Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa okanye uphando lwezesayensi, igumbi elicocekileyo yindawo elawulwayo enezinga eliphantsi lezinto ezingcolisayo ezifana nothuli, i-microbes emoyeni, i-aerosol particles, kunye nomphunga wamachiza. Ukuchaneka, igumbi elicocekileyo linezinga elilawulwayo lokungcoliseka elichazwe ngenani leengqungquthela kwi-cubic meter kwi-particle echaziweyo. Umoya ojikeleze ngaphandle kwindawo eqhelekileyo yedolophu iqulethe i-35,000,000 i-particle per cubic meter, i-0.5 micron kunye ne-diameter enkulu, ehambelana ne-ISO 9 igumbi elicocekileyo elilelona nqanaba lisezantsi lemigangatho yegumbi elicocekileyo.
Coca Room Overview
Amagumbi acocekileyo asetyenziswa phantse kuwo onke amashishini apho amasuntswana amancinci anokuthi achaphazele kakubi inkqubo yokuvelisa. Ziyahluka ngobukhulu kunye nobunzima, kwaye zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini afana nokuveliswa kwe-semiconductor, amayeza, i-biotech, izixhobo zonyango kunye nesayensi yobomi, kunye nenkqubo ebalulekileyo yokuvelisa eziqhelekileyo kwi-aerospace, optics, umkhosi kunye nesebe lamandla.
Igumbi elicocekileyo lilo naliphi na isithuba esiqulathiweyo apho amalungiselelo enziwayo ukuze kuncitshiswe ungcoliseko oluthile kunye nokulawula ezinye iiparamitha zokusingqongileyo ezifana nobushushu, ukufuma kunye noxinzelelo. Inxalenye ephambili sisihluzo esiPhezulu seNgxelo yoMoya (HEPA) esetyenziselwa ukubambisa amasuntswana angama-0.3 micron kunye nobukhulu obukhulu. Wonke umoya ohanjiswa kwigumbi elicocekileyo udlula kwizihluzi ze-HEPA, kwaye kwezinye iimeko apho ucoceko olungqongqo luyimfuneko, izihluzi ze-Ultra Low Particulate Air (ULPA) zisetyenziswa.
Abasebenzi abakhethelwe ukusebenza kumagumbi acocekileyo bafumana uqeqesho olubanzi kwithiyori yokulawula ukosuleleka. Bangena kwaye baphume kwigumbi elicocekileyo ngezitshixo zomoya, iishawara zomoya kunye/okanye namagumbi okunxiba, kwaye kufuneka banxibe iimpahla ezikhethekileyo ezenzelwe ukubambisa ungcoliseko oluveliswa ngokwendalo lusu nomzimba.
Kuxhomekeka kuhlelo lwegumbi okanye umsebenzi walo, izambatho zabasebenzi zisenokulinganiselwa njengeedyasi zaselebhu kunye neenethi zeenwele, okanye zibe zibanzi njengoko zigutyungelwe ngokupheleleyo kwiisuti ezineeleyibheli ezininzi ezinezixhobo zokuphefumla.
Impahla yegumbi ecocekileyo isetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukukhutshwa kwezinto emzimbeni womntu ozinxibileyo kwaye zingcolise indawo esingqongileyo. Impahla yegumbi ecocekileyo ngokwayo akufunekanga ikhuphe amasuntswana okanye imicu ukuthintela ukungcoliseka kokusingqongileyo ngabasebenzi. Olu hlobo longcoliseko lwabasebenzi lunokunciphisa ukusebenza kwemveliso kwi-semiconductor kunye namashishini amayeza kwaye kunokubangela ukusuleleka phakathi kwabasebenzi bezonyango kunye nezigulane kwishishini lezempilo ngokomzekelo.
Iimpahla zegumbi ezicocekileyo ziquka iibhuthi, izihlangu, iifaskoti, izigqubuthelo zeendevu, ii-bouffant caps, ii-coverall, iimaski zobuso, ii-frocks/lab coats, i-gowns, iglavu kunye ne-finger cots, i-hairnets, i-hoods, i-sleeve kunye nezihlangu zezihlangu. Uhlobo lweempahla zegumbi ezicocekileyo ezisetyenzisiweyo kufuneka lubonise igumbi elicocekileyo kunye neenkcukacha zemveliso. Amagumbi acocekileyo akumgangatho ophantsi anokufuna kuphela izihlangu ezikhethekileyo ezineesoli ezigudileyo ngokupheleleyo ezingalandeleliyo eluthulini okanye ebumdaka. Nangona kunjalo, izihlangu ezisezantsi akufuneki zidale iingozi ezityibilikayo kuba ukhuseleko luhlala luhamba phambili. Isuti yegumbi elicocekileyo idla ngokufuneka xa ungena kwigumbi elicocekileyo. Amagumbi acocekileyo eklasi ye-10,000 anokusebenzisa itsikidi, izinto zokugquma entloko, neebhutsi. Kumagumbi acocekileyo eKlasi le-10, inkqubo yokunxiba igawuni ngocoselelo enesigqubuthelo esizip zonke, iibhutsi, iiglavu kunye nendawo ebiyelweyo yokuphefumla iyafuneka.
IGumbi elicocekileyo leMigaqo yokuHamba komoya
Amagumbi acocekileyo agcina umoya ongenanto ngokusebenzisa i-HEPA okanye i-ULPA yokucoca esebenzisa i-laminar okanye imigaqo yokuhamba komoya enesiphithiphithi. I-Laminar, okanye i-unidirectional, i-air flow systems iqondisa umoya ocociweyo ezantsi kumsinga ongaguqukiyo. Iinkqubo zokuhamba komoya weLaminar zidla ngokuqeshwa kwi-100% yesilingi ukugcina ukuqukuqela okungaguqukiyo okungaguqukiyo. Iikhrayitheriya zokuhamba kwe-Laminar zichazwe ngokubanzi kwizikhululo zokusebenza eziphathekayo (ii-LF hoods), kwaye zigunyaziswe kwi-ISO-1 nge-ISO-4 ehlelwe ngamagumbi acocekileyo.
Uyilo olufanelekileyo lwegumbi elicocekileyo lubandakanya yonke inkqubo yokuhambisa umoya, kubandakanywa amalungiselelo okwaneleyo, ukubuyiswa komoya osezantsi. Kumagumbi okuhamba athe nkqo, oku kuthetha ukusetyenziswa komoya osezantsi eludongeni obuyayo ujikeleze umjikelezo wezowuni. Kwizicelo zokuqukuqela okuthe tye, kufuna ukusetyenziswa kwembuyekezo yomoya kumda osezantsi wenkqubo. Ukusetyenziswa kwesilingi efakwe kwimbuyekezo yomoya iyaphikisana noyilo olufanelekileyo lwesixokelelwano segumbi.
Ukuhlelwa kweGumbi elicocekileyo
Amagumbi acocekileyo ahlelwa ngendlela ococeke ngayo umoya. KuMgangatho woMdibaniso wama-209 (A ukuya ku-D) wase-USA, inani lamasuntswana alingana kunye nangaphezulu kwe-0.5µm lilinganiselwa kwi-cubic foot eyodwa yomoya, kwaye olu balo lusetyenziselwa ukwahlula igumbi elicocekileyo. Le metric nomenclature yamkelwe kolona guqulelo lwamva nje lwe-209E loMgangatho. Federal Standard 209E isetyenziswa ekhaya. Umgangatho omtsha yi-TC 209 evela kuMbutho weMigangatho yeHlabathi. Yomibini imigangatho ihlela igumbi elicocekileyo ngenani lamasuntswana afunyenwe emoyeni welabhoratri. Imigangatho yokuhlelwa kwegumbi elicocekileyo i-FS 209E kunye ne-ISO 14644-1 idinga imilinganiselo ethile yokubala imilinganiselo kunye nokubala ukuhlelwa kwenqanaba lokucoceka kwegumbi elicocekileyo okanye indawo ecocekileyo. E-UK, iBritish Standard 5295 isetyenziselwa ukwahlula amagumbi acocekileyo. Lo mgangatho sele uza kuthatyathelwa indawo yi-BS EN ISO 14644-1.
Amagumbi acocekileyo ahlelwa ngokwenani kunye nobukhulu bamaqhekeza avunyelwe ngokomthamo womoya. Amanani amakhulu afana ne-"class 100" okanye "class 1000" abhekiselele kwi-FED_STD-209E, kwaye abonise inani lamasuntswana obungakanani obuyi-0.5 µm okanye amakhulu avumelekileyo kwi-cubic foot nganye yomoya. Umgangatho ukwavumela ukutolikwa, ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ukuchaza umzekelo "iklasi 2000."
Amanani amancinane abhekisa kwimigangatho ye-ISO 14644-1, echaza idesimali yelogarithm yenani lamasuntswana angama-0.1 µm okanye amakhulu avumelekileyo kwi-cubic meter nganye yomoya. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, igumbi elicocekileyo le-ISO lodidi lwesi-5 linobuninzi be-105 = 100,000 amasuntswana kwim³.
Zombini i-FS 209E kunye ne-ISO 14644-1 zithatha ubudlelwane belog-log phakathi kobungakanani besuntswana kunye nokuxinana kwamasuntswana. Ngenxa yeso sizathu, akukho nto injenge-zero particle concentration. Umoya wegumbi eliqhelekileyo umalunga neklasi ye-1,000,000 okanye i-ISO 9.
I-ISO 14644-1 Imigangatho yeGumbi ecocekileyo
| Iklasi | Ubuninzi baMasuntswana/m3 | I-FED STD 209EE elinganayo | |||||
| >=0.1 µm | >=0.2 µm | >=0.3 µm | >=0.5 µm | >=1 µm | >=5 µm | ||
| ISO 1 | 10 | 2 | |||||
| ISO 2 | 100 | 24 | 10 | 4 | |||
| ISO 3 | 1,000 | 237 | 102 | 35 | 8 | Iklasi yoku-1 | |
| ISO 4 | 10,000 | 2,370 | 1,020 | 352 | 83 | Iklasi ye-10 | |
| ISO 5 | 100,000 | 23,700 | 10,200 | 3,520 | 832 | 29 | Iklasi ye-100 |
| ISO 6 | 1,000,000 | 237,000 | 102,000 | 35,200 | 8,320 | 293 | Iklasi ye-1,000 |
| ISO 7 | 352,000 | 83,200 | 2,930 | Iklasi ye-10,000 | |||
| ISO 8 | 3,520,000 | 832,000 | 29,300 | Iklasi ye-100,000 | |||
| ISO 9 | 35,200,000 | 8,320,000 | 293,000 | Umoya wegumbi | |||
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-29-2023