Iyunithi yokhathalelo olukhulu (ICU) yindawo ebalulekileyo yokubonelela ngeenkonzo zokhathalelo lwempilo kwizigulana ezigula kakhulu. Uninzi lwabaguli abamkelweyo ngabantu abanokhuselo oluphantsi kwaye basesichengeni sosulelo, kwaye banokuthwala iibhaktheriya ezinobungozi kunye neentsholongwane. Ukuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-pathogens ezidada emoyeni kwaye ugxininiso luphezulu, umngcipheko wokusuleleka kwintsholongwane uphezulu. Ke ngoko, uyilo lwe-ICU kufuneka luncamathele ukubaluleka okukhulu kumgangatho womoya wangaphakathi.
1. Iimfuno zomgangatho womoya we-ICU
(1). Iimfuno zomgangatho womoya
Umoya okwi-ICU kufuneka uhlangabezane neemfuno eziphezulu zococeko. Ngokuqhelekileyo kufunwa ukuba ukuxinwa kweengqungquthela ezijikelezayo (ezifana nothuli, i-microorganisms, njl.) emoyeni kulawulwa ngaphakathi kwinqanaba elithile ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nempilo yezigulane. Ngokutsho kokuhlelwa kobungakanani be-particle, njengokuba ngokwe-ISO14644 standard, i-ISO 5 level (0.5μm particles ayidluli i-35 / m³) okanye amanqanaba aphezulu angafunwa kwi-ICU.
(2). Indlela yokuhamba komoya
Inkqubo yokungenisa umoya kwi-ICU kufuneka yamkele iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuhamba komoya, njengokuhamba kwe-laminar, ukuhamba okuhlayo, uxinzelelo oluhle, njl., ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokususa ukungcola.
(3). Ulawulo lokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle
I-ICU kufuneka ibe neepaseji ezifanelekileyo zokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle kwaye ixhotyiswe ngeengcango ezingangeni moya okanye iinkqubo zokulawula ukufikelela ukuthintela ukungcola ukuba kungangeni okanye kuphume.
(4). Amanyathelo okubulala iintsholongwane
Kwizixhobo zonyango, iibhedi, imigangatho kunye neminye imiphezulu, kufuneka kubekho amanyathelo ahambelanayo okubulala iintsholongwane kunye nezicwangciso zokubulala iintsholongwane ngamaxesha athile ukuqinisekisa ukucoceka kokusingqongileyo kwe-ICU.
(5). Ulawulo lobushushu kunye nokufuma
I-ICU kufuneka ibe nolawulo olufanelekileyo lobushushu kunye nokufuma, ngokuqhelekileyo ifuna iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi kwe-20 kunye ne-25 degrees Celsius kunye nokufuma okuphakathi kwe-30% kunye ne-60%.
(6). Ukulawula ingxolo
Amanyathelo okulawula ingxolo kufuneka athathwe kwi-ICU ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kunye neempembelelo zengxolo kwizigulane.
2. Amanqaku aphambili e-ICU yoyilo lwegumbi elicocekileyo
(1). Ukwahlulwa kwendawo
I-ICU kufuneka ihlulwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, njengendawo yokunyamekela kakhulu, indawo yokusebenza, indlu yangasese, njl., Ukulawulwa ngokulandelelana kunye nokusebenza.
(2). Uyilo lwesithuba
Cwangcisa ngokufanelekileyo ubume bendawo ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo yokusebenza eyaneleyo kunye nesithuba somjelo wabasebenzi bezonyango ukuba benze unyango, ukubeka iliso kunye nemisebenzi yohlangulo olungxamisekileyo.
(3). Inkqubo yokungenisa umoya ngenkani
Inkqubo yokungenisa umoya enyanzelwayo kufuneka imiselwe ukubonelela ukuhamba komoya ococekileyo okwaneleyo kwaye kuthintelwe ukuqokelelana kwezinto ezingcolisa umoya.
(4). Ukumiselwa kwezixhobo zonyango
Izixhobo zonyango eziyimfuneko, ezinjengeemonitha, ii-ventilators, iimpompo zokufakelwa, njl.njl., kufuneka zilungiswe ngokweemfuno zokwenene, kwaye noyilo lwesixhobo kufuneka lube nengqiqo, lula ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa.
(5). Ukukhanya kunye nokhuseleko
Ukubonelela ngokukhanya okwaneleyo, kubandakanywa ukukhanya kwendalo kunye nokukhanyisa okwenziweyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bezonyango banokwenza ukujonga ngokuchanekileyo kunye nonyango, kwaye baqinisekise amanyathelo okhuseleko, njengezixhobo zokukhusela umlilo kunye neenkqubo ze-alarm eziphuthumayo.
(6). Ulawulo losulelo
Misa izibonelelo ezifana nezindlu zangasese kunye namagumbi okubulala iintsholongwane, kwaye uchaze iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza ukulawula ngempumelelo umngcipheko wosulelo.
3. Indawo yokusebenza ecocekileyo ye-ICU
(1). Coca umxholo wokwakha indawo yokusebenza
Abasebenzi bezonyango kunye nabongikazi bacoca indawo yeofisi encedisayo, indawo yonyango kunye nabahlengikazi abatshintshayo, indawo enokuthi ingcoliseke, indawo yokusebenza yoxinzelelo olulungileyo, indawo yokusebenza yoxinzelelo olubi, igumbi lokuncedisa indawo yokusebenza, njl.
(2). Coca uyilo lwegumbi lokusebenza
Ngokubanzi, imo yendlela yokubuyiswa kwepaseji yongcoliseko emile okweminwe emininzi iyamkelwa. Iindawo ezicocekileyo nezingcolileyo zegumbi lokusebenza zihlulwe ngokucacileyo, kwaye abantu kunye nezinto bangena kwindawo yegumbi lokusebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhamba. Indawo yegumbi lokusebenza kufuneka ilungiselelwe ngokuhambelana nomgaqo wemimandla emithathu kunye nemijelo emibini yezibhedlele zezifo ezithathelwanayo. Abasebenzi banokwahlulwa ngokwepaseji yangaphakathi ecocekileyo (ijelo elicocekileyo) kunye nepaseji yangaphandle engcolileyo (ijelo elicocekileyo). I-corridor yangaphakathi ecocekileyo yindawo engcolileyo, kwaye i-corridor yangaphandle engcolileyo yindawo engcolileyo.
(3). Ukuvalwa kwendawo yokusebenza
Izigulane ezingaphefumliyo zingangena kwi-corridor yangaphakathi ecocekileyo ngegumbi eliqhelekileyo lokutshintsha ibhedi kwaye uye kwindawo yokusebenza yoxinzelelo olulungileyo. Izigulane eziphefumlayo kufuneka zidlule kwipaseji yangaphandle engcolileyo ukuya kwindawo yokusebenza yoxinzelelo olubi. Izigulane ezikhethekileyo ezinezifo ezithintekayo ezinzima ziya kwindawo yokusebenza yoxinzelelo olubi ngokusebenzisa umjelo okhethekileyo kwaye zenze i-disinfection kunye ne-sterilization endleleni.
4. Imigangatho yokucoca i-ICU
(1). Inqanaba lococeko
I-ICU laminar flow flowing amagumbi acocekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka ahlangane neklasi yococeko ye-100 okanye ngaphezulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba akufuneki kubekho iziqwenga ezingaphezu kwe-100 zamasuntswana e-0.5 micron kwi-cubic foot yomoya.
(2). Unikezelo lomoya loxinzelelo oluhle
I-ICU laminar flow flowing amagumbi acocekileyo ahlala egcina uxinzelelo oluhle lokuthintela ukungcoliseka kwangaphandle ekungeneni kwigumbi. Uxinzelelo oluhle lomoya lunokuqinisekisa ukuba umoya ococekileyo uphuma ngaphandle kwaye unqande umoya wangaphandle ukuba ungene.
(3). Izihluzi zeHepa
Inkqubo yokuphatha umoya wewadi kufuneka ixhotyiswe nge-hepa filters ukususa amasuntswana amancinci kunye ne-microorganisms. Oku kunceda ukunika umoya ococekileyo.
(4). Ukungena komoya okufanelekileyo kunye nokujikeleza komoya
Iwadi ye-ICU kufuneka ibe nenkqubo efanelekileyo yokungenisa umoya ukuqinisekisa ukujikeleza komoya kunye nokukhupha ukugcina ukuhamba komoya ococekileyo.
(5). Ukwahlulwa ngokufanelekileyo koxinzelelo olubi
Kwezinye iimeko ezikhethekileyo, ezinjengokunyanga izigulana ezinezifo ezosulelayo, iwadi ye-ICU inokufuna ukuba noxinzelelo olubi lokukwazi ukubekelwa bucala ukunqanda ukusasazeka kweentsholongwane kwindawo yangaphandle.
(6). Amanyathelo angqongqo okulawula usulelo
Iwadi ye-ICU kufuneka ithobele ngokungqongqo imigaqo-nkqubo kunye neenkqubo zolawulo losulelo, kubandakanywa ukusetyenziswa okuchanekileyo kwezixhobo zokuzikhusela, ukubulawa kweentsholongwane rhoqo kwezixhobo kunye nomgangatho, kunye nococeko lwezandla.
(7). Izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nezibonelelo
Iwadi ye-ICU kufuneka ibonelele ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo, kubandakanywa nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokubeka iliso, ukunikezelwa kwe-oksijini, izikhululo zabongikazi, izixhobo zokubulala iintsholongwane, njl., Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu wokubeka iliso kunye nokunyamekela izigulane.
(8). Ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokucoca
Izixhobo kunye nezibonelelo zewadi ye-ICU kufuneka zigcinwe kwaye zicocwe rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo okuqhelekileyo kunye nococeko.
(9). Uqeqesho nemfundo
Abasebenzi bezonyango kwiwadi kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho olufanelekileyo kunye nemfundo ukuqonda amanyathelo okulawula usulelo kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza zokuqinisekisa indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo necocekileyo.
5. Imigangatho yokwakha ye-ICU
(1). Indawo yejografi
I-ICU kufuneka ibe nendawo ekhethekileyo yejografi kwaye ibekwe kwindawo efanelekileyo yokudluliselwa kwesigulane, uviwo kunye nonyango, kwaye ithathele ingqalelo le miba ilandelayo: ukusondela kwiiwadi zenkonzo eziphambili, amagumbi okusebenza, amasebe emifanekiso, iilebhu kunye neebhanki zegazi, njl.
(2). Ukucoca umoya
I-ICU kufuneka ibe neemeko ezilungileyo zokungenisa umoya kunye nezibane. Kungcono ukuxhotyiswa ngenkqubo yokucoca umoya kunye nesikhokelo sokuhamba komoya ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu, esinokulawula ngokuzimeleyo ukushisa kunye nomswakama kwigumbi. Inqanaba lokucoca ngokuqhelekileyo li-100,000. Inkqubo ye-air conditioning yegumbi ngalinye kufuneka ilawulwe ngokuzimeleyo. Kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngeendawo zokuhlamba izandla kunye nezixhobo zokubulala iintsholongwane ngesandla.
(3). Iimfuno zoyilo
Iimfuno zoyilo lwe-ICU kufuneka zibonelele ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo zokujonga abasebenzi bezonyango kunye neendlela zokunxibelelana nezigulane ngokukhawuleza xa kuyimfuneko. I-ICU kufuneka ibe nokuhamba kwezonyango okufanelekileyo kubandakanywa ukuhamba kwabasebenzi kunye nolungiselelo, kukhethwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokungena kunye nokuphuma ukunciphisa iziphazamiso ezahlukeneyo kunye nokosuleleka.
(4). Ukuhlobisa isakhiwo
Umhlobiso wokwakhiwa kweewadi ze-ICU kufuneka ulandele imigaqo jikelele yokungabikho kothuli, kungabikho ukuqokelela uthuli, ukuxhathisa ukubola, ukunyanzeliswa komswakama kunye nokumelana nokubola, i-anti-static, ukucoca lula kunye neemfuno zokukhusela umlilo.
(5). Inkqubo yonxibelelwano
I-ICU kufuneka iseke inkqubo yonxibelelwano epheleleyo, inethiwekhi kunye nenkqubo yolawulo lolwazi lweklinikhi, inkqubo yosasazo, kunye nenkqubo yokufowunela i-intercom.
(6) . Uyilo ngokubanzi
Uyilo olupheleleyo lwe-ICU kufuneka lenze indawo yonyango apho iibhedi zibekwe khona, indawo yamagumbi ancedisayo zonyango, indawo yokucoca ugutyulo kunye nommandla wabasebenzi bezonyango abahlala amagumbi ancedisayo ngokulinganayo ukunciphisa ukuphazamisana kunye nokuququzelela ulawulo losulelo.
(7) . Ulungiselelo lwewadi
Umgama phakathi kweebhedi ezivulekileyo kwi-ICU ayikho ngaphantsi kwe-2.8M; I-ICU nganye ixhotyiswe ngewadi enye ubuncinane enommandla ongekho ngaphantsi kwe-18M2. Ukusekwa koxinzelelo olulungileyo kunye neewadi zokuzihlukanisa zoxinzelelo olubi kwi-ICU nganye inokumiselwa ngokomthombo okhethekileyo wesigulane kunye neemfuno zesebe lolawulo lwezempilo. Ngokwesiqhelo, iiwadi ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2 zoxinzelelo olubi zixhotyisiwe. Phantsi kwemeko yezibonelelo zabasebenzi ezaneleyo kunye neemali, amagumbi angawodwa amaninzi okanye iiwadi ezahlulahlulweyo kufuneka ziyilwe.
(8) . Amagumbi ancedisayo asisiseko
Amagumbi ancedisayo asisiseko e-ICU abandakanya iofisi kagqirha, iofisi yomlawuli, indawo yokuphumla yabasebenzi, indawo yokusebenzela ephakathi, igumbi lonyango, igumbi lokuhambisa iziyobisi, igumbi lesixhobo, igumbi lokunxiba, igumbi lokucoca, igumbi lokucoca inkunkuma, igumbi lokusebenzela, igumbi lokuhlamba, njl njl.
(9) . Ukulawula ingxolo
Ukongeza kwisignali yomnxeba wesigulane kunye nesandi se-alamu sesixhobo sokubeka iliso, ingxolo kwi-ICU kufuneka iyancipha ukuya kwinqanaba elincinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Umgangatho, udonga kunye nesilingi kufuneka zisebenzise izixhobo zokuhombisa ezandileyo zokugquma izandi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-20-2025