Ngexesha lenkqubo yokubeka iliso yemihla ngemihla, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ulwakhiwo lwangoku lwegumbi elicocekileyo kwamanye amashishini alulungelelaniswanga ngokwaneleyo. Ngokusekwe kwiingxaki ezahlukeneyo ezivela kwiinkqubo zemveliso kunye nokubekwa kweliso kwabaninzi abavelisi bezixhobo zonyango, ezi mfuno zilandelayo zolwakhiwo lwamagumbi acocekileyo ziyacetywa, ngakumbi kushishino lwezixhobo zonyango ezingenazintsholongwane.
1. Iimfuno zokukhetha indawo
(1). Xa ukhetha indawo yefektri, kufuneka ucinge ukuba imeko yendalo kunye neemeko zococeko ezijikeleze indawo zilungile, ubuncinci akukho mithombo yongcoliseko lomoya okanye amanzi, kwaye kufuneka ibe kude kwiindlela eziphambili zendlela, iiyadi zempahla, njl.
(2). Iimfuno zokusingqongileyo zommandla womzi-mveliso: Umhlaba kunye neendlela kwindawo yefektri kufuneka zigudiswe kwaye zingabi nathuli. Kucetyiswa ukunciphisa ummandla womhlaba oveziweyo ngohlaza okanye amanye amanyathelo okanye ukuthatha amanyathelo okulawula uthuli. Inkunkuma, izinto ezingasebenziyo, njl. njl. mazingagcinwa kwindawo evulekileyo. Ngamafutshane, okusingqongileyo komzi-mveliso akufuneki kubangele ungcoliseko ekuvelisweni kwezixhobo zonyango ezingenazintsholongwane.
(3). Uyilo olupheleleyo lommandla wefektri kufuneka lube nengqiqo: akufanele lube nefuthe elibi kwindawo yokuvelisa izixhobo zonyango eziyinyumba, ngokukodwa indawo ecocekileyo.
2. Iimfuno zoyilo lwegumbi (indawo) ecocekileyo
Le miba ilandelayo kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo kuyilo lwegumbi elicocekileyo.
(1). Lungiselela ngokwenkqubo yokuvelisa. Inkqubo kufuneka ibe mfutshane kangangoko ukunciphisa izinga lokusebenzisana phakathi kwabantu nezilwanyana, nokuqinisekisa ukuhamba okufanelekileyo kwabantu kunye nolungiselelo. Kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngegumbi elicocekileyo labasebenzi (igumbi lokugcina idyasi, igumbi lokuhlamba, iimpahla zegumbi elicocekileyo lokunxiba igumbi kunye negumbi lokuhlambela), igumbi elicocekileyo lezinto ezibonakalayo (igumbi lokukhuphela ngaphandle, igumbi lesithinteli kunye nebhokisi yokupasa). Ukongeza kumagumbi afunwa yinkqubo yeemveliso, kufuneka kwakhona ixhotyiswe nge Ixhotywe ngegumbi lokuhlambela lococeko, igumbi lokuhlamba impahla, igumbi lokugcinwa kwethutyana, igumbi lokucoca izixhobo zokusebenza, njl njl. Igumbi ngalinye lizimeleyo. Ummandla wegumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka uhambelane nomlinganiselo wemveliso ngelixa uqinisekisa iimfuno ezisisiseko.
(2). Ngokwezinga lokucoceka komoya, lingabhalwa ngokwesikhokelo sokuhamba kwabasebenzi, ukusuka phantsi ukuya phezulu; iworkshop isuka ngaphakathi ukuya ngaphandle, ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi.
3. Akukho ungcoliseko olunqamlezayo lwenzeka ngaphakathi kwigumbi elinye elicocekileyo (indawo) okanye phakathi kwamagumbi acocekileyo akufuphi.
① Inkqubo yemveliso kunye nemathiriyeli ekrwada ayizukuchaphazela umgangatho wemveliso;
② Kukho i-airlocks okanye imilinganiselo yokuchasana nongcoliseko phakathi kwamagumbi acocekileyo (iindawo) zamanqanaba ahlukeneyo, kwaye izinto zihanjiswa ngebhokisi yokupasa.
4. Isixa somoya omtsha kwigumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka sithathe eli xabiso lilandelayo: Umthamo womoya omtsha ofunekayo ukuhlawulela umthamo wangaphakathi wokukhupha kunye nokugcina uxinzelelo oluhle lwangaphakathi; Umthamo womoya omtsha xa kungekho mntu kwigumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka ube ngaphantsi kwe-40 m3 / h.
5. I-capital area yegumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka ingabi ngaphantsi kwe-4 square metres (ngaphandle kwee-corridors, izixhobo kunye nezinye izinto) ukuqinisekisa indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo.
6. I-in vitro diagnostic reagents kufuneka ihambelane neemfuno ze "Imigaqo yokuPhunyezwa kokuveliswa kwe-In Vitro Diagnostic Reagents (Trial)". Phakathi kwabo, ukusetyenzwa kwe-serum engalunganga kunye nelungileyo, i-plasmids okanye iimveliso zegazi kufuneka zenziwe kwindawo yodidi lwe-10000 ubuncinane, ukugcina uxinzelelo olubi kunye neendawo ezikufutshane okanye ngokuhambelana neemfuno zokukhusela.
7. Isalathiso somoya obuyayo, umoya wokubonelela kunye nemibhobho yamanzi kufuneka imakishwe.
8. Iimfuno zobushushu kunye nokufuma
(1). Iyahambelana neemfuno zenkqubo yemveliso.
(2). Xa kungekho mfuneko zikhethekileyo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, ubushushu begumbi elicocekileyo (indawo) enenqanaba lokucoceka komoya leklasi ye-100000 okanye i-10000 iya kuba yi-20℃ ~ 24℃, kwaye ukufuma okuhambelanayo kuya kuba yi-45% ~ 65%; umgangatho wokucoceka komoya uya kuba yiklasi ye-100000 okanye i-300000. Ubushushu beklasi ye-10,000 igumbi elicocekileyo (indawo) kufuneka libe yi-18 ° C ukuya kwi-26 ° C, kunye nomswakama ohambelanayo kufuneka ube ngu-45% ukuya kwi-65%. Ukuba kukho iimfuno ezikhethekileyo, kufuneka zimiselwe ngokweemfuno zenkqubo.
(3). Ubushushu begumbi labasebenzi elicocekileyo kufuneka bube yi-16°C ~ 20°C ebusika nama-26°C ~ 30°C ehlotyeni.
(4). Izixhobo zokubeka iliso ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo
I-Anemometer, i-counter particle counter, imitha yobushushu kunye nokufuma, imitha yoxinzelelo oluhlukeneyo, njl.
(5). Iimfuno zamagumbi ovavanyo angenazintsholongwane
Igumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka lixhotyiswe ngegumbi lokuvavanya i-sterility (eyahlukileyo kwindawo yokuvelisa) kunye nenkqubo yokucoca umoya yokucoca ngokuzimeleyo, efunekayo ukuba ibe yiklasi yendawo ye-100 phantsi kweemeko zeklasi ze-10000. Igumbi lokuvavanya ubunyulu kufuneka liquke: igumbi labasebenzi elicocekileyo (igumbi lokugcina idyasi, igumbi lokuhlamba, impahla yegumbi ecocekileyo yokunxiba igumbi kunye negumbi lokuhlambela), igumbi elicocekileyo lezinto eziphathekayo (igumbi le-buffer okanye ibhokisi yokudlula), igumbi lokuhlola ubunyumba kunye negumbi lokulawula eliqinisekileyo.
(6). Iingxelo zovavanyo lokusingqongileyo ezivela kwii-arhente zovavanyo lomntu wesithathu
Ukubonelela ngengxelo yovavanyo lwendalo esingqongileyo evela kwi-arhente yovavanyo lomntu wesithathu kunyaka omnye. Ingxelo yovavanyo kufuneka ihambe kunye nesicwangciso somgangatho esibonisa indawo yegumbi ngalinye.
① Okwangoku kukho izinto ezintandathu zovavanyo: iqondo lobushushu, ukufuma, umahluko woxinzelelo, inani lotshintsho lomoya, ukubalwa kothuli, kunye neebhaktheriya zentlenga.
② Iindawo ezivavanyiweyo zezi: Iworkshop yemveliso: igumbi labasebenzi elicocekileyo; igumbi elicocekileyo lezinto; indawo yesithinteli; amagumbi afunekayo kwinkqubo yemveliso; Igumbi lokucoca izixhobo zesikhululo somsebenzi, igumbi lokuhlamba impahla, igumbi lokuhlambela impahla, igumbi lokugcina lethutyana, njl njl.
(7). Ikhathalogu yeemveliso zezixhobo zonyango ezifuna ukuveliswa kwegumbi elicocekileyo. Izixhobo zonyango eziziintsholongwane okanye izixhobo zefektri ezipakishweyo ezifakwe kwaye zifakwe kwimithambo yegazi kwaye zifuna ukucutshungulwa okulandelayo (njengokugcwalisa kunye nokutywinwa, njl. indibano, ukupakishwa kokuqala kunye nokutywinwa kunye nezinye iindawo zokuvelisa kufuneka zibe nenqanaba lokucoceka elingekho ngaphantsi kweklasi ye-10000.
Umzekelo
① Ukufakelwa kwemithambo yegazi: njengemithambo yegazi, iivalvu zentliziyo, imithambo yegazi eyenziweyo, njl.
② Imithambo yegazi engenelelayo: ii-catheter ezahlukeneyo ze-intravascular, njl. Njenge-catheter ye-venous ephakathi, iinkqubo zokuhanjiswa kwe-stent, njl.
③ Ukusetyenzwa, ukucocwa kokugqibela kunye nokudityaniswa kwezixhobo zonyango ezingcolileyo okanye izincedisi zefektri ezipakishwe enye ezifakwe kwithishu yomntu kwaye ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo egazini, umongo wethambo okanye i-orifice engeyiyo yendalo (ngaphandle kokucoca). Ukupakishwa kokuqala kunye nokutywinwa kunye nezinye iindawo zokuvelisa kufuneka zibe nenqanaba lokucoceka elingekho ngaphantsi kweklasi ye-100000.
④ Izixhobo ezifakwe kwizicubu zomntu: i-pacemakers, izixhobo zokuhambisa ichiza ezifakwe ngaphantsi kwesikhumba, amabele angengowamvelo, njl.
⑤ Ukudibana ngokuthe ngqo negazi: isahluli seplasma, isihluzo segazi, iiglavu zotyando, njl.
⑥ Izixhobo ezingadibananga ngokuthe ngqo negazi: iiseti zokugalela, iiseti zotofelo-gazi, iinaliti ezifakwa emithanjeni, iityhubhu zokuqokelela igazi, njl njl.
⑦ Izixhobo zokunxibelelana kwamathambo: izixhobo ze-intraosseous, amathambo okwenziwa, njl.
⑧ Ukusetyenzwa, ukucocwa kokugqibela, ukudityaniswa, ukupakishwa kokuqala kunye nokutywinwa kwezixhobo zonyango eziyinyumba okanye imveliso epakishwe enye (engacocwanga) iindawo ezidibana nomhlaba owonakalisiweyo kunye nenwebu zomzimba womntu kufuneka ziqhutyelwe kwigumbi elicocekileyo. ongekho ngaphantsi kweklasi 300000 (indawo).
Umzekelo
① Ukudibana nomhlaba owonzakeleyo: ukutshisa okanye ukunxitywa kwamanxeba, umqhaphu ofunxayo wezonyango, igawusi efunxayo, izinto zotyando ezilahlwayo ezinje ngeepadi zotyando, iigawuni zotyando, iimaski zonyango, njl.
② Ukuqhagamshelana ne-membrane ye-mucous: i-catheter yomchamo oyinyumba, i-tracheal intubation, isixhobo se-intrauterine, i-lubricant yabantu, njl.
③ Kwizinto eziphambili zokupakisha ezinxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo nemigangatho yezixhobo zonyango eziyinyumba kwaye zisetyenziswa ngaphandle kokucoca, inqanaba lokucoceka kwendawo yemveliso kufuneka limiselwe ngokuhambelana nemigaqo efanayo kunye nenqanaba lokucoceka kwendawo yemveliso yemveliso ukuqinisekisa. ukuba umgangatho wezinto eziphambili zokupakisha kukuhlangabezana neemfuno zezixhobo zonyango eziziintsholongwane ezipakishweyo, ukuba imathiriyeli yokuqala yokupakisha ayiqhagamshelani ngqo nomphezulu wesixhobo sonyango esiyinyumba, kufuneka iveliswe igumbi elicocekileyo (indawo) enendawo engekho ngaphantsi kweklasi ye-300000.
Umzekelo
① Uqhagamshelwano oluthe ngqo: njengezinto zokuqala zokupakisha zabafaki-sicelo, amabele enziwe, iicatheter, njl.
② Akukho qhagamshelwano oluthe ngqo: njengezinto zokuqala zokupakisha zeeseti zokufakwa, iiseti zotofelo-gazi, iisirinji, njl.
③ Izixhobo zonyango eziziintsholongwane (kubandakanywa nezixhobo zonyango) ezifunekayo okanye ezicutshungulwayo kusetyenziswa iindlela zokusebenza ze-aseptic kufuneka ziveliswe kwiklasi yengingqi ye-100 amagumbi acocekileyo (iindawo) phantsi kweklasi ye-10000.
Umzekelo
① Okufana nokuzaliswa kwe-anticoagulants kunye nezisombululo zokulondoloza kwimveliso yeengxowa zegazi, kunye nokulungiswa kwe-aseptic kunye nokuzaliswa kweemveliso zolwelo.
② Cinezela kwaye ubambe i-stent ye-vascular kwaye usebenzise iyeza.
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① Izixhobo zonyango ezingasebenziyo ziquka izixhobo zonyango ezingenazo naziphi na iimicroorganisms ezisebenzayo ngokuvala inzala okanye ubuchule bokulungisa i-aseptic. Itekhnoloji yokuvelisa enciphisa ungcoliseko kufuneka isetyenziswe kwimveliso yezixhobo zonyango ezinyumba ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zonyango azingcolisekanga okanye zinokuphelisa ngokufanelekileyo ukungcoliseka.
② Ubunyumba: Imeko apho imveliso ingenazo iintsholongwane ezisebenzayo.
③ Ukuvalwa: Inkqubo eqinisekisiweyo esetyenziselwa ukunikezela ngemveliso simahla kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwee microorganisms ezisebenzayo.
④ Ukulungiswa kweAseptic: Ukulungiswa kweAseptic yeemveliso kunye nokuzaliswa kwe-aseptic yeemveliso kwindawo elawulwayo. Ukubonelelwa komoya kokusingqongileyo, izixhobo, izixhobo kunye nabasebenzi zilawulwa ukuze ungcoliseko lwe-microbial kunye ne-particle lulawulwe ukuya kumanqanaba amkelekileyo.
Isixhobo sonyango esingenazintsholongwane: sibhekisa kuzo naziphi na izixhobo zonyango eziphawulwe "zinyumba".
⑤ Igumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka libandakanye igumbi lokuhlamba, igumbi lokuhlambela, igumbi lokugcinwa kwesikhashana, igumbi lokucoca izixhobo zokusebenza, njl.
Iimveliso eziveliswe phantsi kweemeko ezihlanjululweyo zibhekisa kwiimveliso ezifuna inzala okanye inzala ukuze zisetyenziswe okokugqibela.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-30-2024