Ishishini lemveliso yombane:
Ngophuhliso lweekhompyuter, i-microelectronics kunye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi, ishishini lokuvelisa i-elektroniki liphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye iteknoloji yegumbi elicocekileyo nayo iqhutywe. Ngelo xesha, iimfuno eziphezulu zibekwe phambili ekuyilweni kwegumbi elicocekileyo. Uyilo lwegumbi elicocekileyo kwishishini lemveliso ye-elektroniki bubuchwephesha obubanzi. Kuphela ngokuqonda ngokupheleleyo iimpawu zoyilo lwegumbi elicocekileyo kwishishini lemveliso yombane kunye nokwenza uyilo olunengqiqo apho izinga leemveliso zombane linokucuthwa kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kuphuculwe.
Iimpawu zegumbi elicocekileyo kwishishini lemveliso yombane:
Iimfuno zenqanaba lokucoceka ziphezulu, kwaye umthamo womoya, ubushushu, ukufuma, umahluko woxinzelelo, kunye nokuphuma kwezixhobo zilawulwa njengoko kufuneka. Ukukhanya kunye nesantya somoya secandelo legumbi elicocekileyo lilawulwa ngokuhambelana noyilo okanye ukucaciswa. Ukongeza, olu hlobo lwegumbi elicocekileyo lineemfuno ezingqongqo kakhulu kumbane ongatshintshiyo. Iimfuno zokufuma ziqatha kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba umbane ongatshintshiyo uveliswa ngokulula kumzi-mveliso owomileyo kakhulu, ubangela umonakalo kumanyano lweCMOS. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ubushushu bomzi-mveliso we-elektroniki kufuneka bulawuleke malunga ne-22 ° C, kwaye ukufuma okuhambelanayo kufuneka kulawulwe phakathi kwe-50-60% (kukho imimiselo efanelekileyo yokushisa kunye nokufuma kwegumbi elikhethekileyo elicocekileyo). Ngeli xesha, umbane ongatshintshiyo unokupheliswa ngempumelelo kwaye abantu banokuziva bekhululekile. Iindibano zocweyo zemveliso yeChip, igumbi elidityanisiweyo lesekethe elicocekileyo kunye neeworkshops zokwenziwa kweediski zizinto ezibalulekileyo zegumbi elicocekileyo kwishishini lokuvelisa i-elektroniki. Kuba iimveliso ze-elektroniki zineemfuno ezingqongqo kakhulu kwimekobume yomoya yangaphakathi kunye nomgangatho ngexesha lokwenziwa kunye nemveliso, zijolise ikakhulu ekulawuleni amasuntswana kunye nothuli oludadayo, kwaye zinemigaqo engqongqo kubushushu, ukufuma, umthamo womoya omtsha, ingxolo, njl njl. .
1. Inqanaba lengxolo (ilizwe elingenanto) kwiklasi ye-10,000 igumbi elicocekileyo leplanti yokuvelisa i-electronics: akufanele ibe ngaphezu kwe-65dB (A).
2. Umlinganiselo ogcweleyo wegumbi elicocekileyo elihamba ngokuthe nkqo kwiplanti yokuvelisa i-electronics akufunekanga ibe ngaphantsi kwe-60%, kunye ne-horizontal unidirectional flow flow clean room akufanele ibe ngaphantsi kwe-40%, kungenjalo iya kuba yi-partial unidirectional flow.
3. Umahluko we-static yoxinzelelo phakathi kwegumbi elicocekileyo kunye nangaphandle kwendawo yokuvelisa i-electronics akufanele ibe ngaphantsi kwe-10Pa, kunye nokwahlukana koxinzelelo lwe-static phakathi kwendawo ecocekileyo kunye nommandla ongacocekanga kunye nococeko lomoya ohlukeneyo akufanele ube ngaphantsi kwe-5Pa. .
4. Isixa somoya omtsha kwiklasi ye-10,000 yegumbi elicocekileyo loshishino lokuvelisa i-electronics kufuneka lithathe ubuninzi bezi zinto zimbini zilandelayo:
① Buyekeza isixa somthamo wokukhupha ngaphakathi kunye nomthamo womoya omtsha ofunekayo ukugcina ixabiso loxinzelelo olulungileyo lwangaphakathi.
② Qinisekisa ukuba ubungakanani bomoya omtsha obonelelwa kwigumbi elicocekileyo ngomntu ngamnye ngeyure awukho ngaphantsi kwe-40m3.
③ Isifudumezi segumbi elicocekileyo lokucoca inkqubo yomoya kwishishini lemveliso yombane kufuneka lixhotyiswe ngomoya omtsha kunye nobushushu obungaphezulu kokhuselo lombane. Ukuba i-humidification yamanqaku isetyenzisiweyo, ukhuseleko olungenamanzi kufuneka lubekwe. Kwiindawo ezibandayo, inkqubo yomoya omtsha kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngamanyathelo okukhusela okuchasene nomkhenkce. Umthamo wokunikezelwa komoya wegumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka lithathe ixabiso eliphezulu kwezi zinto zintathu zilandelayo: umthamo wokunikezelwa komoya wokuqinisekisa umgangatho wokucoceka komoya wegumbi elicocekileyo leplanti yokuvelisa i-elektroniki; umthamo wokunikezelwa komoya wegumbi elicocekileyo lomzi-mveliso we-elektroniki umiselwa ngokwesibalo somthwalo wobushushu kunye nokufuma; ubungakanani bomoya ococekileyo onikezelweyo kwigumbi elicocekileyo lomzi-mveliso wombane.
Umzi mveliso weBioomanufacturing:
Iimpawu zeefektri ze-biopharmaceutical:
1. I-Biopharmaceutical cleanroom ayinayo kuphela iindleko eziphezulu zezixhobo, iinkqubo zokuvelisa eziyinkimbinkimbi, iimfuno eziphakamileyo kumanqanaba okucoceka kunye nobunyumba, kodwa zineemfuno eziqinileyo kumgangatho wabasebenzi bokuvelisa.
2. Iingozi ezinokwenzeka zebhayoloji ziya kubonakala kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, ikakhulu imingcipheko yokusuleleka, iibhaktheriya ezifileyo okanye iiseli ezifileyo kunye namacandelo okanye i-metabolism emzimbeni womntu kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezinobuthi, uvakalelo kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo, ubutyhefu bemveliso, uvakalelo kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo. iziphumo.
Indawo ecocekileyo: Igumbi (indawo) apho amasuntswana othuli kunye nongcoliseko lwe-microbial kwindawo kufuneka ilawulwe. Isakhiwo sayo sokwakha, izixhobo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kunomsebenzi wokuthintela ukuqaliswa, ukuveliswa kunye nokugcinwa kwezinto ezingcolileyo kwindawo.
I-Airlock: Indawo eyodwa eneminyango emibini nangaphezulu phakathi kwamagumbi amabini nangaphezulu (njengamagumbi anamanqanaba ahlukeneyo ococeko). Injongo yokumisela isitshixo somoya kukulawula ukuhamba komoya xa abantu okanye imathiriyeli bengena kwaye bephuma kwisitshixo somoya. Izitshixo zomoya zahlulwe zaba zizitshixo zomoya zabasebenzi kunye nezitshixo zomoya.
Iimpawu ezisisiseko zegumbi elicocekileyo le-biopharmaceuticals: uthuli kunye ne-microorganisms kufuneka zibe zizinto zokulawulwa kwendalo. Ukucoceka kweworkshop yokuvelisa amayeza ihlukaniswe ngamanqanaba amane: iklasi yendawo ye-100, iklasi ye-1000, iklasi ye-10000 kunye neklasi ye-30000 phantsi kwemvelaphi yeklasi ye-100 okanye iklasi ye-10000.
Ukushisa kwegumbi elicocekileyo: ngaphandle kweemfuno ezikhethekileyo, kwi-18 ~ 26 degrees, kunye nomswakama ohambelanayo ulawulwa kwi-45% ~ 65%. Ulawulo longcoliseko lweeworkshops ezicocekileyo ze-biopharmaceutical: ulawulo lwemithombo yongcoliseko, ulawulo lwenkqubo yokusasazwa, kunye nolawulo lokungcoliseka. Itekhnoloji ephambili yeyeza elicocekileyo legumbi ikakhulu ukulawula uthuli kunye ne-microorganisms. Njengongcoliseko, i-microorganisms iyona nto iphambili yokulawula indawo ecocekileyo yegumbi. Izinto ezingcolileyo eziqokelelwe kwizixhobo kunye nemibhobho kwindawo ecocekileyo yesityalo soxubo mayeza inokungcolisa ngokuthe ngqo iziyobisi, kodwa ayichaphazeli uvavanyo lokucoceka. Umgangatho wokucoceka awufanelekanga ukubonakalisa iimpawu ezibonakalayo, iikhemikhali, i-radioactive kunye neempawu ezibalulekileyo zamasuntswana amisiweyo. Ukungazi kakuhle inkqubo yokuvelisa iziyobisi, oonobangela bongcoliseko kunye neendawo apho ungcoliseko luqokelelana khona, kunye neendlela kunye nemigangatho yovavanyo yokususa izinto ezingcolisayo.
Ezi meko zilandelayo ziqhelekile kutshintsho lwetekhnoloji ye-GMP yezityalo ezixuba amayeza:
Ngenxa yokungaqondi kakuhle ukuqonda, ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha obucocekileyo kwinkqubo yokulawula ukungcola akuthandeki, kwaye ekugqibeleni ezinye izityalo zonyango ziye zatyala imali eninzi kwinguqu, kodwa umgangatho wamachiza awuzange uphuculwe kakhulu.
Uyilo kunye nokwakhiwa kwezityalo zokuvelisa amayeza acocekileyo, ukuveliswa kunye nokufakelwa kwezixhobo kunye nezixhobo kwizityalo, umgangatho wezinto eziluhlaza kunye nezincedisayo kunye nezinto zokupakisha ezisetyenziselwa imveliso, kunye nokuphunyezwa okungathandekiyo kweenkqubo zokulawula abantu abacocekileyo kunye neendawo ezicocekileyo. iya kuchaphazela umgangatho wemveliso. Izizathu ezichaphazela umgangatho wemveliso kulwakhiwo kukuba kukho iingxaki kwikhonkco lolawulo lwenkqubo, kwaye kukho iingozi ezifihlakeleyo ngexesha lofakelo kunye nenkqubo yokwakha, ezi zilandelayo:
① Udonga lwangaphakathi lwe-air duct ye-air conditioning system yokucoca ayicocekanga, uxhumano aluqinanga, kwaye isantya sokuvuza sikhulu kakhulu;
② Isakhiwo sokuvalwa kweplate yentsimbi yombala ayiqinile, imilinganiselo yokutywinwa phakathi kwegumbi elicocekileyo kunye ne-mezzanine yobugcisa (i-ceiling) ayifanelekanga, kwaye umnyango ovaliweyo awunamoya;
③ Iiprofayile zokuhombisa kunye nemibhobho yenkqubo yenza iikona ezifileyo kunye nokuqokelelana kothuli kwigumbi elicocekileyo;
④ Ezinye iindawo azakhiwanga ngokweemfuno zoyilo kwaye azikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezifanelekileyo kunye nemimiselo;
⑤ Umgangatho we-sealant esetyenzisiweyo awukho kumgangatho, kulula ukuwa, kwaye uwohloke;
⑥ Ukubuya kunye nokukhupha umbala we-aisles yentsimbi yentsimbi idityanisiwe, kwaye uthuli lungena kumbhobho womoya obuyayo ukusuka kumbhobho;
⑦ I-weld yodonga lwangaphakathi alwenziwa xa kudityaniswa imibhobho yococeko yentsimbi enje ngenkqubo yokucoca amanzi kunye nokutofa kwamanzi;
⑧ Ivalve yokukhangela umbhobho womoya ayisebenzi, kwaye ukubuya komoya kubangele ungcoliseko;
⑨ Umgangatho wofakelo lwenkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi awukho kumgangatho, kwaye i-rack yombhobho kunye nezixhobo kulula ukuqokelela uthuli;
⑩ Ukuseta umahluko woxinzelelo lwegumbi elicocekileyo alifanelekanga kwaye liyasilela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zenkqubo yokuvelisa.
Umzi-mveliso wokuprinta nokupakisha:
Ngophuhliso loluntu, iimveliso zoshicilelo kunye neshishini lokupakisha nazo ziphuculwe. Izixhobo zokushicilela ezinkulu ziye zangena kwindawo yokucoca, enokuphucula kakhulu umgangatho weemveliso eziprintiweyo kunye nokwandisa kakhulu izinga elifanelekileyo leemveliso. Oku kukwayeyona nto ilungileyo yokudibanisa ishishini lokucoca kunye neshishini lokushicilela. Ushicilelo lubonisa ubushushu kunye nokufuma kwemveliso kwindawo yokugquma indawo, inani lamasuntswana othuli, kwaye ngokuthe ngqo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kumgangatho wemveliso kunye nesantya esifanelekileyo. Ishishini lokupakisha libonakaliswa ikakhulu kubushushu kunye nokufuma kwemekobume yendawo, inani lamasuntswana othuli emoyeni, kunye nomgangatho wamanzi ekupakishweni kokutya kunye nokupakishwa kwamayeza. Ngokuqinisekileyo, iinkqubo zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni zabasebenzi bemveliso nazo zibaluleke kakhulu.
Ukutshiza uthuli-free yi workshop ezimeleyo evaliweyo imveliso equlunqwe iipaneli zesangweji zentsimbi, ezinokuthi zihluze ngokufanelekileyo ungcoliseko lomoya olubi kwiimveliso kunye nokunciphisa uthuli kwindawo yokutshiza kunye nezinga lemveliso enesiphene. Ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha obungenathuli buphucula ngakumbi umgangatho wembonakalo yeemveliso, ezinje ngomabonakude/ikhompyuter, iqokobhe lefowuni ephathwayo, iDVD/VCD, ikhonsoli yomdlalo, irekhoda yevidiyo, ikhompyuter ephathwayo yePDA, iqokobhe lekhamera, iaudio, isomisi seenwele, iMD, i-makeup. , iithoyi kunye nezinye izinto zokusebenza. Inkqubo: indawo yokulayisha → ukususwa kothuli ngesandla → ukususwa kothuli lwe-electrostatic → ukutshiza ngesandla/okuzenzekelayo → indawo yokomisa → indawo yokunyanga ipeyinti yeUV → indawo yokupholisa → indawo yoshicilelo lwesikrini → indawo yokuhlola umgangatho → indawo yokufumana.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba iworkshop yokupakishwa kokutya engenathuli isebenza ngokwanelisayo, kufuneka kungqinwe ukuba iyahlangabezana neemfuno zezi nqobo zilandelayo:
① Umthamo wokuhanjiswa komoya kwindawo yokusebenzela yokupakishwa engenathuli yanele ukungcungcuthekisa okanye ukuphelisa ungcoliseko olwenziwa ngaphakathi.
② Umoya kwiworkshop yokupakisha okungenathuli uphuma kwindawo ecocekileyo ukuya kwindawo enococeko olubi, ukuhamba komoya ongcolisekileyo kuyacuthwa, kwaye indlela yokuhamba komoya emnyango nakwisakhiwo esingaphakathi ichanekile.
③ Ubonelelo komoya kwindawo yokusebenzela yokupakishwa engenathuli aluyi kwandisa kakhulu ungcoliseko lwangaphakathi.
④ Imo yentshukumo yomoya wangaphakathi kwiworkshop yokupakisha ukutya engenathuli inokuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ndawo yokuhlangana ephezulu kwigumbi elivaliweyo. Ukuba igumbi elicocekileyo lihlangabezana neemfuno zale migaqo ingentla, i-particle yayo yoxinaniso okanye i-microbial concentration (ukuba kuyimfuneko) inokulinganiswa ukugqiba ukuba ihlangabezana nemigangatho yegumbi elicocekileyo elichaziweyo.
Ishishini lokupakisha ukutya:
1. Ukunikezelwa komoya kunye nomthamo wokukhupha: Ukuba ligumbi elihlambulukileyo elinesiphithiphithi, ngoko umoya walo kunye nomthamo wokukhupha kufuneka ulinganiswe. Ukuba ligumbi elicocekileyo elingenandlela zonke, isantya somoya walo kufuneka silinganiswe.
2. Ukulawulwa kokuhamba komoya phakathi kweendawo: Ukuqinisekisa ukuba indlela yokuhamba komoya phakathi kwemimandla ichanekile, oko kukuthi, iphuma kwindawo ecocekileyo ukuya kwindawo enococeko olubi, kuyafuneka ukuvavanya:
① Umahluko woxinzelelo phakathi kwendawo nganye uchanekile;
② Isalathiso sokuhamba komoya emnyango okanye ukuvuleka eludongeni, umgangatho, njl njl. kuchanekile, oko kukuthi, uphuma kwindawo ecocekileyo ukuya kwindawo enococeko olubi.
3. Ukubona ukuvuza kwesihluzi: Isihluzo esisebenza kakuhle kakhulu kunye nesakhelo saso sangaphandle kufuneka sihlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ungcoliseko olumisiweyo aluzu kudlula:
① Isihluzi esonakeleyo;
② Umsantsa phakathi kwesihluzi kunye nesakhelo saso sangaphandle;
③ Amanye amalungu esixhobo sokucoca kwaye ahlasele igumbi.
4. Ukubona ukuvuza okukodwa: Olu vavanyo lubonisa ukuba ungcoliseko olumisiweyo alungeni kwizinto zokwakha kwaye luhlasele igumbi elicocekileyo.
5. Ulawulo lokuhamba komoya lwangaphakathi: Uhlobo lovavanyo lolawulo lokuhamba komoya luxhomekeke kwipateni yokuphuma komoya yegumbi elicocekileyo - nokuba lisiphithiphithi okanye alikho icala. Ukuba i-airflow yegumbi elicocekileyo liyisiphithiphithi, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba akukho ndawo kwigumbi apho ukuhamba komoya kunganele. Ukuba ligumbi elicocekileyo elingaqhelekanga, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba isantya somoya kunye nolwalathiso lomoya lwegumbi lonke lihlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo.
6. Ugxininiso lwe-particle kunye ne-microbial concentration: Ukuba iimvavanyo ezingentla zihlangabezana neemfuno, i-particle concentration kunye ne-microbial concentration (xa kuyimfuneko) ekugqibeleni ilinganiswe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ihlangabezana neemfuno zobuchwepheshe zoyilo lwegumbi elicocekileyo.
7. Olunye uvavanyo: Ukongeza kolu vavanyo lolawulo longcoliseko olungentla, olunye okanye ngaphezulu kolu vavanyo lulandelayo kufuneka lwenziwe ngamanye amaxesha: ubushushu; Ubuntu bezizalwane; ukufudumeza kwangaphakathi kunye nomthamo wokupholisa; ixabiso lengxolo; ukukhanya; ixabiso lokungcangcazela.
Ishishini lokupakisha amayeza:
1. Iimfuno zolawulo lokusingqongileyo:
① Ukubonelela ngenqanaba lokucoca umoya elifunekayo kwimveliso. Inani leengqungquthela zothuli lomoya kunye ne-microorganisms eziphilayo kwiprojekthi yokucoca i-workshop yokupakisha kufuneka ihlolwe rhoqo kwaye irekhodwe. Umahluko omileyo woxinzelelo phakathi kocweyo lokupakisha lwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo kufuneka ugcinwe ngaphakathi kwexabiso elichaziweyo.
② Ubushushu kunye nokufuma okuzalanayo kweprojekthi yokucoca iworkshop yokupakisha kufuneka ihambelane neemfuno zayo zenkqubo yokuvelisa.
③ Indawo yokuvelisa i-penicillins, i-allergenic kakhulu kunye ne-anti-tumor drug kufuneka ixhotyiswe nge-air-conditioning system ezimeleyo, kwaye i-gas yokukhupha kufuneka ihlambuluke.
④ Kumagumbi avelisa uthuli, izixhobo ezisebenzayo zokuqokelela uthuli kufuneka zifakelwe ukunqanda ukungcoliseka kothuli.
⑤ Kumagumbi ancedisayo emveliso anjengendawo yokugcina, indawo yokungena komoya kunye nobushushu kunye nokufuma kufuneka zihambelane neemfuno zemveliso yamayeza kunye nokupakishwa.
2. Ucoceko lwezowuni kunye nexesha lokungena komoya: Igumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka lilawule ngokungqongqo ukucoceka komoya, kunye neeparamitha ezinje ngobushushu bendalo, ukufuma, umthamo womoya omtsha kunye nokwahluka koxinzelelo.
① Inqanaba lokuhlanjululwa kunye nexesha lokungena komoya kwiworkshop yokuvelisa amayeza kunye nokupakishwa Ukucoceka komoya kweprojekthi yokucoca yemveliso yamayeza kunye neworkshop yokupakisha yahlulwe yangamanqanaba amane: iklasi ye-100, iklasi ye-10,000, iklasi ye-100,000 kunye neklasi ye-300,000. Ukumisela i-ventilation frequency yegumbi elicocekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuthelekisa umthamo womoya wento nganye kwaye uthathe ixabiso eliphezulu. Kwinkqubo, i-ventilation frequency yeklasi ye-100 ngamaxesha angama-300-400 / h, iklasi ye-10,000 ngamaxesha angama-25-35 / h, kunye neklasi ye-100,000 ngamaxesha angama-15-20 / h.
② Ucoceko lwezowuni yeprojekthi yegumbi lokucoca kwiworkshop yokupakisha amayeza. Izowuni ethile yokucoceka kwemveliso yamayeza kunye nokupakishwa kwendalo isekelwe kumgangatho wesizwe wokucoca.
③ Ukumiselwa kwezinye iiparamitha zokusingqongileyo zeprojekthi yegumbi lokucoca kwiworkshop yokupakisha.
④ Iqondo lobushushu kunye nokufuma kweprojekthi yegumbi lokucoca kwiworkshop yokupakisha. Ubushushu kunye nokufuma okuhambelanayo kwegumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka kuhambelane nenkqubo yokuvelisa amayeza. Ubushushu: 20 ~ 23 ℃ (ehlotyeni) kwiklasi ye-100 kunye neklasi ye-10,000 yokucoceka, i-24 ~ 26 ℃ yeklasi ye-100,000 kunye neklasi ye-300,000 yococeko, i-26 ~ 27 ℃ kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo. Ucoceko lweklasi ye-100 kunye ne-10,000 ngamagumbi angenanto. Ukufuma okuhlobene: 45-50% (ehlotyeni) kumachiza e-hygroscopic, i-50% ~ 55% yamalungiselelo aqinileyo afana neepilisi, i-55% ~ 65% yeenaliti zamanzi kunye nolwelo lomlomo.
⑤ Uxinzelelo lwegumbi lokucoceka ukugcina ucoceko lwangaphakathi, uxinzelelo oluhle kufuneka lugcinwe ngaphakathi. Kumagumbi acocekileyo avelisa uthuli, izinto ezinobungozi, kwaye avelise iziyobisi ze-penicillin-type kakhulu ze-allergenic, ukungcola kwangaphandle kufuneka kuthintelwe okanye uxinzelelo olubi olunxulumeneyo kufuneka lugcinwe phakathi kweendawo. Uxinzelelo oluqinileyo lwamagumbi anamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okucoceka. Uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kufuneka lugcinwe lulungile, kunye nomahluko ongaphezulu kwe-5Pa ukusuka kwigumbi elikufutshane, kwaye umahluko woxinzelelo lwe-static phakathi kwegumbi elicocekileyo kunye nomoya wangaphandle kufuneka ube mkhulu kune-10Pa.
Ishishini lokutya:
Ukutya yimfuneko yokuqala yabantu, kwaye izifo ziphuma emlonyeni, ngoko ukhuseleko kunye nococeko lweshishini lokutya ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Ukhuseleko kunye nococeko lokutya ubukhulu becala kufuneka kulawulwe kwiinkalo ezintathu: okokuqala, ukusebenza ngokusemgangathweni kwabasebenzi bemveliso; okwesibini, ulawulo longcoliseko lokusingqongileyo lwangaphandle (kufuneka kusekwe indawo yokusebenza ecocekileyo ngokwentelekiso. Okwesithathu, umthombo wokuthengwa kwempahla kufuneka ungabinazixhobo zemveliso eziyingxaki.
Indawo yocweyo lwemveliso yokutya ilungelelaniswe nemveliso, kunye noyilo olufanelekileyo kunye nokukhupha amanzi angenamagingxigingxi; umgangatho weworkshop wakhiwe ngezinto ezingatyibilikiyo, ezomeleleyo, ezingenamanzi kunye ne-corrosion-resistant-resistant, kwaye mcaba, awunakuqokelelwa kwamanzi, kwaye ugcinwe ucocekile; ukuphuma kweworkshop kunye neendawo zokuhambisa amanzi kunye neendawo zokungenisa umoya ezidityaniswe nehlabathi langaphandle zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zokulwa ne-rat, anti-fly kunye ne-anti-insect. Iindonga, iisilingi, iingcango kunye neefestile kwindawo yokusebenzela kufuneka zakhiwe ngezinto ezingenabungozi, ezinombala okhanyayo, ezingangenwa ngamanzi, zingangenwa ngumngundo, zingachithiyo nezilula ukuzicoca. Iikona zeendonga, iimbombo zomhlaba kunye neembombo eziphezulu kufuneka zibe ne-arc (i-radius of curvature akufanele ibe ngaphantsi kwe-3cm). Iitafile zokusebenza, amabhanti okuthutha, izithuthi zokuthutha kunye nezixhobo kwi-workshop kufuneka zenziwe ngezinto ezingenayo ityhefu, i-corrosion-resistant, i-rust-free, ilula ukucoceka kunye ne-disinfect, kunye nezixhobo eziqinileyo. Inani elaneleyo lezixhobo zokuhlamba izandla, ukubulala iintsholongwane kunye nezokomisa izandla okanye iimpahla kufuneka zisekwe kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo, kwaye iifaucets kufuneka zibe zizitshixo ezingezizo ezenziwa ngesandla. Ngokweemfuno zokucwangciswa kwemveliso, kufuneka kubekho izixhobo zokubulala iintsholongwane kwizihlangu, iibhutsi kunye namavili ekungeneni kwendawo yokusebenzela. Kufuneka kubekho igumbi lokunxiba eliqhagamshelwe kwindawo yokusebenzela. Ngokweemfuno zokusetyenzwa kwemveliso, izindlu zangasese kunye namagumbi okuhlambela aqhagamshelwe kwindawo yokusebenzela nawo kufuneka amiswe.
I-Optoelectronics:
Igumbi lokucoca imveliso ye-optoelectronic ngokubanzi lilungele izixhobo ze-elektroniki, iikhompyuter, iifektri ze-semiconductor, ishishini lemoto, ishishini le-aerospace, ifotolithography, ukwenziwa kwe-microcomputer kunye namanye amashishini. Ukongeza kokucoceka komoya, kuyafuneka ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba iimfuno zokususwa kombane we-static ziyafezekiswa. Oku kulandelayo kukungeniswa kwiworkshop yokucoca uthuli kwishishini le-optoelectronics, ukuthatha imboni ye-LED yanamhlanje njengomzekelo.
Ufakelo lweprojekthi ye-LED yokucoca i-workshop yeprojekthi kunye nohlalutyo lwemeko yokwakhiwa: Kolu yilo, kubhekiselele ekufakeni ezinye iiworkshops zokuhlanjululwa ezingenathuli kwiinkqubo ze-terminal, kwaye ukucoceka kwayo ngokuqhelekileyo kudidi lwe-1,000, iklasi ye-10,000 okanye iklasi ye-100,000 yeeworkshops zokucoca. Ufakelo lweendawo zokusebenzela zokucoca iscreen se-backlight zenzelwe ukugxiviza iindibano zocweyo, indibano kunye nezinye iindibano zocweyo zamagumbi okucoca kwiimveliso ezinjalo, kwaye ucoceko ngokuqhelekileyo luluhlu lwe-10,000 okanye iklasi ye-100,000 yeeworkshops zokucoca. Iimfuno zeparamitha yomoya wangaphakathi wofakelo lwe-LED kwindawo yokusebenzela yokucoca:
1. Iimfuno zobushushu nokufuma: Iqondo lobushushu lidla ngokuba yi-24±2℃, kwaye ukufuma okunxulumeneyo yi-55±5%.
2. Umthamo womoya omtsha: Ekubeni kukho abantu abaninzi abalolu hlobo lweworkshop ecocekileyo engenathuli, amaxabiso aphezulu alandelayo kufuneka athathwe ngokwala maxabiso alandelayo: I-10-30% yomthamo wokunikezelwa komoya opheleleyo we-non-unidirectional cleanroom. iworkshop; ubungakanani bomoya omtsha ofunekayo ukuhlawulela ukukhutshwa kwangaphakathi kunye nokugcina ixabiso loxinzelelo olulungileyo lwangaphakathi; qinisekisa ukuba umthamo womoya omtsha wangaphakathi kumntu ngamnye ngeyure ngu-≥40m3/h.
3. Umthamo omkhulu wokuhambisa umoya. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nococeko kunye nobushushu kunye nokulinganisela komswakama kwindawo yokusebenzela ecocekileyo, umthamo omkhulu wokunikezelwa komoya uyafuneka. Kwiworkshop ye-300 square metres kunye nokuphakama kwesilingi seemitha ezi-2.5, ukuba yiklasi ye-10,000 yokucoca igumbi lokusebenzela, umthamo wokuhambisa umoya kufuneka ube yi-300 * 2.5 * 30 = 22500m3 / h (ixesha lokutshintsha umoya ngu-≥25 amaxesha / h ); ukuba yiklasi ye-100,000 yokucoca i-workshop, umthamo wokuhambisa umoya kufuneka ube yi-300 * 2.5 * 20 = 15000m3 / h (i-frequency yokutshintsha umoya yi-≥15 amaxesha / h).
Unyango kunye nempilo:
Ubuchwephesha obucocekileyo bukwabizwa ngokuba bubuchwepheshe begumbi elicocekileyo. Ukongeza kokuhlangabezana neemfuno eziqhelekileyo zokushisa kunye nomswakama kumagumbi ane-air-conditioning, ubunjineli obuhlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo zobugcisa kunye nokulawulwa okungqongqo kusetyenziselwa ukulawula umxholo we-particle yangaphakathi, ukuhamba komoya, uxinzelelo, njl. ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile. Olu hlobo lwegumbi lubizwa ngokuba ligumbi elicocekileyo. Kwakhiwa igumbi elicocekileyo lize lisetyenziswe esibhedlele. Ngophuhliso lwezonyango kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, iteknoloji ecocekileyo isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo zonyango, kwaye iimfuno zobugcisa ngokwazo nazo ziphezulu. Amagumbi acocekileyo asetyenziswa kunyango lwezamayeza ahlulahlulwe ikakhulu abe ngamacandelo amathathu: amagumbi otyando acocekileyo, amagumbi abongikazi acocekileyo kunye neelebhu ezicocekileyo.
Igumbi lokusebenza ngokwemodyuli:
Igumbi lokusebenza lemodyuli lithatha ii-microorganisms zangaphakathi njengenjongo yokulawula, iiparamitha zokusebenza kunye nezibonakaliso zokuhlelwa, kunye nokucoceka komoya yimeko yokuqinisekisa eyimfuneko. Igumbi lokusebenza lemodyuli linokwahlulwa ngokwala manqanaba alandelayo ngokwenqanaba lococeko:
1. Igumbi lokusebenza elikhethekileyo lemodyuli: Ukucoceka kwendawo yokusebenza yiklasi ye-100, kwaye indawo ejikelezileyo yiklasi ye-1,000. Ilungele imisebenzi ye-aseptic efana nokutsha, ukuguqulwa ngokudibeneyo, ukutshintshwa kwelungu, utyando lobuchopho, i-ophthalmology, utyando lweplastiki kunye notyando lwentliziyo.
2. Igumbi lokusebenza ngeModyuli: Ukucoceka kwendawo yokusebenza yiklasi ye-1000, kwaye indawo ejikelezileyo yiklasi ye-10,000. Ifanelekile kwimisebenzi ye-aseptic efana notyando lwe-thoracic, utyando lweplastiki, i-urology, utyando lwe-hepatobiliary kunye ne-pancreatic, utyando lwamathambo kunye nokubuyiswa kweqanda.
3. Igumbi lokusebenza imodyuli ngokubanzi: Ukucoceka kwendawo yokusebenza yiklasi ye-10,000, kwaye indawo ejikelezileyo yiklasi ye-100,000. Ifanelekile utyando jikelele, i-dermatology kunye nokuhlinzwa kwesisu.
4. Igumbi lokusebenza lemodyuli ecocekileyo ye-quasi-clean: Ucoceko lomoya luyiklasi ye-100,000, ifanelekile kwi-obstetrics, utyando lwe-anorectal kunye neminye imisebenzi. Ukongeza kwinqanaba lokucoceka kunye nokuxinwa kwebhaktheriya yegumbi lokusebenza elicocekileyo, iiparitha ezifanelekileyo zobugcisa kufuneka zihambelane nemimiselo efanelekileyo. Jonga iiparameters eziphambili zetheyibhile zamagumbi kuwo onke amanqanaba kwisebe elisebenzayo elicocekileyo. Uyilo lwenqwelomoya lwegumbi lokusebenza lemodyuli kufuneka lahlulwe libe ngamacandelo amabini: indawo ecocekileyo kunye nendawo engacocekanga ngokweemfuno eziqhelekileyo. Igumbi lokusebenza kunye namagumbi okusebenza asebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwigumbi lokusebenza kufuneka abekwe kwindawo ecocekileyo. Xa abantu kunye nezinto bedlula kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zococeko kwigumbi lokusebenza lemodyuli, izitshixo zomoya, amagumbi okukhusela okanye ibhokisi yokupasa kufuneka ifakwe. Igumbi lokusebenza libekwe kwindawo engundoqo. I-plane yangaphakathi kunye nefom yeshaneli kufuneka ihambelane nemigaqo yokuhamba komsebenzi kunye nokuhlukana okucacileyo kokucoceka kunye nokungcola.
Iindidi ezininzi zeewadi ezicocekileyo zabongikazi esibhedlele:
Iiwadi ezicocekileyo zokonga zahlulwe zaba ziiwadi ezihlala bodwa kunye neeyunithi zokhathalelo olukhulu. Iiwadi zokwahlula zohlulwe zibe ngamanqanaba amane ngokomngcipheko webhayoloji: iP1, iP2, iP3, kunye neP4. Iiwadi ze-P1 ngokusisiseko ziyafana neewadi eziqhelekileyo, kwaye akukho sithintelo sikhethekileyo kubantu bangaphandle abangena nabaphumayo; Iiwadi ze-P2 zingqongqo kuneewadi ze-P1, kwaye abangaphandle bathintelwe ngokubanzi ukuba bangene kwaye baphume; Iiwadi ze-P3 zihlukaniswe ngaphandle ngaphandle kweengcango ezinzima okanye amagumbi e-buffer, kwaye uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwegumbi lubi; Iiwadi ze-P4 zihlukaniswe ngaphandle ngaphandle kweendawo ezizimeleyo, kwaye uxinzelelo olubi lwangaphakathi luhlala luhlala kwi-30Pa. Abasebenzi bezonyango banxiba iimpahla ezikhuselayo ukuthintela usulelo. Iiyunithi zokunyamekela kakhulu ziquka i-ICU (iyunithi yokunyamekela kakhulu), i-CCU (iyunithi yokunyamekela isigulane se-cardiovascular), i-NICU (iyunithi yokunakekelwa kwabantwana ngaphambi kwexesha), igumbi le-leukemia, njl. m / s, umswakama ohambelanayo ungaphantsi kwe-60%, kwaye ucoceko luyiklasi ye-100. Ngelo xesha, umoya ococekileyo uhanjiswe kufuneka ufikelele entloko yesigulane. okokuqala, ukuze umlomo kunye nendawo yokuphefumla impumlo kwicala lonikezelo lomoya, kunye nokuhamba okuthe tye kungcono. Umlinganiselo woxinaniso lwebhaktheriya kwiwadi yokutshisa ibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kokuhamba kwe-laminar ethe nkqo kuneenzuzo ezicacileyo kunyango oluvulekileyo, kunye nesantya se-laminar injection ye-0.2m / s, ubushushu be-28-34, kunye nenqanaba lokucoceka kweklasi ye-1000. iiwadi zamalungu zinqabile eTshayina. Olu hlobo lwewadi luneemfuno ezingqongqo kwiqondo lokushisa langaphakathi kunye nomswakama. Ubushushu bulawulwa kwi-23-30 ℃, ukufuma okuhambelanayo yi-40-60%, kwaye iwadi nganye inokulungelelaniswa ngokweemfuno zesigulane. Inqanaba lokucoceka lilawulwa phakathi kweklasi ye-10 kunye neklasi ye-10000, kwaye ingxolo ingaphantsi kwe-45dB (A). Abasebenzi abangena ewadini kufuneka bazihlambulule njengokutshintsha iimpahla kunye nokuhlamba, kwaye iwadi kufuneka igcine uxinzelelo olulungileyo.
Ilebhu:
Iilebhu zohlulwe ngokweelebhu eziqhelekileyo kunye neelebhu zokhuseleko lwendalo. Uvavanyo olwenziwe kwiilabhoratri eziqhelekileyo ezicocekileyo azisosuleli, kodwa okusingqongileyo kuyafuneka ukuba kungabi naziphumo zibi kuvavanyo ngokwalo. Ngoko ke, akukho zixhobo zokukhusela kwibhubhoratri, kwaye ucoceko kufuneka luhlangabezane neemfuno zovavanyo.
Ilabhoratri yokhuseleko lwebhayoloji luvavanyo lwebhayoloji olunezixhobo zokhuseleko ezingundoqo ezinokufikelela ukhuseleko lwesibini. Yonke imifuniselo yezenzululwazi kwimimandla ye-microbiology, i-biomedicine, imifuniselo yokusebenza, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwakhona kwemfuza kufuna iilabhoratri zokhuseleko lwendalo. Undoqo weelebhu ze-biosafety lukhuseleko, ezahlulwe yangamanqanaba amane: i-P1, i-P2, i-P3, kunye ne-P4 ngokomlinganiselo wengozi yebhayoloji.
Iilabhoratri ze-P1 zilungele iipathogens eziqhelekileyo, ezingasoloko zibangela izifo kubantu abadala abasempilweni kwaye zibeke ingozi encinci kubasebenzi bovavanyo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ucango kufuneka luvalwe ngexesha lovavanyo kwaye umsebenzi kufuneka wenziwe ngokovavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwe-microbiological; Iilabhoratri ze-P2 zilungele iintsholongwane ezinokuthi zibe yingozi ngokuphakathi ebantwini nakwimekobume. Ukufikelela kwindawo yovavanyo kuthintelwe. Iimvavanyo ezinokuthi zibangele i-aerosols kufuneka zenziwe kwiiKhabhinethi ze-Biosafety ze-Class II, kwaye i-autoclaves kufuneka ifumaneke; Iilabhoratri ze-P3 zisetyenziswa kwiikliniki, kuxilongo, ekufundiseni, okanye kumaziko okuvelisa. Umsebenzi onxulumene ne-endogenous kunye ne-exogenous pathogens wenziwa kweli nqanaba. Ukuvezwa kunye nokuphefumla i-pathogens kuya kubangela izifo ezinzulu kunye nezinokuthi zibulale. Ilabhoratri ixhotyiswe ngeengcango ezimbini okanye izitshixo zomoya kunye nendawo yovavanyo ezimeleyo engaphandle. Amalungu angengawo abasebenzi abavumelekanga ukuba bangene. Ilabhoratri inoxinzelelo olubi ngokupheleleyo. Iikhabhinethi zeClass II ze-biosafety zisetyenziselwa imifuniselo. Izihluzi zeHepa zisetyenziselwa ukuhluza umoya wangaphakathi kwaye ziwukhuphele ngaphandle. Iilabhoratri zeP4 zineemfuno ezingqongqo kuneelabhoratri zeP3. Ezinye iipathogens eziyingozi zangaphandle zinomngcipheko omkhulu wosulelo lwaselabhoratri kunye nezifo ezibeka ubomi emngciphekweni ezibangelwa kukudluliselwa kweaerosol. Umsebenzi ofanelekileyo kufuneka wenziwe kwiilabhoratri zeP4. Isakhiwo sendawo yokuzimela ezimeleyo kwisakhiwo kunye nesahlulo sangaphandle siyamkelwa. Uxinzelelo olubi lugcinwa ngaphakathi. Iikhabhinethi zeClass III ze-biosafety zisetyenziselwa iimvavanyo. Izixhobo zesahlulelo somoya kunye namagumbi eshawari asekiwe. Abanini-zithuthi kufuneka banxibe iimpahla ezikhuselayo. Abasebenzi abangengabo abasebenzi abavumelekanga ukuba bangene. Undoqo woyilo lweelebhu ze-biosafety kukwahlulwa okuguquguqukayo, kwaye imilinganiselo yokukhupha ijoni. Ukubulala iintsholongwane kwisiza kugxininiswa, kwaye ingqwalasela ihlawulwe ekwahlukaneni kwamanzi acocekileyo namdaka ukuthintela ukusasazeka ngengozi. Ucoceko oluphakathi luyafuneka.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-26-2024