Iyunithi yokhathalelo oluphezulu (i-ICU) yindawo ebalulekileyo yokubonelela ngeenkonzo zempilo kwizigulana ezigula kakhulu. Uninzi lwezigulana ezingeniswe apha ngabantu abangakwaziyo ukuzikhusela kwaye basengozini yosulelo, kwaye banokuthwala iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane eziyingozi. Ukuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeentsholongwane ezidada emoyeni kwaye uxinano luphezulu, umngcipheko wosulelo oluhambahambayo uphezulu. Ke ngoko, uyilo lwe-ICU kufuneka lunike ukubaluleka okukhulu kumgangatho womoya wangaphakathi.
1. Iimfuno zomgangatho womoya we-ICU
(1). Iimfuneko zomgangatho womoya
Umoya okwi-ICU kufuneka uhlangabezane neemfuno eziphezulu zokucoceka. Ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka ukuba uxinano lwee-particles ezidadayo (ezifana nothuli, ii-microorganisms, njl.njl.) emoyeni lulawulwe ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko nempilo yezigulane. Ngokwendlela yokwahlulahlula ubungakanani bee-particles, njengoko ngokwemigangatho ye-ISO14644, inqanaba le-ISO 5 (ii-particles ze-0.5μm azidluli kwi-35/m³) okanye amanqanaba aphezulu anokufuneka kwi-ICU.
(2). Imo yokuhamba komoya
Inkqubo yokungenisa umoya kwi-ICU kufuneka isebenzise iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuhamba komoya, ezinje ngokuhamba kwe-laminar, ukuhamba kwe-downflow, uxinzelelo oluhle, njl.njl., ukulawula nokususa ungcoliseko ngokufanelekileyo.
(3). Ulawulo lokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle
I-ICU kufuneka ibe neendlela ezifanelekileyo zokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle kwaye ixhotyiswe ngeengcango ezingangeni moya okanye iinkqubo zokulawula ukungena ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba izinto ezingcolisayo zingangeni okanye ziphume.
(4). Amanyathelo okubulala iintsholongwane
Kwizixhobo zonyango, iibhedi, umgangatho kunye neminye imiphezulu, kufuneka kubekho amanyathelo okubulala iintsholongwane afanelekileyo kunye nezicwangciso zokubulala iintsholongwane rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukucoceka kwendawo ye-ICU.
(5). Ulawulo lobushushu kunye nokufuma
I-ICU kufuneka ibe nolawulo olufanelekileyo lobushushu kunye nokufuma, ngokuqhelekileyo ifuna ubushushu obuphakathi kwama-20 nama-25 degrees Celsius kunye nomswakama ophakathi kwama-30% nama-60%.
(6). Ulawulo lwengxolo
Kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okulawula ingxolo e-ICU ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kunye nempembelelo yengxolo kwizigulana.
2. Amanqaku aphambili oyilo lwegumbi lokucoca i-ICU
(1). Ulwahlulo lwendawo
I-ICU kufuneka yahlulwe ibe ziindawo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, ezifana nendawo yokhathalelo lwabagula kakhulu, indawo yotyando, indlu yangasese, njl.njl., ukuze kulawulwe kwaye kusetyenzwe ngocwangco.
(2). Uyilo lwesithuba
Cwangcisa ngokufanelekileyo uyilo lwendawo ukuqinisekisa indawo eyaneleyo yokusebenza kunye nendawo yokuhambisa abasebenzi bezonyango ukuze benze imisebenzi yonyango, yokubeka iliso kunye neyokuhlangula ngexesha likaxakeka.
(3). Inkqubo yokungenisa umoya ngamandla
Kufuneka kumiselwe inkqubo yokungenisa umoya enyanzelisiweyo ukuze kubonelelwe ngomoya omtsha owaneleyo kwaye kuthintelwe ukuqokelelwa kongcoliseko.
(4). Uqwalaselo lwezixhobo zonyango
Izixhobo zonyango eziyimfuneko, ezinje ngeemonitha, ii-ventilators, ii-infusion pumps, njl.njl., mazicwangciswe ngokweemfuno zokwenyani, kwaye uyilo lwezixhobo kufuneka lube lolufanelekileyo, lube lula ukuzisebenzisa nokuzilungisa.
(5). Ukukhanyisa nokhuseleko
Nika ukukhanya okwaneleyo, kuquka ukukhanya kwendalo kunye nokukhanya okwenziweyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bezonyango banokwenza uqwalaselo oluchanekileyo kunye nonyango, kwaye baqinisekise amanyathelo okhuseleko, anjengeendawo zokuthintela umlilo kunye neenkqubo ze-alamu ezingxamisekileyo.
(6). Ulawulo losulelo
Misela izibonelelo ezifana nezindlu zangasese kunye namagumbi okubulala iintsholongwane, kwaye uchaze iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza ukulawula ngempumelelo umngcipheko wokudluliselwa kosulelo.
3. Indawo yokusebenza ecocekileyo ye-ICU
(1). Umxholo wolwakhiwo olucocekileyo kwindawo yokusebenza
Abasebenzi bezonyango nabongikazi bacoca indawo yeofisi encedisayo, indawo yokutshintshela abasebenzi bezonyango nabongikazi, indawo enokuba nongcoliseko, igumbi lokusebenza elinoxinzelelo oluhle, igumbi lokusebenza elinoxinzelelo olungalunganga, igumbi lokusebenza elincedisayo, njl.njl.
(2). Uyilo olucocekileyo lwegumbi lokutyalela
Ngokubanzi, kusetyenziswa indlela yokulungisa indlela yokucoca ukungcola enemilo emininzi efana nomnwe. Iindawo ezicocekileyo nezingcolileyo zegumbi lokusebenza zahlulwe ngokucacileyo, kwaye abantu nezinto zingena kwindawo yegumbi lokusebenza ngemigca eyahlukeneyo yokuhamba. Indawo yegumbi lokusebenza kufuneka icwangciswe ngokuhambelana nomgaqo weendawo ezintathu kunye neendlela ezimbini zezibhedlele zezifo ezisulelayo. Abasebenzi banokwahlulwa ngokwendlela ecocekileyo yangaphakathi (umjelo ococekileyo) kunye nendlela engcolileyo yangaphandle (umjelo ococekileyo). Indlela ecocekileyo yangaphakathi yindawo engcolisiweyo kancinci, kwaye indlela engcolileyo yangaphandle yindawo engcolisiweyo.
(3). Ukubulala iintsholongwane kwindawo yokusebenza
Izigulana ezingaphefumliyo zinokungena kwipaseji ecocekileyo yangaphakathi ngegumbi eliqhelekileyo lokutshintsha iibhedi zize ziye kwindawo yokusebenza enexinzelelo elilungileyo. Izigulana eziphefumlayo kufuneka zidlule kwipaseji engaphandle enetyhefu ziye kwindawo yokusebenza enexinzelelo elingalunganga. Izigulana ezikhethekileyo ezinezifo ezosulelayo ezinzima ziya kwindawo yokusebenza enexinzelelo elingalunganga ngejelo elithile zize zenze ukubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane endleleni.
4. Imigangatho yokucoca i-ICU
(1). Inqanaba lococeko
Amagumbi okucoca amanzi e-ICU ahlala efuneka ahlangabezane nomgangatho wococeko we-100 nangaphezulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba akufuneki kubekho ngaphezulu kweziqwenga ezili-100 zee-micron ezingama-0.5 kwi-cubic foot yomoya.
(2). Umoya ophantsi koxinzelelo olufanelekileyo
Amagumbi acocekileyo e-ICU laminar flow ahlala egcina uxinzelelo oluhle ukuthintela ungcoliseko lwangaphandle ukuba lungangeni kwigumbi. Umoya ophantsi koxinzelelo oluhle unokuqinisekisa ukuba umoya ococekileyo uphuma ngaphandle kwaye uthintele umoya wangaphandle ukuba ungangeni.
(3). Izihluzi zeHepa
Inkqubo yokuphatha umoya yewadi kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngezihluzi ze-hepa ukususa amasuntswana amancinci kunye neentsholongwane. Oku kunceda ekunikezeni umoya ococekileyo.
(4). Umoya ococekileyo kunye nokujikeleza komoya ngokufanelekileyo
Iwadi ye-ICU kufuneka ibe nenkqubo yokungenisa umoya efanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukujikeleza komoya kunye ne-exhaust ukugcina ukuhamba komoya ococekileyo.
(5). Ukwahlulwa koxinzelelo olungalunganga olufanelekileyo
Kwiimeko ezithile ezikhethekileyo, ezinje ngokunyanga izigulana ezinezifo ezosulelayo, iwadi ye-ICU inokufuna ukuba ibe namandla okwahlula uxinzelelo olubi ukuze kuthintelwe ukusasazeka kwezifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane kwindawo engaphandle.
(6). Amanyathelo angqongqo okulawula usulelo
Iwadi ye-ICU kufuneka ilandele ngokungqongqo imigaqo-nkqubo neenkqubo zokulawula usulelo, kuquka ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwezixhobo zokuzikhusela, ukubulala iintsholongwane rhoqo kwizixhobo kunye nomphezulu, kunye nococeko lwezandla.
(7). Izixhobo kunye nezibonelelo ezifanelekileyo
Iwadi ye-ICU kufuneka ibonelele ngezixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nezibonelelo, kuquka izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokubeka iliso, ukubonelela ngeoksijini, izikhululo zokonga, izixhobo zokubulala iintsholongwane, njl.njl., ukuqinisekisa ukubekwa iliso nokhathalelo olusemgangathweni kwizigulane.
(8). Ukugcinwa nokucoca rhoqo
Izixhobo kunye nezibonelelo zewadi ye-ICU kufuneka zigcinwe zicocekile rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwazo okuqhelekileyo kunye nokucoceka.
(9). Uqeqesho nemfundo
Abasebenzi bezonyango ewadini kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho olufanelekileyo kunye nemfundo ukuze baqonde amanyathelo okulawula usulelo kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza ukuqinisekisa indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo necocekileyo.
5. Imigangatho yokwakha ye-ICU
(1). Indawo yejografi
I-ICU kufuneka ibe nendawo ekhethekileyo kwaye ibekwe kwindawo efanelekileyo yokudluliselwa kwesigulane, ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango, kwaye ithathele ingqalelo ezi zinto zilandelayo: ukusondela kwiiwadi eziphambili zenkonzo, amagumbi otyando, amasebe omfanekiso, iilebhu kunye neebhanki zegazi, njl. Xa "ukusondela" okuthe tye kungenakufikelelwa ngokwasemzimbeni, "ukusondela" okuthe nkqo phezulu nasezantsi nako kufanele kuqwalaselwe.
(2). Ukucoca umoya
I-ICU kufuneka ibe neemeko ezifanelekileyo zokungenisa umoya kunye nokukhanya. Kungcono ukuba nenkqubo yokucoca umoya enecala lokuhamba komoya ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi, enokulawula ngokuzimeleyo ubushushu kunye nokufuma kwigumbi. Inqanaba lokucoca ngokubanzi liyi-100,000. Inkqubo yokupholisa umoya kwigumbi ngalinye kufuneka ilawulwe ngokuzimeleyo. Kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zokuhlamba izandla kunye nezixhobo zokubulala iintsholongwane ezandleni.
(3). Iimfuno zoyilo
Iimfuno zoyilo lwe-ICU kufuneka zibonelele ngeemeko zokujonga ezilula kubasebenzi bezonyango kunye neendlela zokunxibelelana nezigulana ngokukhawuleza xa kuyimfuneko. I-ICU kufuneka ibe neendlela ezifanelekileyo zonyango kuquka ukuhamba kwabasebenzi kunye neendlela zokuhambisa, ngcono ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokungena nokuphuma ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuphazamiseka okuhlukeneyo kunye nosulelo oluhambayo.
(4). Ukuhombisa isakhiwo
Ukuhonjiswa kwesakhiwo seewadi ze-ICU kufuneka kulandele imigaqo eqhelekileyo yokuba kungabikho thuli, kungabikho thuli luqokelelekayo, kungabikho ngxinano, kungabikho kufuma kunye nokubola, kungabikho static, kulula ukucoca kunye neemfuno zokukhusela umlilo.
(5). Inkqubo yonxibelelwano
I-ICU kufuneka imisele inkqubo epheleleyo yonxibelelwano, inkqubo yolawulo lolwazi lwenethiwekhi kunye nolwazi lweklinikhi, inkqubo yokusasaza, kunye nenkqubo ye-call intercom.
(6). Uyilo olupheleleyo
Uyilo olupheleleyo lwe-ICU kufuneka lwenze indawo yezonyango apho kubekwa khona iibhedi, indawo yamagumbi okuncedisa kwezonyango, indawo yonyango lwamanzi amdaka kunye nendawo yamagumbi okuncedisa abasebenzi bezonyango ukuba azimele ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuphazamiseka okulinganayo kwaye kube lula ukulawula usulelo.
(7). Indawo yewadi
Umgama phakathi kweebhedi ezivulekileyo kwi-ICU awukho ngaphantsi kwe-2.8M; i-ICU nganye ixhotyiswe ngewadi enye ubuncinane enommandla ongaphantsi kwe-18M2. Ukusekwa kweewadi zokwahlukanisa uxinzelelo oluhle kunye noxinzelelo olubi kwi-ICU nganye kunokugqitywa ngokwemithombo ekhethekileyo yesigulana kunye neemfuno zesebe lolawulo lwezempilo. Ngokwesiqhelo, iiwadi zokwahlukanisa uxinzelelo olubi eziyi-1~2 zixhotyiswe. Phantsi kwemeko yezibonelelo zabasebenzi kunye nemali eyaneleyo, kufuneka kuyilwe amagumbi amaninzi okanye iiwadi ezahlulweyo.
(8). Amagumbi ancedisayo asisiseko
Amagumbi ancedisayo asisiseko e-ICU aquka iofisi kagqirha, iofisi yomlawuli, i-ofisi yabasebenzi, indawo yokusebenzela ephakathi, igumbi lonyango, igumbi lokukhupha amayeza, igumbi lezixhobo, igumbi lokunxiba, igumbi lokucoca, igumbi lonyango lwenkunkuma, igumbi lomsebenzi, igumbi lokuhlambela, njl. Ii-ICU ezineemeko ezithile zinokuxhotyiswa ngamanye amagumbi ancedisayo, kubandakanya amagumbi okubonisa, amagumbi okwamkela usapho, iilebhu, amagumbi okulungiselela ukutya, njl.
(9). Ulawulo lwengxolo
Ukongeza kwisandi sokufowuna sesigulana kunye nesandi sokulumkisa sesixhobo sokujonga, ingxolo ekwi-ICU kufuneka incitshiswe iye kwinqanaba eliphantsi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Umgangatho, udonga kunye nophahla kufuneka kusetyenziswe izixhobo zokuhombisa izakhiwo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela isandi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Ixesha leposi: Juni-20-2025