neentsholongwane lincinci, kwaye kokhona umoya ucoceka. Igumbi elicocekileyo leklasi eyi-100000 likwafuna ukuba indawo yokusebenzela itshintshise umoya izihlandlo ezili-15-19 ngeyure, kwaye ixesha lokucoca umoya emva kokutshintshana komoya ngokupheleleyo akufuneki lidlule imizuzu engama-40.
2. Ulwahlulo lwendawo yegumbi lokucoca ukutya
Ngokubanzi, igumbi lokucoca ukutya linokwahlulwahlulwa libe ziindawo ezintathu: indawo yemveliso ngokubanzi, indawo yokucoca eyongezelelweyo, kunye nendawo yemveliso ecocekileyo.
(1). Indawo yemveliso ngokubanzi (indawo engacocekanga): izinto eziluhlaza ngokubanzi, imveliso egqityiweyo, indawo yokugcina izixhobo, indawo yokudlulisa imveliso egqityiweyo epakishiweyo kunye nezinye iindawo ezinomngcipheko omncinci wokuvezwa kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo, njengegumbi lokupakisha langaphandle, indawo yokugcina izinto eziluhlaza nezincedisayo, indawo yokugcina izinto zokupakisha, igumbi lokupakisha langaphandle, njl. Indawo yokusebenzela yokupakisha, indawo yokugcina imveliso egqityiweyo, njl.
(2). Indawo ecocekileyo encedisayo: Iimfuno zesibini, ezifana nokucubungula izinto eziluhlaza, ukucubungula izinto zokupakisha, ukupakisha, igumbi le-buffer (igumbi lokukhupha izinto), igumbi lemveliso nelokucubungula ngokubanzi, igumbi lokupakisha ukutya elingakulungelanga ukutyiwa kunye nezinye iindawo apho iimveliso ezigqityiweyo zicutshungulwa kodwa zingavezwanga ngqo.
(3). Indawo yemveliso ecocekileyo: ibhekisa kwindawo enemfuno eziphezulu zokusingqongileyo okucocekileyo, abasebenzi abaphezulu kunye neemfuno zokusingqongileyo, kwaye kufuneka ihlanjululwe kwaye itshintshwe ngaphambi kokuba ingene, njenge: iindawo zokucubungula apho izinto eziluhlaza kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo zibonakala khona, amagumbi okucubungula abandayo okutya okutyiwayo, kunye namagumbi okupholisa okutya okusele kutyiwe. Indawo yokugcina ukutya okusele kutyiwe okuza kupakishwa, igumbi lokupakisha elingaphakathi lokutya okusele kutyiwe, njl.njl.
① Igumbi lokucoca ukutya kufuneka liphephe imithombo yongcoliseko, ungcoliseko oludibanisayo, ukuxubana kunye neempazamo kakhulu ngexesha lokukhetha indawo, uyilo, uyilo, ulwakhiwo kunye nohlaziyo.
②Indawo yefektri icocekile kwaye icocekile, kwaye ukuhamba kwabantu kunye nempahla kuyaqondakala.
③Kufanele kubekho amanyathelo afanelekileyo okulawula ukungena ukuze kuthintelwe abantu abangagunyaziswanga ukuba bangene.
④Gcina idatha yokwakha nokugqitywa kokwakhiwa.
⑤ Izakhiwo ezinomoya ongcolileyo kakhulu ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso kufuneka zakhiwe kwicala elinomoya ophantsi kwindawo yefektri apho icala lomoya lilelona likhulu unyaka wonke.
⑥ Xa iinkqubo zemveliso ezichaphazela enye kwenye zingafanelekanga ukuba zibekwe kwisakhiwo esinye, kufuneka kubekho amanyathelo okwahlulahlula phakathi kweendawo zemveliso ezifanelekileyo. Imveliso yeemveliso ezivundisiweyo kufuneka ibe neworkshop yokuvundisa ekhethekileyo.
3. Iimfuneko zeendawo zemveliso ezicocekileyo
① Iinkqubo ezifuna ukungasebenzi kakuhle kodwa ezingenakusebenzisa ukubulala iintsholongwane ezipheleleyo kunye neenkqubo ezinokuphumeza ukungasebenzi kakuhle kokubulala iintsholongwane kodwa ezisebenza ngendlela engenabungozi emva kokubulala iintsholongwane kufuneka zenziwe kwiindawo zemveliso ezicocekileyo.
② Indawo yemveliso ecocekileyo eneemfuno ezifanelekileyo zendalo yemveliso ecocekileyo kufuneka ibandakanye iindawo zokugcina nokucubungula ukutya okonakalayo, iimveliso ezisele zigqityiwe ukutyiwa okanye iimveliso ezigqityiweyo ngaphambi kokuba zipholile okanye zipakishwe, kunye neendawo zokucubungula kwangaphambili izinto eziluhlaza ezingenakususwa ngokupheleleyo, ukuvalwa kwemveliso, kunye neendawo zokubumba, indawo yokuvezwa emva kokucoca imveliso, indawo yokulungiselela izinto zokupakisha zangaphakathi kunye negumbi lokupakisha langaphakathi, kunye neendawo zokucubungula kunye namagumbi okuhlola ukuvelisa ukutya, ukuphuculwa kweempawu zokutya okanye ukugcinwa, njl.
③Indawo yemveliso ecocekileyo kufuneka ibekwe ngendlela efanelekileyo ngokwenkqubo yemveliso kunye neemfuno ezifanelekileyo zomgangatho wegumbi elicocekileyo. Uyilo lomgca wemveliso akufuneki lubangele ukungqubana kunye nokungaqhubeki.
④ Iindawo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenzela ezidityanisiweyo kwindawo yemveliso kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno zeentlobo ngeentlobo kunye neenkqubo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, kufuneka kubonelelwe ngamagumbi okugcina izinto ezingafunekiyo kunye nezinye iindlela zokuthintela ungcoliseko oludibanisayo. Ummandla wegumbi lokugcina izinto ezingafunekiyo akufuneki ube ngaphantsi kweemitha ezi-3 zesikwere.
⑤ Ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye nokuveliswa kwemveliso egqityiweyo akufuneki kusetyenziswe indawo efanayo ecocekileyo.
⑥ Beka bucala indawo nendawo kwindawo yokusebenzela yemveliso efanelekileyo kwisikali semveliso njengendawo yokugcina okwethutyana yezixhobo, iimveliso eziphakathi, iimveliso eziza kuhlolwa kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo, kwaye ukuwela, ukudideka kunye nongcoliseko kufuneka kuthintelwe ngokungqongqo.
⑦Igumbi lokuhlola kufuneka limiselwe ngokwalo, kwaye kuthathwe amanyathelo afanelekileyo okujongana nomsi kunye nokukhupha amanzi. Ukuba kukho iimfuno zokucoca umoya kwinkqubo yokuhlolwa kwemveliso, kufuneka kubekwe ibhentshi yokusebenzela ecocekileyo.
4. Iimfuneko zezalathi zokubeka esweni ucoceko kwiindawo zokucubungula ukutya
Indawo yokucubungula ukutya yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela ukhuseleko lokutya. Ke ngoko, iFood Partner Network yenze uphando lwangaphakathi kunye nengxoxo malunga neemfuno zokubeka esweni ucoceko lomoya kwiindawo zokucubungula ukutya.
(1). Iimfuneko zococeko kwimigangatho nemigaqo
Okwangoku, imithetho yokuhlolwa kwelayisenisi yemveliso yeziselo kunye neemveliso zobisi ineemfuno zokucoca umoya ococekileyo kwiindawo zokusebenza ezicocekileyo. Imithetho yoHlolo lweLayisensi yoMveliso weZiselo (uhlobo luka-2017) ichaza ukuba ukucoceka komoya (amasuntswana axhonyiweyo, iibhaktheriya zedizedi) kwindawo yokuvelisa amanzi okusela apakishiweyo kufuneka ifikelele kwiklasi ye-10000 xa inganyakazi, kwaye inxalenye yokuzalisa kufuneka ifikelele kwiklasi ye-1000, okanye ukucoceka ngokubanzi kufuneka kufikelele kwiklasi ye-1000; iziselo ze-carbohydrate Indawo yokusebenza ecocekileyo kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba ukujikeleza komoya kungaphezulu kwe-10 amaxesha ngeyure; indawo yokusebenza yokucoca iziselo eziqinileyo ineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokucoca umoya ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu kunye neemfuno zenkqubo yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeziselo eziqinileyo;
Ezinye iintlobo zeendawo zokucoca iziselo kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno zokucoca umoya ezifanelekileyo. Ukucoceka komoya xa kungashukumi kufuneka kufikelele ubuncinane kwiimfuno zeklasi ye-100000, njengokuveliswa kweemveliso zokusela ngokungathanga ngqo ezifana nolwelo oluxineneyo (iijusi, iipulps) kwimizi-mveliso yokutya, njl. Le mfuneko ingarhoxiswa.
Imithetho yophononongo oluneenkcukacha zeemeko zelayisenisi yokuveliswa kweemveliso zobisi (uhlobo luka-2010) kunye ne-"National Food Safety Standard Good Manufacturing Practice for Dairy Products" (GB12693) ifuna ukuba inani lilonke leekoloni zeebhaktheriya emoyeni kwindawo yokusebenza yokucoca ubisi lilawulwe ngaphantsi kwe-30CFU/isitya, kwaye imithetho eneenkcukacha ikwafuna ukuba amashishini angenise ingxelo yonyaka yovavanyo lokucoceka komoya ekhutshwe yi-arhente yokuhlola efanelekileyo.
Kwi-"National Food Safety Standard General Hygienic Specifications for Food Production" (GB 14881-2013) kunye nezinye iinkcukacha zococeko lwemveliso yemveliso, iindawo zokubeka iliso, izalathisi zokubeka iliso kunye nokuphindaphinda kokubeka iliso kwiintsholongwane eziphila kwindawo yokucubungula zibonakaliswa kakhulu ngendlela yezihlomelo, nto leyo enika iinkampani zokuvelisa ukutya izikhokelo zokubeka iliso.
Umzekelo, "iMigangatho yeSizwe yoKhuseleko lokutya kunye neKhowudi yoHlanzeko lweMveliso yeziselo" (GB 12695) icebisa ukucoca umoya ongqongileyo (ukuphelisa iintsholongwane (Static)) ≤10 pieces/(φ90mm·0.5h).
(2). Iimfuneko zokubeka esweni izalathisi zamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okucoceka
Ngokwale ngcaciso ingasentla, kunokubonwa ukuba iimfuno zokucoceka komoya kwindlela eqhelekileyo zijolise kakhulu kwiindawo zemveliso ezicocekileyo. Ngokwesikhokelo sokuSebenza se-GB14881: "Iindawo zemveliso ezicocekileyo zihlala ziquka iindawo zokugcina kunye nezokucubungula ngaphambi kokuba kupholiswe okanye kupakishwe ukutya okonakalayo, iimveliso ezisele zigqityiwe ukutyiwa okanye iimveliso ezigqityiweyo, kunye neendawo zokucubungula izinto eziluhlaza, ukubumba kunye nokuzalisa imveliso yokutya okungengokubulala iintsholongwane. Iindawo zokubonakalisa ngaphambi kokuba ukutya kungene kwindawo yokupakisha emva kokubulala iintsholongwane, kunye nezinye iindawo zokucubungula kunye nokuphatha ukutya ezinemingcipheko ephezulu yokungcola."
Imithetho nemigangatho eneenkcukacha zokuphononongwa kweziselo kunye neemveliso zobisi ifuna ngokucacileyo ukuba izalathisi zokujonga umoya ongqongileyo ziquka amasuntswana axhonyiweyo kunye neentsholongwane, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukujonga rhoqo ukuba ucoceko lwendawo yokucoca lusemgangathweni na. I-GB 12695 kunye ne-GB 12693 zifuna ukuba iibhaktheriya ze-sedimentation zilinganiswe ngokwendlela yendalo ye-sedimentation kwi-GB/T 18204.3.
"I-National Food Safety Standard Good Manufacturing Practice for Formula Foods for Special Medical Purposes" (GB 29923) kunye ne-"Production Review Plan for Sports Nutritional Foods" ekhutshwe yiBeijing, Jiangsu nakwezinye iindawo zichaza ukuba inani lothuli (amasuntswana axhonyiweyo) lilinganiswa ngokuhambelana ne-GB/T 16292. Imeko ayitshintshi.
5. Isebenza njani inkqubo yokucoca igumbi?
Indlela yoku-1: Umgaqo wokusebenza kweyunithi yokuphatha umoya + inkqubo yokucoca umoya + imibhobho yokuhambisa umoya ecocekileyo kwigumbi + iibhokisi ze-HEPA + inkqubo yemibhobho yokubuyisela umoya ecocekileyo kwigumbi ijikeleza rhoqo kwaye izalise umoya omtsha kwindawo yokusebenzela ecocekileyo kwigumbi ukuze kufezekiswe ucoceko olufunekayo kwindawo yemveliso.
Indlela yesi-2: Umgaqo wokusebenza we-FFU cleaner yomoya yemizi-mveliso efakwe kwisilingi yegumbi lokusebenzela elicocekileyo ukuze inike umoya ngqo kwigumbi elicocekileyo + inkqubo yomoya obuyayo + i-air conditioner efakwe eluphahleni ukuze iphole. Olu hlobo lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiimeko apho iimfuno zococeko lokusingqongileyo zingekho phezulu kakhulu, kwaye iindleko ziphantsi. Ezifana neeworkshops zokuvelisa ukutya, iiprojekthi zelebhu eziqhelekileyo zomzimba nezekhemikhali, amagumbi okupakisha imveliso, iiworkshops zokuvelisa izinto zokuthambisa, njl.
Ukukhethwa koyilo olwahlukeneyo lokuhambisa umoya kunye neenkqubo zokubuyisela umoya kumagumbi acocekileyo yinto ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okucoceka kwamagumbi acocekileyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Okthobha-19-2023