Kukho imithombo emibini ephambili yongcoliseko kwigumbi lokucoca: amasuntswana kunye neentsholongwane, ezinokubangelwa zizinto zabantu kunye nemeko-bume, okanye imisebenzi enxulumene noko kwinkqubo. Nangona kukho imizamo emihle, ungcoliseko luza kungena kwigumbi lokucoca. Izinto ezithile ezithwala ungcoliseko ziquka imizimba yabantu (iiseli, iinwele), izinto ezichaphazela imeko-bume ezifana nothuli, umsi, inkungu okanye izixhobo (izixhobo zelebhu, izixhobo zokucoca), kunye neendlela ezingafanelekanga zokucoca kunye neendlela zokucoca.
Abantu abathwala ungcoliseko oluqhelekileyo ngabantu. Nokuba banxibe impahla engqongqo kakhulu kwaye besebenzisa iinkqubo ezingqongqo zokusebenza, abaqhubi abaqeqeshwe ngendlela engafanelekanga ngabona basengozini enkulu yongcoliseko kwigumbi lokucoca. Abasebenzi abangalandeli izikhokelo zegumbi lokucoca bangumngcipheko omkhulu. Ukuba nje omnye umsebenzi wenza impazamo okanye ulibele inyathelo, oko kuya kukhokelela ekungcolisweni kwegumbi lokucoca lonke. Inkampani inokuqinisekisa kuphela ukucoceka kwegumbi lokucoca ngokuqhubeka nokubeka esweni kunye nokuhlaziya uqeqesho rhoqo ngaphandle kwenqanaba longcoliseko.
Eminye imithombo ephambili yongcoliseko zizixhobo nezixhobo. Ukuba inqwelo okanye umatshini ucinywa kancinci ngaphambi kokuba ungene kwigumbi lokucoca, unokuzisa iintsholongwane. Rhoqo, abasebenzi abazi ukuba izixhobo ezinamavili ziyaqengqeleka phezu kweendawo ezingcolisiweyo njengoko zityhalelwa kwigumbi lokucoca. Iindawo (kuquka imigangatho, iindonga, izixhobo, njl.njl.) zivavanywa rhoqo ukuze kubonwe ukuba zingakanani na kusetyenziswa iipleyiti zoqhagamshelwano ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa eziqulathe imidiya yokukhula efana neTrypticase Soy Agar (TSA) kunye neSabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). I-TSA yindawo yokukhula eyenzelwe iintsholongwane, kwaye i-SDA yindawo yokukhula eyenzelwe iintsholongwane kunye neemvubelo. I-TSA kunye ne-SDA zihlala zifunxwa kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo, apho i-TSA ivezwa kumaqondo obushushu akuluhlu lwe-30-35˚C, olu lolona bushushu bokukhula bufanelekileyo kwiintsholongwane ezininzi. Uluhlu lwe-20-25˚C lulungele uninzi lweentlobo zezinambuzane kunye nemvubelo.
Ukuhamba komoya kwakukade kungunobangela oqhelekileyo wongcoliseko, kodwa iinkqubo ze-HVAC zanamhlanje zegumbi lokucoca ziye zayisusa ngokupheleleyo ingcoliseko yomoya. Umoya kwigumbi lokucoca ulawulwa kwaye ujongwa rhoqo (umz., imihla ngemihla, veki nganye, ngekota nganye) ukuze kujongwe ukubalwa kweesuntswana, ukubalwa okusebenzayo, ubushushu, kunye nokufuma. Izihluzo ze-HEPA zisetyenziselwa ukulawula ukubalwa kweesuntswana emoyeni kwaye zinamandla okucoca iisuntswana ukuya kuthi ga kwi-0.2µm. Ezi zihluzo zihlala ziqhutywa ngokuqhubekayo ngesantya sokuhamba esilinganiselweyo ukugcina umgangatho womoya egumbini. Ukufuma kudla ngokugcinwa kwinqanaba eliphantsi ukuthintela ukwanda kweentsholongwane ezinjengeebhaktheriya kunye nomngundo ezikhetha iindawo ezifumileyo.
Enyanisweni, owona mthombo uphezulu nowona uqhelekileyo wongcoliseko kwigumbi lokucoca ngumqhubi.
Imithombo kunye neendlela zokungena kongcoliseko azifani kakhulu kwimizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo, kodwa kukho umahluko phakathi kwamashishini ngokwezinga longcoliseko olunokunyamezeleka nolunganyamezelekiyo. Umzekelo, abavelisi beepilisi ezityiwayo akufuneki bagcine izinga elifanayo lococeko njengabavelisi bee-arhente ezifakwa ngqo emzimbeni womntu.
Abavelisi bamayeza banokunyamezela okuncinci ukungcola kweentsholongwane kunabavelisi be-elektroniki abasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu. Abavelisi be-semiconductors abavelisa iimveliso ezincinci abanakwamkela naluphi na ukungcola kweenxalenye ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwemveliso. Ke ngoko, ezi nkampani zixhalabele kuphela ukungabi nazintsholongwane kwemveliso eza kufakelwa emzimbeni womntu kunye nokusebenza kwetshiphusi okanye ifowuni ephathwayo. Abakhathazeki kangako ngesikhunta, ifungus okanye ezinye iintlobo zokungcola kweentsholongwane kwigumbi lokucoca. Kwelinye icala, iinkampani zamayeza zixhalabele yonke imithombo ephilayo nefileyo yokungcola.
Ishishini lamayeza lilawulwa yi-FDA kwaye kufuneka lilandele ngokungqongqo imigaqo yeGood Manufacturing Practices (GMP) kuba iziphumo zongcoliseko kwishishini lamayeza ziyingozi kakhulu. Abavelisi bamayeza abanyanzelekanga nje kuphela ukuba baqinisekise ukuba iimveliso zabo azinazo iintsholongwane, kodwa kufuneka babe namaxwebhu kunye nokulandelwa kwayo yonke into. Inkampani yezixhobo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ingathumela ilaptop okanye iTV logama nje iphumelela uhlolo lwayo lwangaphakathi. Kodwa akulula kangako kwishishini lamayeza, yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba inkampani ibe, isebenzise kwaye ibhale phantsi iinkqubo zokusebenza kwegumbi lokucoca. Ngenxa yeendleko, iinkampani ezininzi ziqesha iinkonzo zokucoca zobungcali zangaphandle ukuze zenze iinkonzo zokucoca.
Inkqubo epheleleyo yovavanyo lokusingqongileyo kwigumbi lokucoca kufuneka iquke amasuntswana abonakalayo nangabonakaliyo emoyeni. Nangona kungekho mfuneko yokuba zonke izinto ezingcolisayo kwezi ndawo zilawulwayo zichongwe ziintsholongwane. Inkqubo yolawulo lokusingqongileyo kufuneka iquke inqanaba elifanelekileyo lokuchongwa kweentsholongwane ezikhutshiweyo kwisampuli. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuchonga iintsholongwane ezikhoyo ngoku.
Inyathelo lokuqala ekuchongeni iintsholongwane, ingakumbi xa kufikwa ekuchongeni amagumbi okucoca, yindlela yokusebenzisa i-Gram stain, njengoko inokubonelela ngeenkcukacha ezicacileyo zomthombo wongcoliseko lweentsholongwane. Ukuba ukwahlulwa kunye nokuchonga iintsholongwane kubonisa i-Gram-positive cocci, ungcoliseko lusenokuba luvela ebantwini. Ukuba ukwahlulwa kunye nokuchonga iintsholongwane kubonisa iintonga ze-Gram-positive, ungcoliseko lusenokuba luvela eluthulini okanye kwiintlobo ezichasene neentsholongwane. Ukuba ukwahlulwa kunye nokuchonga iintsholongwane kubonisa iintonga ze-Gram-negative, umthombo wongcoliseko usenokuba uvela emanzini okanye nakweyiphi na indawo emanzi.
Ukuchonga iintsholongwane kwigumbi lokucoca amayeza kubaluleke kakhulu kuba kunxulumene nemiba emininzi yokuqinisekisa umgangatho, njengovavanyo lwezinto eziphilayo kwiindawo zokwenza imveliso; ukuvavanywa kokuchonga iintsholongwane kwiimveliso zokugqibela; izinto eziphilayo ezingachazwanga ngamagama kwiimveliso ezicocekileyo nasemanzini; ulawulo lomgangatho weteknoloji yokugcina ukubila kwishishini le-biotechnology; kunye nokuqinisekiswa kovavanyo lweentsholongwane ngexesha lokuqinisekiswa. Indlela ye-FDA yokuqinisekisa ukuba iintsholongwane zingaphila kwindawo ethile iya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo ngakumbi. Xa amanqanaba okungcoliswa kweentsholongwane edlula kwinqanaba elichaziweyo okanye iziphumo zovavanyo lokungangcoliswa zibonisa ukungcoliswa, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwezinto zokucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokususa ukuchongwa kwemithombo yongcoliso.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokujonga umgangatho wegumbi lokucoca:
1. Iipleyiti zoqhagamshelwano
Ezi zitya zikhethekileyo zokukhulisa izityalo ziqulathe indawo yokukhulisa engazaliswanga, elungiselelwe ukuba ibe phezulu kunomphetho wesitya. Isigqubuthelo sepleyiti yokudibanisa sigubungela umphezulu oza kutsalwa isampuli, kwaye naziphi na iintsholongwane ezibonakalayo kumphezulu ziya kunamathela kumphezulu we-agar kwaye zifukame. Le ndlela ingabonisa inani leentsholongwane ezibonakalayo kumphezulu.
2. Indlela yokucoca
Le ayicocekanga kwaye igcinwa kulwelo olufanelekileyo olucocekileyo. I-swab ifakwa kumphezulu wovavanyo kwaye i-microorganism ichongwa ngokubuyisela i-swab kwindawo ephakathi. Ii-swabs zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezingalinganiyo okanye kwiindawo ezinzima ukuzifumana nge-contact plate. I-swab sampling iluvavanyo olusemgangathweni ngakumbi.
Ixesha leposi: Oktobha-21-2024