Igumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka lihlangabezane nemigangatho ye-International Organisation of Standardization (ISO) ukwenzela ukuba ihlelwe. I-ISO, eyasekwa ngo-1947, yasekwa ukuze kuphunyezwe imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kwimiba ebuthathaka yophando lwezenzululwazi kunye nezenzo zoshishino, ezifana nokusebenza ngeekhemikhali, izinto eziguquguqukayo, kunye nezixhobo ezibuthathaka. Nangona umbutho wadalwa ngokuzithandela, imigangatho esekiweyo iye yamisela imigaqo esisiseko ehlonitshwa yimibutho yehlabathi. Namhlanje, i-ISO inemigangatho engaphezulu kwe-20,000 yeenkampani ukuba ziyisebenzise njengesikhokelo.
Igumbi lokuqala elicocekileyo laphuhliswa kwaye lenziwe nguWillis Whitfield kwi-1960. Uyilo kunye nenjongo yegumbi elicocekileyo kukukhusela iinkqubo kunye neziqulatho kuzo naziphi na izinto ezingaphandle kokusingqongileyo. Abantu abasebenzisa elo gumbi nezinto ezivavanyiweyo okanye ezenziwe kulo basenokulithintela igumbi elicocekileyo ukuba lifikelele imilinganiselo yalo yokucoceka. Ulawulo olukhethekileyo luyafuneka ukuze kupheliswe ezi zinto ziyingxaki kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Ukuhlelwa kwegumbi elicocekileyo lilinganisa inqanaba lokucoceka ngokubala ubungakanani kunye nobungakanani bamaqhekeza ngecubic umthamo womoya. Iiyunithi ziqala kwi-ISO 1 kwaye ziye kwi-ISO 9, i-ISO 1 ibe lelona nqanaba lococeko liphezulu ngelixa i-ISO 9 iyeyona imdaka. Uninzi lwamagumbi acocekileyo awela kuluhlu lwe-ISO 7 okanye lwe-8.
Umbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe wokuMiselwa kweMigangatho eNcanciweyo
| Iklasi | Ubuninzi baMasuntswana/m3 | I-FED STD 209E Iyalingana | |||||
| >=0.1 µm | >=0.2 µm | >=0.3 µm | >=0.5 µm | >=1 µm | >=5 µm | ||
| ISO 1 | 10 | 2 | |||||
| ISO 2 | 100 | 24 | 10 | 4 | |||
| ISO 3 | 1,000 | 237 | 102 | 35 | 8 | Iklasi yoku-1 | |
| ISO 4 | 10,000 | 2,370 | 1,020 | 352 | 83 | Iklasi ye-10 | |
| ISO 5 | 100,000 | 23,700 | 10,200 | 3,520 | 832 | 29 | Iklasi ye-100 |
| ISO 6 | 1,000,000 | 237,000 | 102,000 | 35,200 | 8,320 | 293 | Iklasi ye-1,000 |
| ISO 7 | 352,000 | 83,200 | 2,930 | Iklasi ye-10,000 | |||
| ISO 8 | 3,520,000 | 832,000 | 29,300 | Iklasi ye-100,000 | |||
| ISO 9 | 35,200,000 | 8,320,000 | 293,000 | Umoya wegumbi | |||
ImiGangatho ye-Federal 209 E - Ukuhlelwa kweMigangatho yeGumbi ecocekileyo
| Ubuninzi baMasuntswana/m3 | |||||
| Iklasi | >=0.5 µm | >=1 µm | >=5 µm | >=10 µm | >=25µm |
| Iklasi yoku-1 | 3,000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Iklasi yesi-2 | 300,000 | 2,000 | 30 | ||
| Iklasi yesi-3 | 1,000,000 | 20,000 | 4,000 | 300 | |
| Iklasi yesi-4 | 20,000 | 40,000 | 4,000 | ||
Indlela yokugcina ulwahlulo lwegumbi elicocekileyo
Ekubeni injongo yegumbi elicocekileyo ikukufunda okanye ukusebenza kwizinto eziethe-ethe neziethe-ethe, kubonakala kungenakwenzeka ukuba into engcolileyo ifakwe kwindawo enjalo. Nangona kunjalo, kuhlala kukho umngcipheko, kwaye amanyathelo kufuneka athathwe ukuwulawula.
Kukho izinto ezimbini eziguquguqukayo ezinokuthoba ukuhlelwa kwegumbi elicocekileyo. Utshintsho lokuqala ngabantu abasebenzisa igumbi. Okwesibini zizinto okanye izinto ezingeniswa kuyo. Kungakhathaliseki ukunikezelwa kwabasebenzi begumbi elicocekileyo, iimpazamo ziya kwenzeka. Xa ungxamile, abantu banokulibala ukulandela zonke iiprothokholi, banxibe iimpahla ezingafanelekanga, okanye batyeshele enye inkalo yokhathalelo lomntu.
Ngelinge lokulawula olu qwalaselo, iinkampani zineemfuno zohlobo lwempahla ecocekileyo yabasebenzi kufuneka banxibe, echaphazelekayo kwiinkqubo ezifunekayo kwigumbi elicocekileyo. Isinxibo sesiqhelo esicocekileyo segumbi siquka ukugquma ezinyaweni, iminqwazi okanye inethi zeenwele, ukunxiba kwamehlo, iiglavu kunye negawuni. Eyona migangatho ingqongqo ichaza ukunxitywa kweesuti ezigcwele umzimba wonke ezinomoya ozibambayo othintela lowo uzinxibileyo ukuba angcolise igumbi elicocekileyo ngomphefumlo wakhe.
Iingxaki zokugcina ulwahlulo lwegumbi elicocekileyo
Umgangatho wenkqubo yokujikeleza komoya kwigumbi elicocekileyo yeyona ngxaki ibalulekileyo enxulumene nokugcina ulwahlulo lwegumbi elicocekileyo. Nangona igumbi elicocekileyo sele lifumene ulwahlulo, olo luhlu lunokutshintsha ngokulula okanye lulahleke ngokupheleleyo ukuba lunenkqubo yokucoca umoya. Inkqubo ixhomekeke kakhulu kwinani lezihluzi ezifunekayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuhamba komoya.
Enye into ephambili ekufuneka iqwalaselwe ziindleko, eyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo yokugcina igumbi licocekile. Ekucwangciseni ukwakha igumbi elicocekileyo kumgangatho othile, abavelisi kufuneka bathathele ingqalelo izinto ezimbalwa. Into yokuqala linani lezihluzi ezifunekayo ukugcina umgangatho womoya wegumbi. Into yesibini ekufuneka iqwalaselwe yinkqubo ye-air conditioning ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwegumbi elicocekileyo lihlala lizinzile. Ekugqibeleni, into yesithathu kuyilo lwegumbi. Kwiimeko ezininzi kakhulu, iinkampani ziya kucela igumbi elicocekileyo elikhulu okanye elincinci kunelo elifunekayo. Ngoko ke, ukuyila kwegumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka kuhlalutywe ngokucophelela ukwenzela ukuba ihlangabezane neemfuno ezichanekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwayo.
Ngawaphi amashishini afuna olona hlelo lungqongqo lwamagumbi acocekileyo?
Njengoko iteknoloji ihambela phambili, kukho izinto ezibalulekileyo ezinxulumene nokuveliswa kwezixhobo zobugcisa. Omnye wemiba ephambili kukulawulwa kwezinto ezincinci ezinokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwesixhobo esibuthathaka.
Esona sidingo sicacileyo semekobume engangcolisekanga lishishini loxubo-mayeza apho umphunga okanye ungcoliseko lomoya lunokonakalisa ukwenziwa kweyeza. Amashishini avelisa iisekethe ezincinci ezintsonkothileyo zezixhobo ezichanekileyo kufuneka ziqinisekiswe ukuba ukuveliswa kunye nokudibanisa kukhuselwe. Ezi zimbini kuphela kumashishini amaninzi asebenzisa amagumbi acocekileyo. Eminye yi-aerospace, optics, kunye ne-nanotechnology. Izixhobo zobugcisa ziye zaba zincinci kwaye zinovakalelo kunanini na ngaphambili, yiyo loo nto amagumbi acocekileyo aya kuqhubeka eyinto ebalulekileyo kwimveliso kunye nemveliso esebenzayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-29-2023