Izixhobo zombane zezona zinto ziphambili zamagumbi acocekileyo kwaye zizixhobo zombane ezibalulekileyo zikawonke-wonke eziyimfuneko ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo nasekukhuselekeni kwalo naluphi na uhlobo lwegumbi elicocekileyo.
Amagumbi acocekileyo ayimveliso yophuhliso lwesayensi netekhnoloji yanamhlanje. Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwesayensi netekhnoloji, ubuchwepheshe obutsha, iinkqubo ezintsha, kunye neemveliso ezintsha zihlala zivela, kwaye ukuchaneka kwemveliso kuyanda imihla ngemihla, nto leyo ebeka phambili iimfuno ezingqongqo zokucoceka komoya. Okwangoku, amagumbi acocekileyo asetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni nasekuphandeni iimveliso zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ezifana ne-elektroniki, ii-biopharmaceuticals, i-aerospace, kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo ngokuchanekileyo. Ukucoceka komoya kwigumbi elicocekileyo kunempembelelo enkulu kumgangatho weemveliso ezineemfuno zokucoceka. Ke ngoko, ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwenkqubo yokucoceka komoya kufuneka kugcinwe. Kuyaqondakala ukuba izinga lokufaneleka kweemveliso eziveliswa phantsi kokucoceka komoya okuchaziweyo linokwandiswa nge-10% ukuya kwi-30%. Nje ukuba kubekho ukucima kombane, umoya wangaphakathi uza kungcoliswa kungekudala, nto leyo echaphazela kakhulu umgangatho wemveliso.
Amagumbi acocekileyo ziindawo ezivalekileyo ezinotyalo-mali olukhulu kunye neendleko eziphezulu zemveliso, kwaye zifuna ukusebenza okuqhubekayo, okukhuselekileyo nokuzinzileyo. Ukucima kombane kwiindawo zombane kwigumbi elicocekileyo kuya kubangela ukuphazamiseka kokunikezelwa komoya, umoya omtsha kwigumbi awunakuzaliswa, kwaye iigesi eziyingozi azinakukhutshwa, nto leyo eyonakalisa impilo yabasebenzi. Nokuba ukucima kombane kwexesha elifutshane kuya kubangela ukuvalwa kwexesha elifutshane, okuya kubangela ilahleko enkulu kwezoqoqosho. Izixhobo zombane ezineemfuno ezikhethekileyo zokunikezelwa kombane kwigumbi elicocekileyo zihlala zixhotyiswe ngombane ongaphazanyiswayo (UPS). Izixhobo zombane ezibizwa ngokuba ziimfuno ezikhethekileyo zokunikezelwa kombane zibhekisa kakhulu kwezo zingenakuhlangabezana neemfuno nokuba zisebenzisa imo yokubonelela ngombane ozenzekelayo okanye imo yokuqalisa ngongxamiseko yeseti yejenereyitha yedizili; ezo zingenakuhlangabezana neemfuno ngezixhobo zokuzinzisa umbane ngokubanzi kunye nezixhobo zokuzinzisa ukuphindaphinda; iinkqubo zolawulo lwekhompyutha ngexesha langempela kunye nenkqubo yokujonga inethiwekhi yonxibelelwano, njl. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukucima kombane kwenzeke rhoqo kwezinye iindawo ezicocekileyo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ngenxa yokubetha kombane kunye notshintsho lwamandla ngoko nangoko kumthwalo wamandla oyintloko, okubangela ilahleko enkulu kwezoqoqosho. Isizathu asikokuphela kombane okuphambili, kodwa kukuphela kombane okulawulayo. Ukukhanya kombane kubalulekile nakwindlela yoyilo lwegumbi elicocekileyo. Xa sijonga uhlobo lwenkqubo yokuvelisa iimveliso zegumbi elicocekileyo, amagumbi acocekileyo ngokubanzi abandakanyeka kumsebenzi obonakalayo ochanekileyo, ofuna ukukhanya okunamandla nomgangatho ophezulu. Ukuze kufunyanwe iimeko zokukhanya ezilungileyo nezizinzileyo, ukongeza ekusombululeni uthotho lweengxaki ezifana nohlobo lokukhanya, umthombo wokukhanya, kunye nokukhanya, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokuzinza kombane; ngenxa yokungabi namoya kwigumbi elicocekileyo, igumbi elicocekileyo alifuni nje umbane. Ukuqhubeka nokuzinza kokukhanya kuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuthembekileyo kwezixhobo zegumbi elicocekileyo kunye nokuphuma kwabasebenzi ngokutyibilikayo nangokukhuselekileyo kwimeko yengxakeko. Ukukhanya okungasemva, ukukhanya okungxamisekileyo, kunye nokukhanya kokuphuma kufuneka kubonelelwe ngokuhambelana nemigaqo.
Amagumbi acocekileyo anamhlanje anobuchwephesha obuphezulu, amelwe ngamagumbi acocekileyo okuvelisa iimveliso ze-microelectronic, kuquka amagumbi acocekileyo okuvelisa izixhobo ze-elektroniki, i-biomedicine, i-aerospace, oomatshini abachanekileyo, iikhemikhali ezintle kunye nezinye iimveliso, akafuni nje kuphela iimfuno ezingqongqo zokucoceka komoya, kodwa afuna namagumbi acocekileyo aneendawo ezinkulu, iindawo ezinkulu, kunye neendawo ezinkulu, amagumbi amaninzi acocekileyo asebenzisa izakhiwo zentsimbi. Inkqubo yokuvelisa iimveliso zegumbi elicocekileyo iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye isebenza rhoqo imini nobusuku. Iinkqubo ezininzi zokuvelisa imveliso zifuna ukusetyenziswa kweentlobo ezininzi zezinto ezicocekileyo kakhulu, ezinye zazo zizezegesi okanye iikhemikhali ezinokutsha, eziqhumayo nezinobuthi: Iipayipi zomoya zenkqubo yokucoca umoya kwigumbi elicocekileyo, iipayipi zokukhupha umoya kunye neepayipi zokukhupha umoya zezixhobo zokuvelisa, kunye nemibhobho eyahlukeneyo yegesi kunye nolwelo iyaxutywa. Nje ukuba umlilo uvele, uya kudlula kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeepayipi zomoya ezisasazeka ngokukhawuleza. Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yokuqina kwegumbi elicocekileyo, ubushushu obuveliswayo akulula ukubuchitha, kwaye umlilo uya kusasazeka ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umlilo ukhule ngokukhawuleza. Amagumbi acocekileyo anobuchwepheshe obuphezulu adla ngokuxhotyiswa ngezixhobo ezininzi ezibizayo nezichanekileyo. Ukongeza, ngenxa yeemfuno zokucoceka kwabantu nezinto, iindlela eziqhelekileyo kwiindawo ezicocekileyo zinzima kwaye kunzima ukuzikhupha. Ke ngoko, ulwakhiwo oluchanekileyo lwezixhobo zokukhusela ukhuseleko kumagumbi acocekileyo luye lwafumana ingqwalasela enkulu kuyilo, ulwakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kwamagumbi acocekileyo. Kwakhona ngumxholo wokwakha ekufuneka abanini bamagumbi acocekileyo bawuqwalasele.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe iimfuno zolawulo lwendalo yokuvelisa ecocekileyo kwigumbi elicocekileyo, inkqubo yokubeka esweni ikhompyutha esasazwe okanye inkqubo yolawulo oluzenzekelayo ngokubanzi kufuneka imiselwe ukulawula iiparameter ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kunye namandla enkqubo yokucoca umoya, inkqubo yamandla kawonkewonke kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokubonelela ngezinto ezicocekileyo kakhulu. Ukusetyenziswa, njl. kuyaboniswa, kulungiswa kwaye kulawulwa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezingqongqo zenkqubo yokuvelisa imveliso kwigumbi elicocekileyo kwimeko yemveliso, kwaye kwangaxeshanye kufezekiswe ukuveliswa kweemveliso ezithile ezinomgangatho oqinisekisiweyo kunye nobungakanani kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla okuncinci (ukonga amandla) kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Izixhobo zombane eziphambili ziquka: izixhobo zokuguqula nokusasaza umbane, izixhobo zokuvelisa umbane ezixhasayo, umbane ongaphazanyiswa (i-UPS), izixhobo zokuguqula kunye nezamaza kunye nemigca yokuhambisa kunye nokusasaza kwiinkqubo zamandla aqinileyo; izixhobo zefowuni, izixhobo zokusasaza, izixhobo ze-alamu zokhuseleko, njl.njl. kwiinkqubo zokhuseleko lonxibelelwano. Izixhobo zokuthintela intlekele, izixhobo zokubeka esweni eziphambili, inkqubo yocingo oludibeneyo kunye nenkqubo yokukhanyisa. Abayili bombane bamagumbi acocekileyo, ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji yombane yanamhlanje, iteknoloji yokulawula ubunjineli yanamhlanje kunye neteknoloji yokubeka esweni ekrelekrele yekhompyutha, abanakubonelela kuphela ngombane oqhubekayo nothembekileyo kumagumbi acocekileyo, kodwa banokwenza namathuba okuvelisa, ukuyalela, ukuhambisa kunye nokubeka esweni amagumbi acocekileyo azenzekelayo. Izibophelelo ezilungileyo ziyafuneka ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwezixhobo zemveliso kunye nezixhobo zemveliso ezincedisayo kwigumbi elicocekileyo, ukuthintela iintlekele ezahlukeneyo ukuba zenzeke kunye nokudala imveliso kunye nendawo yokusebenza elungileyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Okthobha-30-2023