Ngokwesiqhelo uluhlu lovavanyo lwegumbi elicocekileyo luquka: uvavanyo lomgangatho wokusingqongileyo kwegumbi elicocekileyo, uvavanyo lokwamkelwa kobunjineli, kubandakanya ukutya, iimveliso zempilo, izinto zokuthambisa, amanzi asebhotileni, iworkshop yokuvelisa ubisi, iworkshop yokuvelisa imveliso ye-elektroniki, iworkshop ye-GMP, igumbi lokusebenza lesibhedlele, ilabhoratri yezilwanyana, iilabhoratri zokhuseleko lwebhayoloji, iikhabhathi zokhuseleko lwebhayoloji, iibhentshi ezicocekileyo, iiworkshop ezingenathuli, iiworkshop ezicocekileyo, njl.
Umxholo wovavanyo lwegumbi elicocekileyo: isantya somoya kunye nomthamo womoya, inani lotshintsho lomoya, ubushushu kunye nokufuma, umahluko kuxinzelelo, amasuntswana othuli axhonyiweyo, iintsholongwane ezidadayo, iintsholongwane ezizinzileyo, ingxolo, ukukhanya, njl. Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha, nceda ujonge imigangatho efanelekileyo yovavanyo lwegumbi elicocekileyo.
Ukufunyanwa kwamagumbi acocekileyo kufanele kuchaze ngokucacileyo imeko yawo yokuhlala. Iimeko ezahlukeneyo ziya kubangela iziphumo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo. Ngokwe-"Clean Room Design Code" (GB 50073-2001), uvavanyo lwamagumbi acocekileyo lwahlulwe lwaba ziimeko ezintathu: imeko engenanto, imeko engashukumiyo kunye nemeko eguquguqukayo.
(1) Imeko engenanto: Isakhiwo sakhiwe, wonke umbane uqhagamshelwe kwaye uyasebenza, kodwa akukho zixhobo zemveliso, izixhobo kunye nabasebenzi.
(2) I-static state yakhiwe, izixhobo zemveliso zifakiwe, kwaye zisebenza njengoko kuvunyelwene ngumnini kunye nomthengisi, kodwa akukho basebenzi bemveliso.
(3) Imeko eguqukayo isebenza kwimeko ethile, inabasebenzi abathile abakhoyo, kwaye yenza umsebenzi kwimeko evunyelweneyo.
1. Isantya somoya, umthamo womoya kunye nenani lotshintsho lomoya
Ukucoceka kwamagumbi acocekileyo kunye neendawo ezicocekileyo kufezekiswa ngokuthumela umoya ococekileyo owaneleyo ukuze kususwe kwaye kuncitshiswe iinxalenye ezingcolisayo eziveliswa kwigumbi. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko kakhulu ukulinganisa umthamo womoya, isantya somoya esiphakathi, ukufana komoya, indlela ohamba ngayo umoya kunye nepatheni yokuhamba kwamagumbi acocekileyo okanye izixhobo ezicocekileyo.
Ukuze kwamkelwe ngokupheleleyo iiprojekthi zamagumbi acocekileyo, "iiNkcukacha zoKwakhiwa kweGumbi elicocekileyo kunye noKwamkelwa" zelizwe lam (JGJ 71-1990) zicacisa ngokucacileyo ukuba uvavanyo kunye nohlengahlengiso kufuneka lwenziwe kwimeko engenanto okanye kwimeko engaguqukiyo. Lo mgaqo unokuvavanya umgangatho weprojekthi ngexesha elifanelekileyo nangokungakhethi cala, kwaye unokuthintela iingxabano malunga nokuvalwa kweprojekthi ngenxa yokungaphumeleli ukufezekisa iziphumo eziguquguqukayo njengoko bekucwangcisiwe.
Kuvavanyo lokugqiba, iimeko ezingashukumiyo zixhaphakile kwaye iimeko ezingenanto azixhaphakanga. Kuba ezinye zezixhobo zenkqubo kwigumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka zibe sezikhona kwangaphambili. Ngaphambi kovavanyo lococeko, izixhobo zenkqubo kufuneka zisulwe ngononophelo ukuze zingachaphazeli idatha yovavanyo. Imigaqo eku-"Clean Room Construction and Acceptance Specifications" (GB50591-2010) eyaqaliswa ngoFebruwari 1, 2011 icacile ngakumbi: "16.1.2 Imeko yokuhlala kwigumbi elicocekileyo ngexesha lokuhlolwa yahlulwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: uvavanyo lohlengahlengiso lobunjineli kufuneka lube lungenanto, Ukuhlolwa kunye nokuhlolwa kwemihla ngemihla kokwamkelwa kweprojekthi kufuneka kube lungenanto okanye lunganyakazi, ngelixa ukuhlolwa kunye nokubeka iliso kokwamkelwa kokusetyenziswa kufuneka kube yinto eguquguqukayo. Xa kuyimfuneko, imeko yokuhlolwa inokugqitywa ngokuthethathethana phakathi komakhi (umsebenzisi) kunye neqela lokuhlola."
Ukuhamba komoya kwicala elithile kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekuphumeni komoya ococekileyo ukuze kutyhalwe kwaye kususwe umoya ongcolisiweyo kwigumbi nakwindawo ukuze kugcinwe ucoceko lwegumbi nendawo. Ke ngoko, isantya somoya kunye nokufana kwecandelo lokubonelela ngomoya zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela ucoceko. Isantya somoya esiphezulu nesifanayo esinqumlayo sinokususa ukungcola okuveliswa ziinkqubo zangaphakathi ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo, ngoko ke zizinto zokuvavanya igumbi elicocekileyo esigxila kuzo kakhulu.
Ukuhamba komoya okungakhethi cala kuxhomekeke kakhulu kumoya ococekileyo ongenayo ukuze kuncitshiswe kwaye kuncitshiswe ukungcola kwigumbi nakwindawo ukuze kugcinwe ucoceko lwalo. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba okukhona inani lotshintsho lomoya liphezulu kwaye kukho indlela efanelekileyo yokuhamba komoya, kokukhona isiphumo sokuxuba siya kuba ngcono. Ke ngoko, umthamo womoya kunye notshintsho lomoya oluhambelanayo kumagumbi acocekileyo okuhamba komoya angenasigaba esinye kunye neendawo ezicocekileyo zizinto zokuvavanya ukuhamba komoya eziye zatsala ingqalelo enkulu.
2. Ubushushu kunye nokufuma
Ukulinganiswa kobushushu kunye nokufuma kumagumbi acocekileyo okanye kwiindawo zokusebenzela ezicocekileyo ngokubanzi kunokwahlulwahlulwa kube ngamanqanaba amabini: uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo kunye novavanyo olupheleleyo. Uvavanyo lokwamkelwa kokugqiba kwindawo engenanto lufanelekile ngakumbi kwibanga elilandelayo; uvavanyo olupheleleyo lokusebenza kwimeko engaguqukiyo okanye eguquguqukayo lufanelekile ngakumbi kwibanga elilandelayo. Olu hlobo lovavanyo lufanelekile kwiimeko ezineemfuno ezingqongqo zobushushu kunye nokufuma.
Olu vavanyo lwenziwa emva kovavanyo lokufana komoya kunye nohlengahlengiso lwenkqubo yomoya. Ngeli xesha lovavanyo, inkqubo yomoya isebenze kakuhle kwaye iimeko ezahlukeneyo ziye zazinza. Ubuncinci ukufaka isensa yomswakama kwindawo nganye yolawulo lomswakama, kwaye unike isensa ixesha elaneleyo lokuzinza. Umlinganiselo kufuneka ulungele ukusetyenziswa kwangempela de isensa ihlale izinzile ngaphambi kokuba iqale umlinganiselo. Ixesha lokulinganisa kufuneka libe ngaphezulu kwemizuzu emi-5.
3. Umahluko woxinzelelo
Olu hlobo lovavanyo luqinisekisa ukukwazi ukugcina umahluko othile woxinzelelo phakathi kwesakhiwo esigqityiweyo kunye nendawo engqongileyo, kunye naphakathi kwendawo nganye kwiziko. Olu vavanyo lusebenza kuzo zonke iindawo ezintathu zokuhlala. Olu vavanyo alunakuphikiswa. Ukuchonga umahluko woxinzelelo kufuneka kwenziwe zonke iingcango zivaliwe, ukuqala kuxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuya kuxinzelelo oluphantsi, ukuqala kwigumbi elingaphakathi elikude kakhulu nangaphandle ngokwendlela yoyilo, uze emva koko uvavanye ngaphandle ngokulandelelana. Amagumbi acocekileyo eeklasi ezahlukeneyo anemingxuma edibeneyo anemiyalelo efanelekileyo yokuhamba komoya kuphela kwiingcango.
Iimfuno zovavanyo lomahluko woxinzelelo:
(1) Xa zonke iingcango ezikwindawo ecocekileyo kufuneka zivalwe, umahluko woxinzelelo olungashukumiyo uyalinganiswa.
(2) Kwigumbi elicocekileyo, qhubeka ngolandelelwano ukusuka kwindawo ephezulu ukuya kwesezantsi yococeko de kufunyanwe igumbi elinokufikelela ngqo ngaphandle.
(3) Xa kungekho moya uphumayo egumbini, umlomo wetyhubhu yokulinganisa kufuneka ubekwe nakweyiphi na indawo, kwaye umphezulu womlomo wetyhubhu yokulinganisa kufuneka ulingane nolungelelwaniso lokuhamba komoya.
(4) Idatha elinganisiweyo nerekhodiweyo kufuneka ichaneke ukuya kwi-1.0Pa.
Amanyathelo okufumanisa umahluko woxinzelelo:
(1) Vala zonke iingcango.
(2) Sebenzisa i-differential pressure gauge ukulinganisa umahluko woxinzelelo phakathi kwegumbi ngalinye elicocekileyo, phakathi kwee-corridors zegumbi elicocekileyo, kunye naphakathi kwe-corridor kunye nehlabathi langaphandle.
(3) Yonke idatha mayirekhodwe.
Iimfuno eziqhelekileyo zomahluko woxinzelelo:
(1) Umahluko woxinzelelo olungashukumiyo phakathi kwamagumbi acocekileyo okanye iindawo ezicocekileyo zamanqanaba ahlukeneyo kunye namagumbi angacocekanga (iindawo) kufuneka ube ngaphezulu kwe-5Pa.
(2) Umahluko phakathi koxinzelelo olungashukumiyo phakathi kwegumbi elicocekileyo (indawo) kunye negumbi langaphandle kufuneka ube ngaphezulu kwe-10Pa.
(3) Kumagumbi acocekileyo okuhamba komoya ahamba kwicala elinye anemigangatho yococeko lomoya engqongqo kune-ISO 5 (Class100), xa ucango luvuliwe, uxinzelelo lothuli kumphezulu wokusebenza wangaphakathi oyi-0.6m ngaphakathi kocango kufuneka lube ngaphantsi komda woxinzelelo lothuli wenqanaba elifanelekileyo.
(4) Ukuba iimfuno ezisemgangathweni ezingasentla azifezekiswanga, umthamo womoya omtsha kunye nomthamo womoya ophumayo kufuneka uhlengahlengiswe de kube kufanelekile.
4. Amasuntswana axhonyiweyo
(1) Abavavanyi bangaphakathi kufuneka banxibe iimpahla ezicocekileyo kwaye babe ncinci kunabababini. Kufuneka babe kwicala elinomoya ophantsi kwindawo yovavanyo kwaye babe kude nendawo yovavanyo. Kufuneka bahambe kancinci xa betshintsha iindawo ukuze baphephe ukuphazamiseka kwabasebenzi malunga nococeko lwangaphakathi.
(2) Izixhobo mazisetyenziswe ngaphakathi kwexesha lokulinganisa.
(3) Izixhobo mazicocwe ngaphambi nasemva kovavanyo.
(4) Kwindawo yokuhamba komoya kwicala elinye, i-sampling probe ekhethiweyo kufuneka ibe kufutshane ne-dynamic sampling, kwaye ukuphambuka kwesantya somoya esingena kwi-sampling probe kunye nesantya somoya esithathwayo kufuneka sibe ngaphantsi kwama-20%. Ukuba oku akwenziwanga, i-sampling port kufuneka ijonge kwicala eliphambili lokuhamba komoya. Kwiindawo zokuthatha i-sampling flow ezingakho kwicala elinye, i-sampling port kufuneka inyuke ngokuthe nkqo.
(5) Umbhobho odibanisayo ukusuka kwizibuko lokuvavanya iisampulu ukuya kwisixhobo sokulinganisa uthuli kufuneka ube mfutshane kangangoko.
5. Iibhaktheriya ezidadayo
Inani leendawo zokulinganisa ezisezantsi lihambelana nenani leendawo zokulinganisa iisuntswana ezixhonyiweyo. Iindawo zokulinganisa kwindawo yokusebenza zimalunga ne-0.8-1.2m ngaphezu komhlaba. Iindawo zokulinganisa kwiindawo zokuhambisa umoya zimalunga ne-30cm ukusuka kumphezulu wokuhambisa umoya. Iindawo zokulinganisa zingongezwa kwizixhobo ezibalulekileyo okanye kwiindawo zomsebenzi ezibalulekileyo. , indawo nganye yokuvavanya idla ngokuthathwa isampuli kube kanye.
6. Iintsholongwane ezilungisiweyo
Sebenza kumgama we-0.8-1.2m ukusuka emhlabeni. Beka isitya sePetri esilungisiweyo kwindawo yokuthatha isampuli. Vula isiciko sesitya sePetri. Emva kwexesha elichaziweyo, gquma isitya sePetri kwakhona. Beka isitya sePetri kwi-incubator yobushushu obungaguqukiyo ukuze utyale. Ixesha elifunekayo ngaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-48, iqela ngalinye kufuneka libe novavanyo lolawulo ukujonga ukuba akukho ngcoliseko kwindawo yokukhulisa izityalo.
7. Ingxolo
Ukuba ubude bomlinganiselo bumalunga ne-1.2 yeemitha ukusuka emhlabeni kwaye indawo yegumbi elicocekileyo ingaphakathi kweemitha ezili-15 zesikwere, indawo enye kuphela embindini wegumbi inokulinganiswa; ukuba indawo ingaphezulu kweemitha ezili-15 zesikwere, amanqaku amane alinganayo nawo kufuneka alinganiswe, inqaku elinye ukusuka eludongeni olusecaleni, amanqaku okulinganisa ajonge kwikona nganye.
8. Ukukhanya
Umphezulu wendawo yokulinganisa umalunga neemitha eziyi-0.8 ukusuka emhlabeni, kwaye iindawo zokulinganisa zibekwe kwiimitha ezi-2 ukusuka komnye. Kumagumbi angaphakathi kweemitha ezingama-30 zesikwere, iindawo zokulinganisa zikude ngeemitha eziyi-0.5 ukusuka eludongeni olusecaleni. Kumagumbi amakhulu kuneemitha ezingama-30 zesikwere, iindawo zokulinganisa zikude ngemitha e-1 ukusuka eludongeni.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Sep-14-2023