Ubunjineli begumbi lokucoceka bubhekisa kwiprojekthi ethatha uluhlu lwamanyathelo onyango lwangaphambili kunye nokulawula ukunciphisa ukuxinana kwezinto ezingcolisa indalo kunye nokugcina inqanaba elithile lokucoceka ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno ezithile zococeko, ukuze ulungelelanise neemfuno ezithile zokusebenza. Ubunjineli begumbi lokucoca busetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini afana ne-elektroniki, ukutya, amayeza, i-bioengineering, kunye ne-biomedicine. Amanyathelo anzima kwaye angqongqo, kwaye iimfuno zingqongqo. Oku kulandelayo kuya kuchaza amanyathelo kunye neemfuno zobunjineli begumbi lokucoca ukusuka kumanqanaba amathathu oyilo, ukwakhiwa, kunye nokwamkelwa.
1. Isigaba soyilo
Ngeli nqanaba, kuyimfuneko ukucacisa izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana nezinga lokucoceka, ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha kunye nezixhobo, kunye noyilo lwesicwangciso sokwakha.
(1). Qinisekisa inqanaba lokucoceka. Ngokweemfuno zangempela zeprojekthi kunye nemigangatho yoshishino, misela iimfuno zomgangatho wococeko. Inqanaba lokucoceka ngokubanzi lihlukaniswe ngamanqanaba amaninzi, ukusuka phezulu ukuya phantsi, A, B, C kunye no-D, phakathi kwayo i-A ineemfuno eziphezulu zokucoceka.
(2). Khetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo. Ngexesha lesigaba soyilo, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha izinto zokwakha kunye nezixhobo ngokweemfuno zomgangatho wococeko. Izinto eziphathekayo ezingayi kuvelisa uthuli oluninzi kunye neengqungquthela kunye nezixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezihambelana nokwakhiwa kobunjineli bokucoca igumbi kufuneka kukhethwe.
(3). Uyilo lwendiza yokwakha. Ngokweemfuno zenqanaba lokucoceka kunye nokuhamba komsebenzi, iplani yendiza yokwakha iyilwe. Uyilo lwendiza yokwakha kufuneka lube nengqiqo, luhlangabezane neemfuno zeprojekthi kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.
2. Isigaba sokwakha
Emva kokuba isigaba soyilo sigqityiwe, isigaba sokwakha siqala. Kule nqanaba, uchungechunge lwemisebenzi efana nokuthengwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, ukwakhiwa kweprojekthi kunye nokufakwa kwezixhobo kufuneka kuqhutywe ngokweemfuno zoyilo.
(1). Ukuthengwa kwezinto eziphathekayo. Ngokweemfuno zoyilo, khetha izinto ezihlangabezana neemfuno zenqanaba lokucoceka kwaye uzithenge.
(2). Ukulungiselela isiseko. Coca indawo yokwakha kwaye ulungelelanise imo engqongileyo ukuze uqinisekise iimfuno zococeko kwindawo yesiseko.
(3). Umsebenzi wokwakha. Yenza imisebenzi yokwakha ngokweemfuno zoyilo. Imisebenzi yokwakha kufuneka ihambelane nemigangatho efanelekileyo kunye neenkcukacha zokuqinisekisa ukuba uthuli, amasuntswana kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo aziziswa ngexesha lenkqubo yokwakha.
(4). Ufakelo lwezixhobo. Fakela izixhobo ngokweemfuno zoyilo ukuqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sichanekile kwaye sihlangabezana neemfuno zococeko.
(5). Ulawulo lwenkqubo. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokwakha, ukuhamba kwenkqubo kufuneka kulawulwe ngokungqongqo ukuthintela ukungeniswa kokungcola. Umzekelo, abasebenzi bokwakha kufuneka bathathe amanyathelo okukhusela ahambelanayo ukuthintela ukungcola okunje ngeenwele kunye nemicu ukuba ingadada kwindawo yeprojekthi.
(6). Ukucoca umoya. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokwakha, iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokusingqongileyo kufuneka zenziwe, ukucocwa komoya kufuneka kwenziwe kwindawo yokwakha, kwaye imithombo yokungcola kufuneka ilawulwe.
(7). Ulawulo lwendawo. Ukulawula ngokungqongqo isiza sokwakha, kuquka nokulawulwa kwabasebenzi nezinto ezingenayo neziphumayo, ukucocwa kwesiza sokwakha nokuvalwa ngokungqongqo. Kuphephe ungcoliseko lwangaphandle ekungeneni kwindawo yeprojekthi.
3. Isigaba sokwamkelwa
Emva kokuba ukwakhiwa kugqityiwe, ukwamkelwa kuyadingeka. Injongo yokwamkelwa kukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wokwakha weprojekthi yokucoceka uhlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo kunye nemigangatho.
(1). Uvavanyo lokucoceka. Uvavanyo lokucoceka lwenziwa kwiprojekthi yegumbi elicocekileyo emva kokwakhiwa. Indlela yokuvavanya ngokubanzi ithatha isampuli yomoya ukumisela ukucoceka kwendawo ecocekileyo ngokufumanisa inani lamasuntswana amisiweyo.
(2). Uhlalutyo lokuthelekisa. Thelekisa kwaye uhlalutye iziphumo zovavanyo kunye neemfuno zoyilo ukuze ubone ukuba umgangatho wokwakha uyahlangabezana neemfuno.
(3). Ukuhlolwa okungahleliwe. Ukuhlolwa okungaqhelekanga kuqhutyelwa kwinani elithile leendawo zokwakha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthembeka komgangatho wokwakha.
(4). Amanyathelo okulungisa. Ukuba kufunyaniswe ukuba umgangatho wokwakha awuhambelani neemfuno, amanyathelo okulungisa ahambelanayo kufuneka aqulunqwe kwaye alungiswe.
(5). Iirekhodi zokwakha. Iirekhodi zokwakha zenziwe, kubandakanywa idatha yokuhlola, iirekhodi zokuthengwa kwezinto eziphathekayo, iirekhodi zokufakela izixhobo, njl njl ngexesha lenkqubo yokwakha. Ezi rekhodi zisisiseko esibalulekileyo solondolozo nolawulo olulandelayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-12-2025