Igumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka lihlangabezane nemigangatho ye-International Organisation of Standardization (ISO) ukuze lihlelwe. I-ISO, eyasekwa ngo-1947, yasekwa ukuze kuphunyezwe imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kwiinkalo ezibuthathaka zophando lwesayensi kunye nezenzo zoshishino, ezifana nokusebenza ngeekhemikhali, izinto eziguquguqukayo, kunye nezixhobo ezibuthathaka. Nangona umbutho wadalwa ngokuzithandela, imigangatho esekweyo ibeke imigaqo esisiseko ehlonitshwa yimibutho kwihlabathi liphela. Namhlanje, i-ISO inemigangatho engaphezu kwama-20,000 yeenkampani ekufuneka ziyisebenzise njengesikhokelo.
Igumbi lokuqala elicocekileyo laphuhliswa kwaye layilwa nguWillis Whitfield ngo-1960. Uyilo nenjongo yegumbi elicocekileyo kukukhusela iinkqubo zalo kunye nomxholo kuzo naziphi na izinto ezingaphandle kokusingqongileyo. Abantu abasebenzisa igumbi kunye nezinto ezivavanyiweyo okanye ezakhiwe kulo zinokuthintela igumbi elicocekileyo ekuhlangabezaneni nemigangatho yalo yococeko. Kufuneka ulawulo olukhethekileyo ukuze kususwe ezi zinto zinengxaki kangangoko.
Uhlu lwegumbi elicocekileyo lulinganisa inqanaba lococeko ngokubala ubungakanani kunye nobungakanani beesuntswana nge-cubic volume yomoya. Iiyunithi ziqala kwi-ISO 1 ziye kwi-ISO 9, apho i-ISO 1 iyeyona iphezulu yococeko ngelixa i-ISO 9 iyeyona ingcolileyo. Uninzi lwamagumbi acocekileyo awela kuluhlu lwe-ISO 7 okanye 8.
Imigangatho yeeNgxenye zeMigangatho yeZizwe ngezizwe yoMbutho weMigangatho
| Iklasi | Ubuninzi beeParticles/m3 | I-FED STD 209E Elilinganayo | |||||
| >=0.1 µm | >=0.2 µm | >=0.3 µm | >=0.5 µm | >=1 µm | >=5 µm | ||
| I-ISO 1 | 10 | 2 | |||||
| I-ISO 2 | 100 | 24 | 10 | 4 | |||
| I-ISO 3 | 1,000 | 237 | 102 | 35 | 8 | Iklasi 1 | |
| I-ISO 4 | 10,000 | 2,370 | 1,020 | 352 | 83 | Iklasi ye-10 | |
| I-ISO 5 | 100,000 | 23,700 | 10,200 | 3,520 | 832 | 29 | Iklasi ye-100 |
| I-ISO 6 | 1,000,000 | 237,000 | 102,000 | 35,200 | 8,320 | 293 | Iklasi ye-1,000 |
| I-ISO 7 | 352,000 | 83,200 | 2,930 | Iklasi ye-10,000 | |||
| I-ISO 8 | 3,520,000 | 832,000 | 29,300 | Iklasi ye-100,000 | |||
| I-ISO 9 | 35,200,000 | 8,320,000 | 293,000 | Umoya wegumbi | |||
Imigangatho yeSizwe 209 E – Uhlu lweMigangatho yeGumbi elicocekileyo
| Ubuninzi beeParticles/m3 | |||||
| Iklasi | >=0.5 µm | >=1 µm | >=5 µm | >=10 µm | >=25 µm |
| Iklasi 1 | 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Iklasi yesi-2 | 300,000 | 2,000 | 30 | ||
| Iklasi yesi-3 | 1,000,000 | 20,000 | 4,000 | 300 | |
| Iklasi yesi-4 | 20,000 | 40,000 | 4,000 | ||
Indlela yokugcina igumbi licocekile
Ekubeni injongo yegumbi elicocekileyo kukufunda okanye ukusebenza kwizinto ezibuthathaka nezibuthathaka, kubonakala ngathi akunakwenzeka ukuba into engcolileyo ifakwe kwindawo enjalo. Nangona kunjalo, kusoloko kukho umngcipheko, kwaye kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okuwulawula.
Kukho izinto ezimbini ezitshintshatshintshayo ezinokunciphisa udidi lwegumbi elicocekileyo. Into yokuqala ngabantu abasebenzisa igumbi. Eyesibini zizinto okanye izinto ezifakwa kulo. Nokuba abasebenzi begumbi elicocekileyo bazinikele kangakanani na, iimpazamo ziya kwenzeka. Xa bengxamile, abantu banokulibala ukulandela yonke imigaqo, banxibe impahla engafanelekanga, okanye bangayinaki enye into yokhathalelo lomntu.
Kwimizamo yokulawula ezi ngxaki, iinkampani zinemfuno yohlobo lwempahla efunekayo kubasebenzi begumbi elicocekileyo, nto leyo echaphazeleka ziinkqubo ezifunekayo kwigumbi elicocekileyo. Impahla eqhelekileyo yegumbi elicocekileyo ibandakanya ukugquma iinyawo, iikepusi okanye iinethi zeenwele, ukunxitywa kwamehlo, iiglavu kunye negawuni. Imigangatho engqongqo ichaza ukunxitywa kweesuti zomzimba wonke ezine-air supply ezizimeleyo ezithintela umntu onxibileyo ukuba angcolise igumbi elicocekileyo ngomoya wakhe.
Iingxaki zokugcina igumbi licocekile
Umgangatho wenkqubo yokujikeleza umoya kwigumbi elicocekileyo yeyona ngxaki ibalulekileyo enxulumene nokugcina igumbi licocekile. Nangona igumbi elicocekileyo sele lifumene udidi, olo didi lunokutshintsha okanye lulahleke lula ukuba linenkqubo yokucoca umoya embi. Inkqubo ixhomekeke kakhulu kwinani lezihluzo ezifunekayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle komoya wazo.
Into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe lixabiso, eliyeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekugcineni igumbi licocekile. Xa kucetywa ukwakha igumbi elicocekileyo ngokwemigangatho ethile, abavelisi kufuneka baqwalasele izinto ezimbalwa. Into yokuqala linani lezihluzo ezifunekayo ukugcina umgangatho womoya wegumbi. Into yesibini ekufuneka iqwalaselwe yinkqubo yokupholisa umoya ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubushushu ngaphakathi kwigumbi elicocekileyo buhlala buzinzile. Okokugqibela, into yesithathu luyilo lwegumbi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iinkampani ziya kucela igumbi elicocekileyo elikhulu okanye elincinci kunelo lifunekayo. Ke ngoko, uyilo lwegumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka luhlalutywe ngononophelo ukuze luhlangabezane neemfuno ezichanekileyo zesicelo salo.
Ngawaphi amashishini afuna ukuhlelwa kwegumbi elicocekileyo ngokungqongqo?
Njengoko ubuchwepheshe buhambela phambili, kukho izinto ezibalulekileyo ezinxulumene nokuveliswa kwezixhobo zobugcisa. Enye yezona ngxaki ziphambili kukulawulwa kwezinto ezincinci ezinokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwesixhobo esibuthathaka.
Eyona mfuneko icacileyo yendawo engenangcoliseko yishishini lamayeza apho umphunga okanye ungcoliseko lomoya lunokonakalisa ukwenziwa kwamayeza. Amashishini avelisa iisekethe ezincinci ezintsonkothileyo zezixhobo ezichanekileyo kufuneka aqinisekiswe ukuba imveliso kunye nokuhlanganiswa kukhuselekile. La ngamashishini amabini kuphela kwabaninzi asebenzisa amagumbi acocekileyo. Amanye yi-aerospace, i-optics, kunye ne-nanotechnology. Izixhobo zobugcisa ziye zaba zincinci kwaye zibuthathaka ngakumbi kunangaphambili, yiyo loo nto amagumbi acocekileyo eza kuqhubeka nokuba yinto ebalulekileyo kwimveliso nakwimveliso esebenzayo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-29-2023