Ngokwesiqhelo umda wovavanyo lwegumbi elicocekileyo ubandakanya: uvavanyo lwegumbi elicocekileyo lokusingqongileyo, uvavanyo lokwamkelwa kobunjineli, kubandakanya ukutya, iimveliso zempilo, izithambiso, amanzi asebhotileni, iworkshop yokuvelisa ubisi, iworkshop yokuvelisa imveliso ye-elektroniki, iworkshop ye-GMP, igumbi lokusebenza esibhedlele, ilabhoratri yezilwanyana, i-biosafety. iilabhoratri, iikhabhathi zokhuseleko lwebhayoloji, iibhentshi ezicocekileyo, iindawo zokusebenzela ezingenathuli, iindibano zocweyo ezingenazintsholongwane, njl.
Umxholo wokuvavanya igumbi elicocekileyo: isantya somoya kunye nomthamo womoya, inani lokutshintsha komoya, ubushushu kunye nokufuma, umahluko woxinzelelo, amasuntswana othuli olumisiweyo, iibhaktheriya ezidadayo, iibhaktheriya ezizinzile, ingxolo, ukukhanya, njl njl. Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha, nceda ubhekisele kwimigangatho efanelekileyo yokucoca. uvavanyo lwegumbi.
Ukufunyaniswa kwamagumbi acocekileyo kufuneka kubonise ngokucacileyo imeko yawo yokuhlala.Iimeko ezahlukeneyo ziya kubangela iziphumo zovavanyo ezahlukeneyo.Ngokutsho kwe-"Code Room Design Code" (i-GB 50073-2001), uvavanyo lwegumbi olucocekileyo lwahlulwe lube ngamazwe amathathu: imeko engenanto, i-static state kunye ne-dynamic state.
(1) Isimo esingenanto: Indawo yakhiwe, onke amandla axhunyiwe kwaye ayasebenza, kodwa akukho zixhobo zokuvelisa, izixhobo kunye nabasebenzi.
(2) I-Static state yakhiwe, izixhobo zokuvelisa zifakwe, kwaye zisebenza njengoko kuvunyelwene ngumnini kunye nomthengisi, kodwa akukho basebenzi bokuvelisa.
(3) Ilizwe eliguqukayo lisebenza kwimeko ethile, linabasebenzi abakhethekileyo abakhoyo, kwaye lenza umsebenzi kwimeko ekuvunyelwene ngayo.
1. Isantya somoya, umthamo womoya kunye nenani lotshintsho lomoya
Ukucoceka kwamagumbi ahlambulukileyo kunye neendawo ezicocekileyo zifezwa ngokuyinhloko ngokuthumela umlinganiselo owaneleyo womoya ococekileyo ukuze uchithe kwaye uhlambulule izinto ezingcolileyo ezenziwe kwigumbi.Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulinganisa umthamo wokunikezelwa komoya, isantya somoya esiphakathi, ukufana kokunikezelwa komoya, indlela yokuhamba komoya kunye nepateni yokuhamba kwamagumbi acocekileyo okanye amaziko acocekileyo.
Ukugqitywa kokwamkelwa kweeprojekthi zamagumbi ahlambulukileyo, ilizwe lam "Ukwakhiwa kweGumbi eliCocayo kunye neNkcazo yokuVunywa" (JGJ 71-1990) ichaza ngokucacileyo ukuba uvavanyo kunye nohlengahlengiso kufuneka lwenziwe kwimeko engenanto okanye i-static state.Lo mmiselo unokuvavanya kwangexesha nangenjongo echanekileyo umgangatho weprojekthi, kwaye unokunqanda iingxabano ngokuvalwa kweprojekthi ngenxa yokusilela ukufikelela kwiziphumo eziguquguqukayo njengoko kucwangcisiwe.
Kuhlolo lwangempela lokugqitywa, iimeko ezimileyo ziqhelekile kwaye iimeko ezingenanto zinqabile.Ngenxa yokuba ezinye zezixhobo zenkqubo kwigumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka zibe kwindawo kwangaphambili.Ngaphambi kovavanyo lokucoceka, izixhobo zokusebenza kufuneka zicinywe ngononophelo ukuphepha ukuchaphazela idatha yovavanyo.Imigaqo ekwi-"Clean Room Construction and Acceptance Specifications" (GB50591-2010) eyaphunyezwa ngoFebruwari 1, 2011 igxininisa ngakumbi: "16.1.2 Ubume begumbi elicocekileyo ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwahlulahlulwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: uvavanyo lohlengahlengiso lobunjineli kufuneka ingabi nanto, Ukuhlolwa kunye nokuhlolwa kwemihla ngemihla yokwamkelwa kweprojekthi kufuneka kube yinto engenanto okanye i-static, ngelixa ukuhlolwa kunye nokubeka esweni ukwamkelwa kokusetyenziswa kufuneka kube namandla, imeko yokuhlola inokumiselwa ngothethwano phakathi komakhi (umsebenzisi) kunye ne iqela lokuhlola."
Ukuhamba kolwalathiso ngokuyinhloko kuxhomekeke kumoya ococekileyo ukutyhala kunye nokususa umoya ongcolileyo kwigumbi kunye nommandla wokugcina ukucoceka kwegumbi kunye nommandla.Ngoko ke, icandelo layo lokubonelela ngomoya isantya somoya kunye nokufana kweeparamitha ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela ukucoceka.Izantya zomoya eziphakamileyo nezifanayo ezinqamlezayo zinokususa ungcoliseko oluveliswe ziinkqubo zangaphakathi ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo, ke zizinto zokuvavanya igumbi elicocekileyo esigxile kuzo.
I-non-unidirectional flow flowing ikakhulu ixhomekeke kumoya ococekileyo ongenayo ukuze uhlambulule kwaye uhlambulule ukungcola kwigumbi kunye nommandla ukuze kugcinwe ukucoceka kwayo.Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba inani elikhulu lokutshintsha komoya kunye nepateni efanelekileyo yokuhamba komoya, ngcono umphumo wokuhlambulula uya kuba.Ngoko ke, umthamo wokunikezelwa komoya kunye neenguqu zomoya ezihambelanayo kumagumbi ahlambulukileyo angenawo isigaba esisodwa kunye neendawo ezicocekileyo zizinto zokuvavanya ukuhamba komoya eziye zatsala ingqalelo enkulu.
2. Ubushushu kunye nokufuma
Umlinganiselo wobushushu kunye nokufuma kumagumbi acocekileyo okanye iindibano zocweyo ezicocekileyo zinokohlulwa ngokubanzi zibe ngamanqanaba amabini: uvavanyo ngokubanzi kunye novavanyo olubanzi.Uvavanyo lokugqitywa kokwamkelwa kwimeko engenanto lufaneleke ngakumbi kwibakala elilandelayo;uvavanyo olubanzi lwentsebenzo kwimeko emileyo okanye eguquguqukayo ifaneleke ngakumbi kwibakala elilandelayo.Olu hlobo lovavanyo lufanelekile kwizihlandlo ezineemfuno ezingqongqo kwiqondo lokushisa kunye nokufuma.
Olu vavanyo lwenziwa emva kovavanyo lokufana komoya kunye nohlengahlengiso lwenkqubo yomoya.Ngeli xesha lovavanyo, inkqubo yokupholisa umoya isebenze kakuhle kwaye iimeko ezahlukeneyo zizinzile.Ubuncinci ukufaka inzwa yokufuma kwindawo nganye yokulawula ukufuma, kwaye unike inzwa ixesha elaneleyo lokuzinzisa.Umlinganiselo kufuneka ulungele ukusetyenziswa kwangempela de inzwa izinzile ngaphambi kokuqala ukulinganisa.Ixesha lokulinganisa kufuneka libe ngaphezu kwemizuzu emi-5.
3. Umahluko woxinzelelo
Olu hlobo lovavanyo kukuqinisekisa ukukwazi ukugcina umahluko othile woxinzelelo phakathi kwendawo egqityiweyo kunye nendawo engqongileyo, naphakathi kwendawo nganye kwiziko.Olu phawu lusebenza kuzo zo-3 iindawo zokuhlala.Olu vavanyo luyimfuneko.Ukubona ukuhlukana koxinzelelo kufuneka kuqhutywe kunye nazo zonke iingcango ezivaliweyo, ukuqala kuxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuya kuxinzelelo oluphantsi, ukusuka kwigumbi langaphakathi elikude ukusuka ngaphandle ngokubhekiselele kwisakhiwo, kwaye emva koko kuvavanywa ngaphandle ngokulandelelana.Amagumbi acocekileyo amabakala ahlukeneyo anemingxuma eqhagamsheleneyo anezalathiso zokuhamba komoya kuphela kwindawo yokungena.
Iimfuno zovavanyo umahluko woxinzelelo:
(1) Xa zonke iingcango kwindawo ecocekileyo zifunwa ukuba zivalwe, ukuhluka koxinzelelo lwe-static kulinganiswa.
(2) Kwigumbi elicocekileyo, qhubela phambili ngokulandelelana ukusuka phezulu ukuya kucoceko oluphantsi kude kube igumbi elinokufikelela ngokuthe ngqo ngaphandle lifunyenwe.
(3) Xa kungekho moya ohambayo kwigumbi, umlomo wombhobho wokulinganisa kufuneka usetwe kuyo nayiphi na indawo, kwaye umphezulu womlomo wetyhubhu wokulinganisa kufuneka uhambelane nokuhamba komoya.
(4) Idatha elinganisiweyo kunye nerekhodiweyo kufuneka ichaneke kwi-1.0Pa.
Amanyathelo okubona umahluko woxinzelelo:
(1) Vala zonke iingcango.
(2) Sebenzisa igeyiji yoxinzelelo olwahlukileyo ukulinganisa umahluko woxinzelelo phakathi kwegumbi ngalinye elicocekileyo, phakathi kweepaseji ezicocekileyo zegumbi, naphakathi kwepaseji kunye nelizwe langaphandle.
(3) Yonke idatha kufuneka irekhodwe.
Iimfuno zomgangatho woxinzelelo umahluko:
(1) Umahluko we-static yoxinzelelo phakathi kwamagumbi acocekileyo okanye iindawo ezicocekileyo zamanqanaba ahlukeneyo kunye namagumbi angacocekanga (iindawo) kufuneka zibe ngaphezu kwe-5Pa.
(2) Umahluko we-static yoxinzelelo phakathi kwegumbi elicocekileyo (indawo) kunye nangaphandle kufuneka libe ngaphezu kwe-10Pa.
(3) Kumagumbi acocekileyo acocekileyo ahamba ngokulinganayo anamanqanaba okucoceka komoya angqongqo kune-ISO 5 (I-Class100), xa ucango luvulwa, ugxininiso lothuli kwindawo yokusebenza yangaphakathi ye-0.6m ngaphakathi kocango kufuneka lube ngaphantsi komda woxinzelelo lothuli lwenqanaba elihambelanayo. .
(4) Ukuba ezi mfuno zomgangatho ongentla azifezekiswanga, umthamo womoya omtsha kunye nomthamo womoya wokukhupha kufuneka ulungiswe de ube ufanelekile.
4. Amasuntswana amisiweyo
(1) Abavavanyi bangaphakathi kufuneka banxibe iimpahla ezicocekileyo kwaye bafanele babe ncinane kunabantu ababini.Kufuneka zibekwe kwicala lomoya osezantsi kwindawo yovavanyo kwaye kude nendawo yovavanyo.Bafanele bahambe kancinci xa betshintsha amanqaku ukuphepha ukunyusa ukuphazamiseka kwabasebenzi kucoceko lwangaphakathi.
(2) Isixhobo kufuneka sisetyenziswe kwixesha lokulinganisa.
(3) Isixhobo kufuneka sihlanjululwe ngaphambi nangemva kovavanyo.
(4) Kwindawo yokuqukuqela engaguqukiyo, inkqubo ekhethiweyo yesampulu kufuneka isondele kwisampulu eguquguqukayo, kwaye ukutenxa kwesantya somoya esingena kuvavanyo lwesampulu kunye nesantya somoya esithathwayo kufuneka sibe ngaphantsi kwama-20%.Ukuba oku akwenziwanga, izibuko lesampulu kufuneka lijongane necala eliphambili lokuhamba komoya.Kwiindawo zesampulu eziqukuqelayo ezingezizo zonke, izibuko leisampulu kufuneka lithe nkqo phezulu.
(5) Umbhobho wokudibanisa ukusuka kwizibuko lesampulu ukuya kwi-sensor ye-particle counter particle kufuneka ibe mfutshane kangangoko.
5. Iintsholongwane ezidadayo
Inani lamanqaku okusampula asezantsi-indawo ephantsi ihambelana nenani lamanqaku anqunyanyisiweyo esampula.Amanqaku okulinganisa kwindawo yokusebenza malunga ne-0.8-1.2m ngaphezu komhlaba.Iindawo zokulinganisa kwiindawo zokuhambisa umoya zimalunga ne-30cm ukusuka kumphezulu wokunikezela komoya.Amanqaku okulinganisa anokongezwa kwizixhobo eziphambili okanye kwiindawo eziphambili zomsebenzi., indawo nganye yesampulu idla ngokuthathwa kube kanye.
6. Iibhaktheriya ezinzile
Sebenza kumgama we-0.8-1.2m ukusuka emhlabeni.Beka isitya sePetri esilungisiweyo kwindawo yesampulu.Vula ikhava yesitya sePetri.Emva kwexesha elichaziweyo, gubungela isitya sePetri kwakhona.Beka isitya sePetri kwi-incubator yobushushu engaguqukiyo ukuze ulinywe.Ixesha elifunekayo kwiiyure ezingama-48, ibhetshi nganye mayibe novavanyo lokulawula ukujonga ukungcoliseka kwendalo yenkcubeko.
7. Ingxolo
Ukuba ubude bokulinganisa bu malunga ne-1.2 yeemitha ukusuka emhlabeni kwaye indawo yegumbi elicocekileyo lingaphakathi kweemitha ezili-square ezili-15, inqaku elilodwa kuphela phakathi kwegumbi linokulinganiswa;ukuba indawo ingaphezulu kweemitha ezili-square ezili-15, amanqaku amane e-diagonal kufuneka alinganiswe, enye inqaku eli-1 ukusuka eludongeni olusecaleni, ukulinganisa amanqaku ajongene nekona nganye.
8. Ukukhanyisa
Indawo yokulinganisa imalunga ne-0.8 yeemitha ukusuka emhlabeni, kwaye amanqaku ahlelwe ngeemitha ezi-2 ngaphandle.Kumagumbi ngaphakathi kwe-30 square metres, iindawo zokulinganisa ziyi-0.5 yeemitha ukusuka eludongeni olusecaleni.Kumagumbi amakhulu kune-30 square metres, iindawo zokulinganisa ziyi-1 mitha ukusuka eludongeni.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-14-2023