Kukho imithombo emibini ephambili yokungcoliseka kwigumbi elicocekileyo: iincinci kunye ne-microorganisms, ezinokubangelwa ngabantu kunye nezinto ezisingqongileyo, okanye imisebenzi ehambelanayo kwinkqubo. Ngaphandle kwemizamo emihle, ungcoliseko luseza kungena kwigumbi elicocekileyo. Izithwali zongcoliseko eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya imizimba yabantu (iiseli, iinwele), imiba yokusingqongileyo efana nothuli, umsi, inkungu okanye izixhobo (izixhobo zelabhoratri, izixhobo zokucoca), kunye neendlela zokucoca ezingafanelekanga kunye neendlela zokucoca.
Oyena mntu uthwala ungcoliseko ngabantu. Kwanangeempahla ezingqongqo kunye nezona nkqubo zingqongqo zokusebenza, abasebenzi abangaqeqeshwanga ngokufanelekileyo sesona sisongelo sokungcoliseka kwigumbi elicocekileyo. Abasebenzi abangazilandeliyo izikhokelo zegumbi lokucoca bangunobangela womngcipheko omkhulu. Logama umqeshwa omnye esenza impazamo okanye alibale inyathelo, oko kuya kukhokelela kungcoliseko lwegumbi elicocekileyo. Inkampani inokuqinisekisa kuphela ukucoceka kwegumbi elicocekileyo ngokubeka iliso ngokuqhubekayo kunye nokuhlaziywa okuqhubekayo koqeqesho kunye nezinga lokungcoliswa kwe-zero.
Eminye imithombo emikhulu yosulelo zizixhobo kunye nezixhobo. Ukuba inqwelo okanye umatshini wosulwa kuphela phambi kokuba ungene kwigumbi elicocekileyo, unokuzisa iintsholongwane. Rhoqo, abasebenzi abazi ukuba izixhobo ezinamavili ziqengqeleka kwindawo engcolisekileyo njengoko zityhalelwa kwigumbi elicocekileyo. Imiphezulu (kubandakanywa imigangatho, iindonga, izixhobo, njl.) zivavanyelwa rhoqo ukubala okusebenzayo kusetyenziswa iipleyiti zoqhagamshelwano eziyilwe ngokukodwa eziqulethe imidiya yokukhula efana ne-Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA) kunye ne-Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). I-TSA yindawo yokukhula eyilelwe iintsholongwane, kwaye i-SDA yindawo yokukhula eyilelwe ukungunda kunye negwele. I-TSA kunye ne-SDA zikholisa ukufukanyelwa kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo, kunye ne-TSA evezwe kumaqondo obushushu kuluhlu lwe-30-35˚C, elona qondo lobushushu lokukhula kwebhaktiriya ezininzi. Uluhlu lwe-20-25˚C lolona lufanelekileyo kuninzi lweentlobo zokungunda kunye negwele.
Ukuhamba komoya kwakukhe kwaba ngunobangela oqhelekileyo wongcoliseko, kodwa iinkqubo zanamhlanje zeHVAC ezicocekileyo ziye zakuphelisa ukungcoliseka komoya. Umoya okwigumbi elicocekileyo ulawulwa kwaye ubekwe iliso rhoqo (umzekelo, yonke imihla, ngeveki, ngekota) kubalwa ngamasuntswana, ukubala okunokwenzeka, ubushushu kunye nokufuma. Izihluzi ze-HEPA zisetyenziselwa ukulawula ukubala kwamasuntswana emoyeni kwaye zikwazi ukuhluza amasuntswana ukuya kutsho kwi-0.2µm. Ezi zihluzo zidla ngokugcinwa zisebenza ngokuqhubekayo kwisantya sokuqukuqela esilungelelanisiweyo ukugcina umgangatho womoya kwigumbi. Ukufuma ngokuqhelekileyo kugcinwe kwinqanaba eliphantsi ukukhusela ukwanda kwee-microorganisms ezifana neebhaktheriya kunye nesikhunta esikhetha iindawo ezinomswakama.
Ngapha koko, elona nqanaba liphezulu kunye nowona mthombo uxhaphakileyo wongcoliseko kwigumbi lokucoca ngumsebenzi.
Imithombo kunye neendlela zokungena zongcoliseko azihlukanga kakhulu ukusuka kwishishini ukuya kwishishini, kodwa kukho iyantlukwano phakathi kwemizi-mveliso ngokwemigangatho yongcoliseko enyamezelekayo nenganyamezelekiyo. Ngokomzekelo, abavelisi bamacwecwe anokungeniswa akufuneki bagcine inqanaba elifanayo lokucoceka njengabavelisi bee-injection agents ezifakwe ngokuthe ngqo kumzimba womntu.
Abavelisi bamachiza banonyamezelo oluphantsi lokungcoliseka kwe-microbial kunabenzi bobuchwephesha be-elektroniki. Abavelisi beSemiconductor abavelisa iimveliso ezincinci abanakuvuma nakuphi na ukungcoliseka okuncinci ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwemveliso. Ke ngoko, ezi nkampani zixhalabele kuphela ubunyumba bemveliso eza kufakwa emzimbeni womntu kunye nokusebenza kwetshiphu okanye ifowuni ephathwayo. Abazikhathazi kangako malunga nokungunda, ukungunda okanye ezinye iindlela zongcoliseko lwemicrobial kwigumbi elicocekileyo. Kwelinye icala, iinkampani ezixuba amayeza zixhalabile ngayo yonke imithombo ephilayo nefileyo yokosuleleka.
Ishishini lamachiza lilawulwa yi-FDA kwaye kufuneka lilandele ngokungqongqo imigaqo ye-Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) ngenxa yokuba iziphumo zokungcola kwishishini lamachiza ziyingozi kakhulu. Abenzi bamachiza akufunekanga baqinisekise kuphela ukuba iimveliso zabo azinabhaktheriya, kufuneka babe namaxwebhu kunye nokulandelwa kwayo yonke into. Inkampani yezixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu inokuthumela ilaptop okanye iTV ukuba nje idlulile kuphicotho lwayo lwangaphakathi. Kodwa ayilula kangako kumzi mveliso wamayeza, yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba inkampani ibe nayo, isebenzise kwaye ibhale iinkqubo zokusebenza ezicocekileyo. Ngenxa yoqwalaselo lweendleko, iinkampani ezininzi ziqesha iinkonzo zokucoca iingcali zangaphandle ukwenza iinkonzo zokucoca.
Inkqubo yovavanyo olubanzi lwegumbi lokusingqongileyo kufuneka ibandakanye amasuntswana abonakalayo kunye angabonakaliyo emoyeni. Nangona akukho mfuneko yokuba zonke izinto ezingcolileyo kule ndawo zilawulwayo zichongwe yi-microorganisms. Inkqubo yolawulo lokusingqongileyo kufuneka ibandakanye inqanaba elifanelekileyo lokuchongwa kwebhaktheriya yeesampuli zesampula. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuchonga ibhaktiriya ezikhoyo ngoku.
Inyathelo lokuqala lokuchongwa kwebhaktheriya, ngakumbi xa kufikwa kwindawo yokucoca igumbi lodwa, yindlela yeGram stain, njengoko inokubonelela ngemikhondo yokutolika kumthombo wongcoliseko lwemicrobial. Ukuba i-microbial isolation kunye nokuchongwa kubonisa i-Gram-positive cocci, ukungcola kunokuba kuvela kubantu. Ukuba i-microbial isolation kunye nokuchongwa kubonisa i-Gram-positive rods, ungcoliseko lunokuba luvela eluthulini okanye kwiintlobo ze-disinfectant-resistant. Ukuba i-microbial isolation kunye nokuchongwa kubonisa i-Gram-negative rods, umthombo wongcoliseko unokuba uvela emanzini okanye nayiphi na indawo emanzi.
Ukuchongwa kweMicrobial kwigumbi lokucoca amayeza kubaluleke kakhulu kuba kuhambelana nemiba emininzi yoqinisekiso lomgangatho, njengovavanyo lwebhayoloji kwindawo yokuvelisa; uvavanyo lokuchongwa kwebhaktheriya yeemveliso zokuphela; izinto eziphilayo ezingachazwanga ngamagama kwiimveliso eziyinyumba kunye namanzi; ulawulo lomgangatho wogcino lweteknoloji kwishishini lebhayoloji; kunye nokuqinisekiswa kovavanyo lwe-microbial ngexesha lokuqinisekisa. Indlela ye-FDA yokuqinisekisa ukuba ibhaktheriya inokuphila kwindawo ethile iya kuxhaphaka ngakumbi. Xa amanqanaba okungcoliseka kwe-microbial edlula inqanaba elichaziweyo okanye iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-sterility zibonisa ungcoliseko, kuyafuneka ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca kunye ne-disinfection agents kunye nokuphelisa ukuchongwa kwemithombo yongcoliseko.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokubeka iliso kwindawo ecocekileyo yokusingqongileyo:
1. Iipleyiti zoqhagamshelwano
Ezi zitya zenkcubeko ezikhethekileyo ziqulethe i-medium yokukhula eyinyumba, elungiselelwe ukuba ibe phezulu kunomda wesitya. Isigqubuthelo sepleyiti yoqhagamshelwano sigubungela umphezulu ukuba sithathwe isampuli, kwaye naziphi na ii-microorganisms ezibonakalayo kumphezulu ziya kubambelela kwi-agar surface kwaye zifukamele. Obu buchule bunokubonisa inani lee-microorganisms ezibonakalayo kumphezulu.
2. Indlela ye-Swab
Oku kuyinyumba kwaye igcinwe kulwelo oluziintsholongwane olufanelekileyo. I-swab isetyenziswe kwindawo yokuvavanya kwaye i-microorganism ichongiwe ngokubuyisela i-swab phakathi. Iiswabs zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiindawo ezingalinganiyo okanye kwiindawo ekunzima ukwenza isampuli ngepleyiti yoqhagamshelwano. Iisampulu ye-swab luvavanyo lomgangatho ophezulu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-21-2024