Ishishini lemveliso ye-elektroniki:
Ngophuhliso lweekhompyutha, ii-microelectronics kunye netekhnoloji yolwazi, ishishini lemveliso ye-elektroniki liye lakhula ngokukhawuleza, kwaye netekhnoloji yegumbi elicocekileyo nayo iye yaqhutywa. Kwangaxeshanye, kuye kwabekwa phambili iimfuno eziphezulu zoyilo lwegumbi elicocekileyo. Uyilo lwegumbi elicocekileyo kwishishini lemveliso ye-elektroniki bubuchwepheshe obupheleleyo. Kuphela ngokuqonda ngokupheleleyo iimpawu zoyilo lwegumbi elicocekileyo kwishishini lemveliso ye-elektroniki kunye nokwenza uyilo olufanelekileyo apho izinga elingalunganga leemveliso kwishishini lemveliso ye-elektroniki lingancitshiswa kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kuphuculwe.
Iimpawu zegumbi elicocekileyo kwishishini lokuvelisa nge-elektroniki:
Iimfuneko zomgangatho wococeko ziphezulu, kwaye umthamo womoya, ubushushu, ukufuma, umahluko woxinzelelo, kunye nokukhupha umoya kwizixhobo zilawulwa njengoko kufuneka. Ukukhanya kunye nesantya somoya secandelo legumbi elicocekileyo zilawulwa ngokwendlela yoyilo okanye inkcazo. Ukongeza, olu hlobo lwegumbi elicocekileyo luneemfuno ezingqongqo kakhulu kumbane ongashukumiyo. Iimfuneko zokufuma zinzima kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuba umbane ongashukumiyo uvela lula kwifektri eyomileyo kakhulu, kubangela umonakalo ekuhlanganisweni kweCMOS. Ngokubanzi, ubushushu bomzi-mveliso we-elektroniki kufuneka bulawulwe malunga nama-22°C, kwaye ukufuma okufanelekileyo kufuneka kulawulwe phakathi kwama-50-60% (kukho imigaqo efanelekileyo yobushushu kunye nokufuma kwigumbi elikhethekileyo elicocekileyo). Ngeli xesha, umbane ongashukumiyo unokupheliswa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye abantu banokuziva bekhululekile. Iiworkshops zokuvelisa iitshiphusi, iiworkshops zokucoca zesekethe edibeneyo kunye neeworkshops zokuvelisa iidiski zizinto ezibalulekileyo zegumbi elicocekileyo kwishishini lokuvelisa ii-elektroniki. Ekubeni iimveliso ze-elektroniki zineemfuno ezingqongqo kakhulu kwindawo yomoya wangaphakathi kunye nomgangatho ngexesha lokuvelisa nokuvelisa, zigxila kakhulu ekulawuleni amasuntswana kunye nothuli oludadayo, kwaye zinemigaqo engqongqo kubushushu, ukufuma, umthamo womoya omtsha, ingxolo, njl.njl. yokusingqongileyo.
1. Inqanaba lengxolo (imeko engenanto) kwigumbi elicocekileyo leklasi ye-10,000 yesityalo sokwenza izinto ze-elektroniki: akufuneki libe ngaphezulu kwe-65dB (A).
2. Umlinganiselo opheleleyo wokugubungela igumbi elicocekileyo lokuhamba ngokuthe nkqo kwisityalo sokwenza izinto ze-elektroniki akufuneki ube ngaphantsi kwama-60%, kwaye igumbi elicocekileyo lokuhamba ngokuthe nkqo elihamba ngokuthe nkqo akufuneki libe ngaphantsi kwama-40%, kungenjalo kuya kuba ngumlinganiselo opheleleyo wokuhamba okuthe nkqo.
3. Umahluko phakathi koxinzelelo olungashukumiyo phakathi kwegumbi elicocekileyo kunye nelangaphandle lesityalo sokwenza izinto ze-elektroniki akufuneki ube ngaphantsi kwe-10Pa, kwaye umahluko phakathi koxinzelelo olungashukumiyo phakathi kwendawo ecocekileyo kunye nendawo engacocekanga enomoya owahlukileyo wokucoceka akufanele ube ngaphantsi kwe-5Pa.
4. Ubungakanani bomoya omtsha kwigumbi elicocekileyo leklasi ye-10,000 kwishishini lokuvelisa izinto ze-elektroniki kufuneka buthathe ubuninzi kwezi zinto zimbini zilandelayo:
① Buyisela isixa somthamo wokukhupha umoya ngaphakathi kunye nobungakanani bomoya omtsha ofunekayo ukugcina ixabiso loxinzelelo oluhle ngaphakathi.
② Qinisekisa ukuba umlinganiselo womoya omtsha onikezelwa kwigumbi elicocekileyo ngomntu ngamnye ngeyure awukho ngaphantsi kwe-40m3.
③ Isifudumezi senkqubo yokucoca umoya opholileyo kwigumbi elicocekileyo kwishishini lokuvelisa nge-elektroniki kufuneka sixhotyiswe ngomoya omtsha kunye nokhuseleko lokucima umbane ngokugqithisileyo. Ukuba kusetyenziswa ukufuma kwindawo, kufuneka kubekwe ukhuseleko olungenamanzi. Kwiindawo ezibandayo, inkqubo yomoya ococekileyo kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngamanyathelo okukhusela ukuqandisa. Umthamo womoya wegumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka uthathe ixabiso eliphezulu lala manqaku mathathu alandelayo: umthamo womoya ukuqinisekisa inqanaba lococeko lomoya wegumbi elicocekileyo lesityalo sokwenza nge-elektroniki; umthamo womoya wegumbi elicocekileyo lefektri ye-elektroniki umiselwa ngokwendlela yokubala umthwalo wobushushu kunye nokufuma; ubungakanani bomoya ococekileyo obunikezelwa kwigumbi elicocekileyo lesityalo sokwenza nge-elektroniki.
Ishishini le-biomanufacturing:
Iimpawu zeefektri ze-biopharmaceutical:
1. Igumbi lokucoca le-biopharmaceutical alinazo nje kuphela iindleko eziphezulu zezixhobo, iinkqubo zemveliso ezintsonkothileyo, iimfuno eziphezulu zomgangatho wococeko kunye nokungabi nazintsholongwane, kodwa likwanazo neemfuno ezingqongqo kumgangatho wabasebenzi bemveliso.
2. Iingozi ezinokubakho zebhayoloji ziya kubonakala kwinkqubo yemveliso, ikakhulu iingozi zosulelo, iibhaktheriya ezifileyo okanye iiseli ezifileyo kunye namacandelo okanye imetabolism emzimbeni womntu nakwezinye izinto eziphilayo ubuthi, uvakalelo kunye nezinye iimpendulo zebhayoloji, ubuthi bemveliso, uvakalelo kunye nezinye iimpendulo zebhayoloji, iziphumo zokusingqongileyo.
Indawo ecocekileyo: Igumbi (indawo) apho kufuneka kulawulwe khona amasuntswana othuli kunye nongcoliseko lweentsholongwane kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ulwakhiwo lwesakhiwo salo, izixhobo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwalo zinomsebenzi wokuthintela ukungena, ukuveliswa kunye nokugcinwa kongcoliseko kwindawo leyo.
I-Airlock: Indawo ekwanti eneminyango emibini okanye ngaphezulu phakathi kwamagumbi amabini okanye ngaphezulu (njengamagumbi anemigangatho eyahlukeneyo yococeko). Injongo yokuseta i-airlock kukulawula ukuhamba komoya xa abantu okanye izinto zingena kwaye ziphuma kwi-airlock. I-Airlocks zahlulwe zibe zii-airlocks zabasebenzi kunye nee-airlocks eziphathekayo.
Iimpawu ezisisiseko zegumbi elicocekileyo le-biopharmaceuticals: amasuntswana othuli kunye neentsholongwane kufuneka zibe zizinto zolawulo lokusingqongileyo. Ukucoceka kwendawo yokusebenzela yokuvelisa amayeza kwahlulwe ngamanqanaba amane: iklasi yendawo ye-100, iklasi ye-1000, iklasi ye-10000 kunye neklasi ye-30000 phantsi kwemvelaphi yeklasi ye-100 okanye iklasi ye-10000.
Ubushushu begumbi elicocekileyo: ngaphandle kweemfuno ezizodwa, kuma-18~26 degrees, kwaye umswakama ohambelanayo ulawulwa kuma-45%~65%. Ulawulo longcoliseko kwiindawo zokusebenzela ezicocekileyo ze-biopharmaceutical: ulawulo lomthombo wongcoliseko, ulawulo lwenkqubo yokusasazwa, kunye nolawulo longcoliseko olunqamlezileyo. Itekhnoloji ephambili yamayeza egumbi elicocekileyo kukulawula uthuli kunye neentsholongwane. Njengongcoliseko, iintsholongwane zezona zinto ziphambili kulawulo lokusingqongileyo lwegumbi elicocekileyo. Ungcoliseko oluqokelelene kwizixhobo kunye nemibhobho kwindawo ecocekileyo yesityalo samayeza lunokungcolisa ngokuthe ngqo amayeza, kodwa aluchaphazeli uvavanyo lococeko. Inqanaba lococeko alifanelekanga ukuchaza iimpawu zomzimba, iikhemikhali, ii-radioactive kunye neempawu ezibalulekileyo zeesuntswana ezixhonyiweyo. Andazi ngenkqubo yokuvelisa amayeza, izizathu zongcoliseko kunye neendawo apho ungcoliseko luqokelelana khona, kunye neendlela kunye nemigangatho yovavanyo yokususa ungcoliseko.
Ezi meko zilandelayo ziqhelekile ekuguqulweni kwetekhnoloji ye-GMP kwizityalo zamayeza:
Ngenxa yokungaqondi kakuhle ukuqonda okubangelwa kukuqonda, ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ecocekileyo kwinkqubo yokulawula ungcoliseko akulunganga, kwaye ekugqibeleni ezinye izityalo zamayeza zityale imali eninzi ekuguquleni, kodwa umgangatho wamayeza awukaphuculwa kakhulu.
Uyilo nokwakhiwa kwezityalo zokuvelisa amayeza acocekileyo, ukwenziwa nokufakelwa kwezixhobo kunye nezibonelelo kwizityalo, umgangatho wezinto eziluhlaza nezincedisayo kunye nezixhobo zokupakisha ezisetyenziswa kwimveliso, kunye nokuphunyezwa kakubi kweenkqubo zolawulo lwabantu abacocekileyo kunye nezibonelelo ezicocekileyo kuya kuchaphazela umgangatho wemveliso. Izizathu ezichaphazela umgangatho wemveliso ekwakheni kukuba kukho iingxaki kwikhonkco lolawulo lwenkqubo, kwaye kukho iingozi ezifihlakeleyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokufakela nokwakha, ezizezi zilandelayo:
① Udonga olungaphakathi lombhobho womoya wenkqubo yokucoca umoya alucocekanga, uqhagamshelo aluqinanga, kwaye izinga lokuvuza komoya likhulu kakhulu;
2 Isakhiwo sokuvala ipleyiti yentsimbi enemibala asiqinile, iindlela zokuvala phakathi kwegumbi elicocekileyo kunye ne-mezzanine yobugcisa (isilingi) azifanelekanga, kwaye ucango oluvaliweyo alunamoya;
③ Iiprofayili zokuhombisa kunye nemibhobho yenkqubo zenza iikona ezifileyo kunye nokuqokelelwa kothuli kwigumbi elicocekileyo;
④ Ezinye iindawo azakhiwanga ngokweemfuno zoyilo kwaye azikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno nemigaqo efanelekileyo;
⑤ Umgangatho wesitywina esisetyenzisiweyo awukho semgangathweni, kulula ukuwa, kwaye uyawohloka;
⑥ Iipaseji zepleyiti yentsimbi enombala wokubuya kunye nokukhupha umoya ziqhagamshelwe, kwaye uthuli lungena kumjelo womoya obuyayo ovela kwi-exhaust;
⑦ I-weld yodonga lwangaphakathi ayenziwa xa kudityaniswa imibhobho yentsimbi engagqwaliyo efana namanzi acociweyo kunye namanzi afakwe kwi-injection;
⑧ Ivalvu yokuhlola imibhobho yomoya ayisebenzi, kwaye ukuphuma komoya emva komoya kubangela ungcoliseko;
⑨ Umgangatho wokufakelwa kwenkqubo yokukhupha amanzi awukho semgangathweni, kwaye irakhi yombhobho kunye nezixhobo kulula ukuqokelela uthuli;
⑩ Ukuseta umahluko woxinzelelo kwigumbi elicocekileyo akufanelanga kwaye akuhlangabezani neemfuno zenkqubo yokuvelisa.
Ishishini lokuprinta kunye nokupakisha:
Ngophuhliso loluntu, iimveliso zoshishino lokushicilela kunye noshishino lokupakisha nazo ziphucukile. Izixhobo zokushicilela ezinkulu zingene kwigumbi lokucoca, nto leyo enokuphucula kakhulu umgangatho weemveliso eziprintiweyo kwaye yonyuse kakhulu izinga elifanelekileyo leemveliso. Oku kukwayindlela engcono kakhulu yokudibanisa ishishini lokucoca kunye noshishino lokushicilela. Ukuprinta kubonakalisa kakhulu ubushushu kunye nokufuma kwemveliso kwindawo yokugquma, inani lamasuntswana othuli, kwaye kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kumgangatho wemveliso kunye nezinga elifanelekileyo. Ishishini lokupakisha libonakaliswa kakhulu kubushushu kunye nokufuma kwendawo, inani lamasuntswana othuli emoyeni, kunye nomgangatho wamanzi ekupakisheni kokutya kunye nokupakisha amayeza. Kakade ke, iinkqubo zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni zabasebenzi bemveliso nazo zibaluleke kakhulu.
Ukutshiza okungenathuli yiworkshop ezimeleyo evaliweyo eyenziwe ziiphaneli zesandwich zentsimbi, ezinokuhluza ngokufanelekileyo ungcoliseko lomoya ongcolileyo kwiimveliso kwaye zinciphise uthuli kwindawo yokutshiza kunye nesantya esingalunganga semveliso. Ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji engenathuli kuphucula ngakumbi umgangatho wembonakalo yeemveliso, ezifana neTV/computer, ishelufu yefowuni ephathwayo, iDVD/VCD, ikhonsoli yomdlalo, irekhoda yevidiyo, ikhompyutha ephathwayo yePDA, ishelufu yekhamera, iaudio, isomisi seenwele, iMD, izimonyo, amathoyizi kunye nezinye izinto zokusebenza. Inkqubo: indawo yokulayisha → ukususwa kothuli ngesandla → ukususwa kothuli ngombane → ukutshiza ngesandla/ngokuzenzekelayo → indawo yokomisa → indawo yokunyanga ipeyinti ye-UV → indawo yokuphola → indawo yokuprinta isikrini → indawo yokuhlolwa komgangatho → indawo yokwamkela.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba indawo yokusebenzela engenalo uthuli ekupakisheni ukutya isebenza kakuhle, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba iyahlangabezana neemfuno zezi khrayitheriya zilandelayo:
① Umthamo womoya kwindawo yokupakisha ukutya engenathuli wanele ukunyibilikisa okanye ukuphelisa ungcoliseko olubangelwa ngaphakathi endlwini.
② Umoya okwindawo yokusebenzela engenathuli yokupakisha ukutya uphuma kwindawo ecocekileyo uye kwindawo ecocekileyo, ukuhamba komoya ongcolileyo kuncitshisiwe, kwaye indlela umoya oya ngayo emnyango nakwisakhiwo sangaphakathi ichanekile.
③ Umoya ofumaneka kwindawo yokupakisha ukutya engenathuli awuyi kuyinyusa kakhulu ingcoliseko yangaphakathi.
④ Imeko yokuhamba komoya wangaphakathi kwindawo yokupakisha ukutya engenathuli inokuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ndawo yokuqokelelana koxinzelelo oluphezulu kwigumbi elivaliweyo. Ukuba igumbi elicocekileyo liyahlangabezana neemfuno zemigangatho engentla, uxinzelelo lwalo lwamasuntswana okanye uxinzelelo lweentsholongwane (ukuba kuyimfuneko) lunokulinganiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba luyahlangabezana nemigangatho echaziweyo yegumbi elicocekileyo.
Ishishini lokupakisha ukutya:
1. Umoya ococekileyo kunye nomthamo wokukhupha umoya: Ukuba ligumbi elicocekileyo elinomoya ovuthuzayo, kufuneka kulinganiswe umthamo womoya kunye nomthamo wokukhupha umoya. Ukuba ligumbi elicocekileyo elingakhethi cala, isantya somoya kufuneka silinganiswe.
2. Ulawulo lokuhamba komoya phakathi kweendawo: Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba indlela ukuhamba komoya phakathi kweendawo ichanekile, oko kukuthi, kuhamba ukusuka kwindawo ecocekileyo ukuya kwindawo ecocekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuvavanya:
① Umahluko woxinzelelo phakathi kwendawo nganye uchanekile;
② Indlela umoya ohamba ngayo emnyango okanye kwiindawo ezivulekileyo eludongeni, emgangathweni, njl.njl. ichanekile, oko kukuthi, uphuma kwindawo ecocekileyo uye kwindawo engacocekanga kakuhle.
3. Ukuchonga ukuvuza kwesihluzo: Isihluzo esisebenza kakuhle kunye nesakhelo saso sangaphandle kufuneka sihlolwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba ungcoliseko olumisiweyo aludluli:
① Isihluzi esonakeleyo;
② Umsantsa phakathi kwesihluzo kunye nesakhelo saso sangaphandle;
③ Ezinye iindawo zesixhobo sokucoca zingene egumbini.
4. Ukuchonga ukuvuza okwahlulwe ngabanye: Olu vavanyo lukukubonisa ukuba ungcoliseko oluxhonyiweyo alungeni kwizixhobo zokwakha luze lungene kwigumbi elicocekileyo.
5. Ulawulo lokuhamba komoya ngaphakathi: Uhlobo lovavanyo lolawulo lokuhamba komoya luxhomekeke kwipateni yokuhamba komoya kwigumbi elicocekileyo - nokuba liyagungqa okanye alikho kwicala elinye. Ukuba ukuhamba komoya kwigumbi elicocekileyo kuyagungqa, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba akukho ndawo kwigumbi apho ukuhamba komoya kunganeli khona. Ukuba ligumbi elicocekileyo elihamba kwicala elinye, kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba isantya somoya kunye necala lomoya kwigumbi lonke ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo.
6. Uxinzelelo oluxinyiweyo lwee-particle kunye noxinzelelo lwee-microbial: Ukuba olu vavanyo lungentla luyahlangabezana neemfuno, uxinzelelo lwee-particle kunye noxinzelelo lwee-microbial (xa kuyimfuneko) ekugqibeleni ziyalinganiswa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zobugcisa zoyilo lwegumbi elicocekileyo.
7. Ezinye iimvavanyo: Ukongeza kwiimvavanyo zokulawula ungcoliseko ezingentla, kufuneka kwenziwe olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi vavanyo zilandelayo ngamanye amaxesha: ubushushu; ukufuma; amandla okufudumeza ngaphakathi kunye nokupholisa; ixabiso lengxolo; ukukhanya; ixabiso lokungcangcazela.
Ishishini lokupakisha amayeza:
1. Iimfuno zolawulo lokusingqongileyo:
① Nika inqanaba lokucoca umoya elifunekayo kwimveliso. Inani lamasuntswana othuli lomoya kunye neentsholongwane eziphilayo kwiprojekthi yokucoca i-packing workshop kufuneka livavanywe kwaye lirekhodwe rhoqo. Umahluko woxinzelelo olungaguqukiyo phakathi kwe-packing workshops zamanqanaba ahlukeneyo kufuneka ugcinwe ngaphakathi kwexabiso elichaziweyo.
② Ubushushu kunye nokufuma okulinganiselweyo kweprojekthi yokucoca i-packing workshop kufuneka kuhambelane neemfuno zayo zenkqubo yokuvelisa.
③ Indawo yemveliso yeepenicillins, amayeza abangela i-allergies kakhulu kunye namayeza okulwa nomhlaza kufuneka axhotyiswe ngenkqubo yomoya opholileyo ezimeleyo, kwaye igesi yokukhupha umoya kufuneka icocwe.
④ Kumagumbi avelisa uthuli, kufuneka kufakwe izixhobo zokuqokelela uthuli ezisebenzayo ukuthintela ukungcoliswa kothuli.
⑤ Kumagumbi okuvelisa ancedisayo anjengendawo yokugcina izinto, izixhobo zokungenisa umoya kunye nobushushu kunye nokufuma kufuneka kuhambelane neemfuno zokwenziwa kwamayeza kunye nokupakishwa kwawo.
2. Ukwahlulwa kweendawo zokucoceka kunye nokuphindaphinda komoya: Igumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka lilawule ngokungqongqo ukucoceka komoya, kunye nemigangatho efana nobushushu bendalo, ukufuma, umthamo womoya omtsha kunye nomahluko woxinzelelo.
① Inqanaba lokucoca kunye nokuphindaphinda komoya kwindawo yokusebenzela yokuvelisa amayeza kunye nokupakisha. Ucoceko lomoya kwiprojekthi yokucoca kwindawo yokusebenzela yokuvelisa amayeza kunye nokupakisha lwahlulwe ngamanqanaba amane: iklasi ye-100, iklasi ye-10,000, iklasi ye-100,000 kunye neklasi ye-300,000. Ukufumanisa ukuphindaphinda komoya kwigumbi elicocekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuthelekisa umthamo womoya wento nganye kwaye uthathe ixabiso eliphezulu. Ngokwenyani, ukuphindaphinda komoya kwiklasi ye-100 yi-300-400 amaxesha/iyure, iklasi ye-10,000 yi-25-35 amaxesha/iyure, kwaye iklasi ye-100,000 yi-15-20 amaxesha/iyure.
② Ukwahlulahlula iindawo zokucoca kwiprojekthi yegumbi lokucoca kwindawo yokupakisha amayeza. Ukwahlulahlula iindawo zokucoca imveliso yamayeza kunye nendawo yokupakisha kusekelwe kumgangatho wokucoca wesizwe.
③ Ukumiselwa kwezinye iiparameter zokusingqongileyo zeprojekthi yegumbi lokucoca kwindawo yokupakisha.
④ Ubushushu kunye nokufuma kweprojekthi yegumbi lokucoca kwindawo yokupakisha. Ubushushu kunye nokufuma kwegumbi lokucoca kufuneka kuhambelane nenkqubo yokuvelisa amayeza. Ubushushu: 20~23℃ (ehlotyeni) kucoceko lweklasi ye-100 kunye nolweklasi ye-10,000, 24~26℃ kucoceko lweklasi ye-100,000 kunye nolweklasi ye-300,000, 26~27℃ kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo. Ucoceko lweklasi ye-100 kunye ne-10,000 ngamagumbi angenazintsholongwane. Umswakama ohambelanayo: 45-50% (ehlotyeni) kumayeza acocekileyo, 50%~55% kulungiselelo oluqinileyo olufana neepilisi, 55%~65% kumayeza okujova kunye nolwelo oluselwa ngomlomo.
⑤ Coca uxinzelelo lwegumbi ukuze kugcinwe ucoceko lwangaphakathi, uxinzelelo oluhle kufuneka lugcinwe ngaphakathi. Kumagumbi acocekileyo avelisa uthuli, izinto eziyingozi, kwaye avelise amayeza e-penicillin abangela i-allergies kakhulu, kufuneka kuthintelwe ungcoliseko lwangaphandle okanye uxinzelelo olubi kufuneka lugcinwe phakathi kweendawo. Uxinzelelo olungaguqukiyo lwamagumbi anamanqanaba ahlukeneyo ococeko. Uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kufuneka lugcinwe lulungile, umahluko ongaphezulu kwe-5Pa ukusuka kwigumbi elikufutshane, kwaye umahluko woxinzelelo olungaguqukiyo phakathi kwegumbi elicocekileyo kunye nomoya wangaphandle kufuneka ube ngaphezulu kwe-10Pa.
Ishishini lokutya:
Ukutya yeyona nto ifunekayo ebantwini, kwaye izifo zivela emlonyeni, ngoko ke ukhuseleko kunye nococeko lweshishini lokutya lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Ukhuseleko kunye nococeko lokutya kufuneka lulawulwe kwiinkalo ezintathu: okokuqala, ukusebenza okusemgangathweni kwabasebenzi bemveliso; okwesibini, ulawulo longcoliseko lwangaphandle lokusingqongileyo (indawo yokusebenza ecocekileyo kufuneka imiselwe. Okwesithathu, umthombo wokuthengwa kwempahla kufuneka ungabi nazinto ezibangela iingxaki kwimveliso.
Indawo yeworkshop yokuvelisa ukutya ilungelelaniswe nemveliso, inesakhiwo esifanelekileyo kunye nokukhupha amanzi agudileyo; umgangatho weworkshop wakhiwe ngezinto ezingatyibilikiyo, ezomeleleyo, ezingangeni manzi kwaye ezingangeni mhlwa, kwaye zithe tyaba, azinamanzi aqokeleleneyo, kwaye zigcinwa zicocekile; indawo yokuphuma yeworkshop kunye neendawo zokukhupha amanzi kunye nokungenisa umoya ezidityaniswe nehlabathi langaphandle zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zokulwa neempuku, ezichasene neempukane kunye nezinambuzane. Iindonga, iisilingi, iingcango kunye neefestile kwiworkshop kufuneka zakhiwe ngezinto ezingenabungozi, ezinombala okhanyayo, ezingangeni manzi, ezingangeni mhlwa, ezingachithiyo kwaye kulula ukuzicoca. Iikona zeendonga, iikona zomhlaba kunye neekona eziphezulu kufuneka zibe ne-arc (i-radius ye-curvature akufuneki ibe ngaphantsi kwe-3cm). Iitafile zokusebenza, iibhanti zokuhambisa, izithuthi zothutho kunye nezixhobo kwiworkshop kufuneka zenziwe ngezinto ezingenabungozi, ezingabandezeli mhlwa, ezingenamhlwa, ezilula ukuzicoca kunye nezibulala-ntsholongwane, kunye nezinto eziqinileyo. Inani elaneleyo lezixhobo okanye izinto zokuhlamba izandla, zokubulala iintsholongwane kunye nezomisa izandla kufuneka zibekwe kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo, kwaye iimpompo mazibe zizinto zokutshintsha ezingezizo ezesandla. Ngokweemfuno zokucubungula imveliso, kufuneka kubekho izixhobo zokubulala iintsholongwane zezihlangu, izihlangu kunye namavili emnyango we-workshop. Kufuneka kubekho igumbi lokunxiba elidityaniswe ne-workshop. Ngokweemfuno zokucubungula imveliso, izindlu zangasese kunye namagumbi okuhlamba adityaniswe ne-workshop nazo kufuneka zimiselwe.
Izixhobo ze-Optoelectronics:
Igumbi lokucoca iimveliso ze-optoelectronic ngokubanzi lifanelekile kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki, iikhompyutha, iifektri ze-semiconductor, ishishini leemoto, ishishini leenqwelo moya, i-photolithography, imveliso ye-microcomputer kunye namanye amashishini. Ukongeza ekucocekeni komoya, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimfuno zokususwa kombane ongashukumiyo ziyafezekiswa. Oku kulandelayo yintshayelelo kwiworkshop yokucoca engenathuli kwishishini le-optoelectronics, kuthathwa njengomzekelo kwishishini lanamhlanje le-LED.
Uhlalutyo lweprojekthi yokufakelwa kweworkshop yokucoca i-LED kunye nolwakhiwo: Kolu yilo, ibhekisa ekufakweni kwezinye iiworkshops ezingenathuli zokucoca iinkqubo zesiphelo, kwaye ucoceko lwayo lokucoca luhlala lukwiklasi ye-1,000, iklasi ye-10,000 okanye iklasi ye-100,000 yokucoca. Ukufakelwa kweeworkshops zokucoca isikrini se-backlight ikakhulu kukwenzelwa iiworkshops zokunyathela, ukuhlanganisa kunye nezinye iiworkshops zokucoca zezo mveliso, kwaye ucoceko lwayo luhlala lukwiklasi ye-10,000 okanye iklasi ye-100,000 yokucoca. Iimfuno zeparameter yomoya wangaphakathi wokufakelwa kweworkshop yokucoca i-LED:
1. Iimfuno zobushushu kunye nokufuma: Ubushushu ngokubanzi buyi-24±2℃, kwaye ukufuma okuqhelekileyo yi-55±5%.
2. Umthamo womoya omtsha: Ekubeni kukho abantu abaninzi kolu hlobo lweworkshop ecocekileyo engenathuli, la maxabiso aphezulu alandelayo kufuneka athathwe ngokwala maxabiso alandelayo: i-10-30% yomthamo womoya uwonke weworkshop ecocekileyo engakhethi cala; ubungakanani bomoya omtsha ofunekayo ukuhlawula umphunga wangaphakathi kunye nokugcina ixabiso loxinzelelo oluhle lwangaphakathi; qinisekisa ukuba umthamo womoya omtsha wangaphakathi ngomntu ngamnye ngeyure yi-≥40m3/h.
3. Umthamo omkhulu womoya. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nococeko kunye nokulinganisela kobushushu kunye nokufuma kwindawo yokusebenzela yokucoca, kufuneka umthamo omkhulu womoya. Kwindawo yokusebenzela engama-300 square metres enokuphakama kophahla oluziimitha eziyi-2.5, ukuba yi-class 10,000 cleanroom workshop, umthamo womoya kufuneka ube yi-300*2.5*30=22500m3/h (ubuninzi bokutshintsha komoya buyi-≥25 amaxesha/h); ukuba yi-class 100,000 cleanroom workshop, umthamo womoya kufuneka ube yi-300*2.5*20=15000m3/h (ubuninzi bokutshintsha komoya buyi-≥15 amaxesha/h).
Ezonyango kunye nempilo:
Iteknoloji ecocekileyo ikwabizwa ngokuba yiteknoloji yegumbi elicocekileyo. Ukongeza ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno eziqhelekileyo zobushushu kunye nokufuma kumagumbi anomoya opholileyo, kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zobunjineli kunye nobuchwepheshe kunye nolawulo olungqongqo ukulawula umxholo wezinto zangaphakathi, ukuhamba komoya, uxinzelelo, njl.njl. ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile. Olu hlobo lwegumbi lubizwa ngokuba ligumbi elicocekileyo. Igumbi elicocekileyo liyakhiwa kwaye lisetyenziswa esibhedlele. Ngophuhliso lwezonyango kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo kunye netekhnoloji ephezulu, itekhnoloji ecocekileyo isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zonyango, kwaye neemfuno zobugcisa ngokwazo ziphezulu. Amagumbi acocekileyo asetyenziswa kunyango lwezonyango ahlulwe ngokubanzi ngamacandelo amathathu: amagumbi okusebenzela acocekileyo, amagumbi okuhlala abantu abagulayo acocekileyo kunye neelabhoratri ezicocekileyo.
Igumbi lokusebenza leModular:
Igumbi lokusebenza leModular lithatha iintsholongwane zangaphakathi njengenjongo yokulawula, iiparameter zokusebenza kunye nezalathisi zokwahlulahlula, kwaye ukucoceka komoya yimeko eyimfuneko yokuqinisekisa. Igumbi lokusebenza leModular linokwahlulwa libe ngamanqanaba alandelayo ngokwezinga lokucoceka:
1. Igumbi lotyando olukhethekileyo: Ucoceko lwendawo yotyando ludidi lwe-100, kwaye indawo ejikelezileyo ididi lwe-1,000. Ifanelekile kwiinkqubo zokungabolisi ezifana nokutsha, ukuguqulwa kwamalungu, ukufakelwa amalungu, utyando lobuchopho, i-ophthalmology, utyando lweplastiki kunye notyando lwentliziyo.
2. Igumbi lotyando oluyi-modular: Ucoceko lwendawo yotyando ludidi lwe-1000, kwaye indawo ejikelezileyo ididi lwe-10,000. Ifanelekile kwiinkqubo zotyando olungenatyhefu ezifana notyando lwesifuba, utyando lweplastiki, urology, utyando lwesibindi kunye nepancreas, utyando lwamathambo kunye nokufunyanwa kwamaqanda.
3. Igumbi lokusebenza le-modular ngokubanzi: Ucoceko lwendawo yokusebenza ludidi lwe-10,000, kwaye indawo ejikelezileyo ididi lwe-100,000. Ifanelekile kutyando oluqhelekileyo, i-dermatology kunye notyando lwesisu.
4. Igumbi lokuhlinza elinokucoca ngokupheleleyo: Ucoceko lomoya ludidi lwe-100,000, olufanelekileyo kwiingcali zokubelekisa, utyando lwe-anorectal kunye nezinye iinkqubo. Ukongeza kwinqanaba lokucoceka kunye noxinzelelo lweebhaktheriya kwigumbi lokuhlinza elicocekileyo, iiparameter zobugcisa ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zihambelane nemigaqo efanelekileyo. Jonga itheyibhile ephambili yeeparameter zobugcisa zamagumbi kuwo onke amanqanaba kwicandelo lokuhlinza elicocekileyo. Uyilo lweplani yegumbi lokuhlinza elinokucoca kufuneka lwahlulwe lube ngamacandelo amabini: indawo ecocekileyo kunye nendawo engacocekanga ngokweemfuno eziqhelekileyo. Igumbi lokuhlinza kunye namagumbi asebenzayo akhonza ngokuthe ngqo igumbi lokuhlinza kufuneka abe kwindawo ecocekileyo. Xa abantu kunye nezinto bedlula kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlinza kwigumbi lokuhlinza elinokucoca, kufuneka kufakwe izitshixo zomoya, amagumbi e-buffer okanye ibhokisi yokupasa. Igumbi lokuhlinza ngokubanzi likwindawo engundoqo. Iplani yangaphakathi kunye nefom yetshaneli kufuneka ihambelane nemigaqo yokuhamba komsebenzi kunye nokwahlula ngokucacileyo ukucoceka nokungcolileyo.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeewadi zokonga ezicocekileyo esibhedlele:
Iiwadi zokonga ezicocekileyo zahlulwe zibe ziiwadi zokwahlukaniswa kunye neeyunithi zokhathalelo olunzulu. Iiwadi zokwahlukaniswa zahlulwe zibe ngamanqanaba amane ngokwengozi yebhayoloji: i-P1, i-P2, i-P3, kunye ne-P4. Iiwadi ze-P1 ziyafana neewadi eziqhelekileyo, kwaye akukho mthetho ukhethekileyo wokuba abantu bangaphandle bangene kwaye baphume; Iiwadi ze-P2 zingqongqo kuneewadi ze-P1, kwaye abantu bangaphandle ngokubanzi abavumelekanga ukungena nokuphuma; Iiwadi ze-P3 zahlulwe ngaphandle ngeengcango ezinzima okanye amagumbi okugcina, kwaye uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwegumbi alunawo; Iiwadi ze-P4 zahlulwe ngaphandle ziindawo zokwahlukaniswa, kwaye uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi olungenawo ukhuseleko luhlala luhleli kwi-30Pa. Abasebenzi bezonyango banxiba iimpahla zokuzikhusela ukuthintela usulelo. Iiyunithi zokhathalelo olunzulu ziquka i-ICU (iyunithi yokhathalelo olunzulu), i-CCU (iyunithi yokhathalelo lwentliziyo), i-NICU (iyunithi yokhathalelo lweentsana ezingekafiki ixesha), igumbi le-leukemia, njl. Ubushushu begumbi le-leukemia yi-242, isantya somoya yi-0.15-0.3/m/s, umswakama ohambelanayo ungaphantsi kwe-60%, kwaye ucoceko lukwiklasi ye-100. Kwangaxeshanye, umoya ococekileyo ohanjiswayo kufuneka ufikelele entlokweni yesigulane kuqala, ukuze indawo yokuphefumla yomlomo nempumlo ibe kwicala lonikezelo lomoya, kwaye ukuhamba okuthe tye kube ngcono. Ukulinganiswa koxinzelelo lweebhaktheriya kwiwadi yokutsha kubonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kokuhamba kwe-laminar ngokuthe nkqo kuneengenelo ezicacileyo kunonyango oluvulekileyo, ngesantya sokufakwa kwe-laminar se-0.2m/s, ubushushu be-28-34, kunye nenqanaba lococeko leklasi ye-1000. Iiwadi zezitho zokuphefumla zinqabile eTshayina. Olu hlobo lwewadi luneemfuneko ezingqongqo kubushushu bangaphakathi kunye nomswakama. Ubushushu bulawulwa kwi-23-30℃, umswakama ohambelanayo yi-40-60%, kwaye iwadi nganye inokulungiswa ngokweemfuno zesigulana. Inqanaba lokucoceka lilawulwa phakathi kweklasi ye-10 kunye neklasi ye-10000, kwaye ingxolo ingaphantsi kwe-45dB (A). Abasebenzi abangena kwiwadi kufuneka bahlanjululwe njengokutshintsha impahla kunye nokuhlamba, kwaye iwadi kufuneka igcine uxinzelelo oluhle.
Ilebhu:
Iilabhoratri zahlulwe zaba ziilabhoratri eziqhelekileyo kunye neelabhoratri zokhuseleko lwebhayoloji. Uvavanyo oluqhutywa kwiilabhoratri eziqhelekileyo ezicocekileyo alunazo izifo, kodwa imeko-bume iyimfuneko ukuze ingabi namiphumo mibi kuvavanyo ngokwalo. Ke ngoko, akukho zixhobo zokukhusela kwilabhoratri, kwaye ucoceko kufuneka luhlangabezane neemfuno zovavanyo.
Ilebhu yokhuseleko lwebhayoloji luvavanyo lwebhayoloji olunezixhobo zokhuseleko eziphambili ezinokufezekisa ukhuseleko lwesibini. Zonke iimvavanyo zesayensi kwicandelo le-microbiology, i-biomedicine, iimvavanyo ezisebenzayo, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwezakhi zofuzo zifuna iilebhu zokhuseleko lwebhayoloji. Eyona nto iphambili kwiilebhu zokhuseleko lwebhayoloji kukhuseleko, ezahlulwe zibe ngamanqanaba amane: i-P1, i-P2, i-P3, kunye ne-P4 ngokwezinga lengozi yebhayoloji.
Iilabhoratri ze-P1 zifanelekile kwiintsholongwane eziqhelekileyo, ezingasoloko zibangela izifo kubantu abadala abasempilweni kwaye zingabangeli bungozi bungako kubasebenzi bovavanyo nakwindalo esingqongileyo. Ucango kufuneka luvalwe ngexesha lovavanyo kwaye olu tyando kufuneka lwenziwe ngokweemvavanyo eziqhelekileyo ze-microbiological; iilabhoratri ze-P2 zifanelekile kwiintsholongwane ezinokuba yingozi ebantwini nakwindalo esingqongileyo. Ukufikelela kwindawo yovavanyo kuthintelwe. Iimvavanyo ezinokubangela ii-aerosols kufuneka zenziwe kwiikhabhathi ze-biosafety zeKlasi yesiBini, kwaye ii-autoclaves kufuneka zifumaneke; iilabhoratri ze-P3 zisetyenziswa kwiindawo zonyango, zokuxilonga, zokufundisa, okanye zemveliso. Umsebenzi onxulumene neentsholongwane zendalo kunye nezangaphandle wenziwa kweli nqanaba. Ukuvezwa kunye nokuphefumla kweentsholongwane kuya kubangela izifo ezinzulu nezinokuba yingozi. Ilabhoratri ixhotyiswe ngeengcango ezimbini okanye izitshixo zomoya kunye nendawo yovavanyo yangaphandle ekwahlukileyo. Amalungu angengabo abasebenzi akavumelekanga ukungena. Ilabhoratri icinezelwe kakubi ngokupheleleyo. Iikhabhathi ze-biosafety zeKlasi yesiBini zisetyenziselwa iimvavanyo. Iifilitha ze-Hepa zisetyenziselwa ukucoca umoya wangaphakathi kunye nokuwukhupha ngaphandle. Iilabhoratri ze-P4 zineemfuno ezingqongqo kuneelebhoratri ze-P3. Ezinye iintsholongwane eziyingozi zangaphandle zinomngcipheko omkhulu wokosuleleka kwilebhu kunye nezifo ezisongela ubomi ezibangelwa kukudluliselwa kwe-aerosol. Umsebenzi ofanelekileyo kufuneka wenziwe kwiilebhu ze-P4. Ulwakhiwo lwendawo yokwahlulwa ezimeleyo kwisakhiwo kunye nesahlulo sangaphandle luyasetyenziswa. Uxinzelelo olubi lugcinwa ngaphakathi. Iikhabhathi ze-biosafety zeKlasi III zisetyenziselwa iimvavanyo. Izixhobo zokwahlulwa komoya kunye namagumbi okuhlamba amiselwe. Abasebenzi kufuneka banxibe iimpahla zokuzikhusela. Amalungu angengabo abasebenzi awavumelekanga ukungena. Eyona nto iphambili kuyilo lweelebhu ze-biosafety kukwahlulwa okuguquguqukayo, kwaye amanyathelo okukhupha umoya yeyona nto iphambili. Ukubulala iintsholongwane kwindawo kuyagxininiswa, kwaye ingqalelo inikwa ekwahlulweni kwamanzi acocekileyo nangcolileyo ukuthintela ukusasazeka ngengozi. Ucoceko oluphakathi luyafuneka.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-26-2024