Ngokwesiqhelo isetyenziswa kwimveliso okanye kuphando lwesayensi, igumbi elicocekileyo yindawo elawulwayo enezinga eliphantsi lokungcola okufana nothuli, iintsholongwane eziphuma emoyeni, amasuntswana e-aerosol, kunye nomphunga weekhemikhali. Ngokuchanekileyo, igumbi elicocekileyo linezinga elilawulwayo lokungcola elichazwe linani lamasuntswana nge-cubic meter ngobukhulu obuthile besuntswana. Umoya ojikeleze ngaphandle kwindawo eqhelekileyo yesixeko uqulethe amasuntswana angama-35,000,000 nge-cubic meter, i-0.5 micron kunye nobubanzi obukhulu, okuhambelana negumbi elicocekileyo le-ISO 9 elikwinqanaba eliphantsi lemigangatho yegumbi elicocekileyo.
Isishwankathelo seGumbi eliCocekileyo
Amagumbi acocekileyo asetyenziswa phantse kuzo zonke iimboni apho amasuntswana amancinci anokuchaphazela kakubi inkqubo yokwenziwa. Ahluka ngobukhulu nangobunzima, kwaye asetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini afana nokuveliswa kwe-semiconductor, amayeza, i-biotech, izixhobo zonyango kunye nesayensi yobomi, kunye nokuveliswa kweenkqubo ezibalulekileyo ezixhaphakileyo kwi-aerospace, i-optics, umkhosi kunye nesebe lamandla.
Igumbi elicocekileyo lilo naliphi na indawo equlathekileyo apho kwenziwa amalungiselelo okunciphisa ungcoliseko lwee-particles kunye nokulawula ezinye iiparameters zokusingqongileyo ezifana nobushushu, ukufuma kunye noxinzelelo. Icandelo eliphambili sisihluzo se-High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) esisetyenziselwa ukubamba amasuntswana angama-0.3 micron kwaye amakhulu ngobukhulu. Wonke umoya oziswa kwigumbi elicocekileyo udlula kwiifilitha ze-HEPA, kwaye kwezinye iimeko apho ukusebenza okungqongqo kococeko kuyimfuneko, kusetyenziswa iifilitha ze-Ultra Low Particulate Air (ULPA).
Abasebenzi abakhethelwe ukusebenza kumagumbi acocekileyo bafumana uqeqesho olubanzi kwithiyori yokulawula ungcoliseko. Bangena baze baphume kwigumbi elicocekileyo ngee-airlocks, ii-air shawars kunye/okanye amagumbi okunxiba, kwaye kufuneka banxibe impahla ekhethekileyo eyenzelwe ukubamba ungcoliseko oluveliswa lulusu nomzimba ngokwendalo.
Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo okanye umsebenzi wegumbi, iimpahla zabasebenzi zinokulinganiselwa njengeengubo zelebhu kunye neenethi zeenwele, okanye zibe zininzi njengoko zigqunywe ngokupheleleyo ziisuti zeemvundla ezininzi ezinee-layered kunye nezixhobo zokuphefumla ezizimeleyo.
Impahla yegumbi ecocekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukuba izinto zingaphumi emzimbeni womntu onxibe impahla kwaye zingcolise okusingqongileyo. Impahla yegumbi ecocekileyo ngokwayo akufuneki ikhuphe amasuntswana okanye imicu ukuthintela ukungcoliswa kokusingqongileyo ngabasebenzi. Olu hlobo lokungcoliswa kwabasebenzi lunokonakalisa ukusebenza kwemveliso kwimizi-mveliso ye-semiconductor kunye neyamayeza kwaye lunokubangela usulelo oludibeneyo phakathi kwabasebenzi bezonyango kunye nezigulane kushishino lwezempilo umzekelo.
Iimpahla zegumbi ezicocekileyo ziquka izihlangu, izihlangu, ii-apron, izigqubuthelo zeendevu, ii-bouffant caps, ii-coveralls, ii-face masks, ii-frocks/lab coats, ii-gowns, ii-glove kunye nee-finger cots, ii-hairnet, ii-hoods, ii-sleeves kunye nee-shoe cots. Uhlobo lweempahla zegumbi ezicocekileyo ezisetyenziswayo kufuneka zibonise iinkcukacha zegumbi elicocekileyo kunye nemveliso. Amagumbi acocekileyo aphantsi anokufuna kuphela izihlangu ezikhethekileyo ezinee-soles ezigudileyo ezingangeni eluthulini okanye edakeni. Nangona kunjalo, izihlangu ezisezantsi akufuneki zibangele iingozi zokutyibilika kuba ukhuseleko luhlala lubalulekile. Isuti yegumbi ecocekileyo idla ngokufuneka ukuze ungene kwigumbi elicocekileyo. Amagumbi acocekileyo eklasi ye-10,000 anokusebenzisa ii-smocks ezilula, ii-head coats, kunye nee-booties. Kumagumbi acocekileyo eklasi ye-10, kufuneka iindlela zokunxiba ii-gown ezine-zip cover, ii-boots, ii-gloves kunye ne-respirator enclosure epheleleyo.
Imigaqo Yokuhamba Komoya Ecocekileyo Egumbini
Amagumbi acocekileyo agcina umoya ungenazo iinxalenye ngokusebenzisa izihluzi ze-HEPA okanye ze-ULPA ezisebenzisa imigaqo ye-laminar okanye ye-turbulent air flow. Iinkqubo ze-Laminar, okanye ze-unidirectional, zokuhambisa umoya ziqondisa umoya ohluziweyo ezantsi kumjelo ongaguqukiyo. Iinkqubo zokuhamba komoya ze-Laminar zihlala zisetyenziswa kwi-100% yesilingi ukugcina ukuhamba komoya ongaguqukiyo. Iikhrayitheriya zokuhamba kwe-Laminar zihlala zichazwe kwiindawo zokusebenza eziphathwayo (ii-LF hoods), kwaye ziyalelwe kumagumbi acocekileyo ahlelwe yi-ISO-1 ukuya kwi-ISO-4.
Uyilo olufanelekileyo lwegumbi elicocekileyo luquka yonke inkqubo yokusasazwa komoya, kuquka amalungiselelo okubuyisela umoya okwaneleyo, okusezantsi. Kumagumbi okuhamba ngokuthe nkqo, oku kuthetha ukusetyenziswa kokubuya komoya ophantsi eludongeni olujikeleze ummandla. Kwizicelo zokuhamba okuthe tye, kufuna ukusetyenziswa kokubuya komoya kumda osezantsi wenkqubo. Ukusetyenziswa kokubuya komoya ofakwe eluphahleni kuyaphikisana noyilo olufanelekileyo lwenkqubo yegumbi elicocekileyo.
Uhlu lweGumbi olucocekileyo
Amagumbi acocekileyo ahlulwe ngokwendlela umoya ococekileyo ngayo. Kwi-Federal Standard 209 (A ukuya ku-D) yase-USA, inani lamasuntswana alingana nangaphezu kwe-0.5µm lilinganiswa kwi-cubic foot enye yomoya, kwaye eli nani lisetyenziselwa ukwahlula igumbi elicocekileyo. Olu luhlu lwamagama lukwamkelwe kwinguqulelo yamva nje ye-209E yoMgangatho. I-Federal Standard 209E isetyenziswa apha ekhaya. Umgangatho omtsha yi-TC 209 evela kwi-International Standards Organisation. Zombini imigangatho ihlula igumbi elicocekileyo ngenani lamasuntswana afumaneka emoyeni webhubhoratri. Imigangatho yokwahlula igumbi elicocekileyo i-FS 209E kunye ne-ISO 14644-1 ifuna umlinganiselo othile wokubalwa kwamasuntswana kunye nokubala ukwahlula inqanaba lokucoceka kwegumbi elicocekileyo okanye indawo ecocekileyo. E-UK, iBritish Standard 5295 isetyenziselwa ukwahlula amagumbi acocekileyo. Lo mgangatho uza kuthathelwa indawo yi-BS EN ISO 14644-1.
Amagumbi acocekileyo ahlulwe ngokwenani kunye nobukhulu bee-particles ezivumelekileyo ngomthamo womoya. Amanani amakhulu afana ne-"class 100" okanye "class 1000" abhekisa kwi-FED_STD-209E, kwaye abonisa inani lee-particles ezinobukhulu obuyi-0.5 µm okanye ngaphezulu ezivumelekileyo nge-cubic foot yomoya. Umgangatho ukwavumela ukutolikwa, ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ukuchaza umz. "class 2000."
Amanani amancinci abhekisa kwimigangatho ye-ISO 14644-1, echaza i-decimal logarithm yenani lamasuntswana angama-0.1 µm okanye amakhulu avumelekileyo nge-cubic meter yomoya. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, igumbi elicocekileyo le-ISO class 5 linamasuntswana angama-105 = 100,000 nge-m³ nganye.
Zombini i-FS 209E kunye ne-ISO 14644-1 zithatha ubudlelwane belog-log phakathi kobukhulu beparticle kunye noxinzelelo lweparticle. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, akukho nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-zero particle concentration. Umoya oqhelekileyo wegumbi umalunga neklasi ye-1,000,000 okanye i-ISO 9.
Imigangatho ye-ISO 14644-1 yokuCoca amagumbi
| Iklasi | Ubuninzi beeParticles/m3 | I-FED STD 209EEequivalent | |||||
| >=0.1 µm | >=0.2 µm | >=0.3 µm | >=0.5 µm | >=1 µm | >=5 µm | ||
| I-ISO 1 | 10 | 2 | |||||
| I-ISO 2 | 100 | 24 | 10 | 4 | |||
| I-ISO 3 | 1,000 | 237 | 102 | 35 | 8 | Iklasi 1 | |
| I-ISO 4 | 10,000 | 2,370 | 1,020 | 352 | 83 | Iklasi ye-10 | |
| I-ISO 5 | 100,000 | 23,700 | 10,200 | 3,520 | 832 | 29 | Iklasi ye-100 |
| I-ISO 6 | 1,000,000 | 237,000 | 102,000 | 35,200 | 8,320 | 293 | Iklasi ye-1,000 |
| I-ISO 7 | 352,000 | 83,200 | 2,930 | Iklasi ye-10,000 | |||
| I-ISO 8 | 3,520,000 | 832,000 | 29,300 | Iklasi ye-100,000 | |||
| I-ISO 9 | 35,200,000 | 8,320,000 | 293,000 | Umoya wegumbi | |||
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-29-2023