Imithombo yamasuntswana yahlulwe yaba ngamasuntswana angabonakaliyo, amasuntswana aphilayo, kunye namasuntswana aphilayo. Ngomzimba womntu, kulula ukubangela izifo zokuphefumla kunye nemiphunga, kwaye kunokubangela ukungezwani komzimba kunye nosulelo lwentsholongwane; kwiitshiphu ze-silicon, ukuncamathiselwa kwamasuntswana othuli kuya kubangela i-deformation okanye isiphaluka esifutshane seesekethe ezidityanisiweyo zeesekethe, okwenza ii-chips zilahlekelwe yimisebenzi yazo yokusebenza, ngoko ke ukulawulwa kwemithombo yongcoliseko encinci ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yolawulo lwegumbi elicocekileyo.
Ukubaluleka kococeko lolawulo lokusingqongileyo kulele ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iimeko zokusingqongileyo kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho ethile yokucoceka, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kumashishini amaninzi. Oku kulandelayo kukubaluleka kunye nendima ethile yolawulo lokusingqongileyo olucocekileyo lwegumbi:
1. Qinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso
1.1 Thintela ungcoliseko: Kumashishini afana ne-semiconductors, amayeza, kunye nezixhobo zonyango, ungcoliseko lwamasuntswana amancinci lunokubangela iziphene zemveliso okanye ukusilela. Ngokulawula umgangatho womoya kunye nogxininiso lwamasuntswana kwigumbi elicocekileyo, ezi zingcolisi zinokuthintelwa ngokufanelekileyo ekuchaphazeleni imveliso.
Ukongeza kwi-investment yokuqala yotyalo-mali, ukugcinwa kunye nolawulo lokucoceka kwegumbi elicocekileyo likwafuna "isoftware" elungileyo -inkqubo yokulawula ukugcina ucoceko oluhle. Ukususela kwiziphumo zedatha kulo mzobo ungentla, kunokubonwa ukuba abaqhubi banempembelelo enkulu ekucocekeni kwegumbi elicocekileyo. Xa abaqhubi bengena kwigumbi elicocekileyo, uthuli luyanda kakhulu. Xa kukho abantu abahamba ngasemva naphambili, ukucoceka ngoko nangoko konakala. Kuyabonakala ukuba esona sizathu siphambili sokuwohloka kococeko yimiba yabantu.
1.2 Ukuhambelana: Indawo ecocekileyo yegumbi inceda ukugcina ukuhambelana kunye nokuphindaphinda kwenkqubo yokuvelisa, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso ozinzile.
Ngokubhekiselele kwi-substrate yeglasi, ukunamathela kweengqungquthela zothuli kuya kubangela imikrwelo kwi-substrate yeglasi, iisekethe ezimfutshane kunye namaqamza, kunye nolunye uhlobo olubi lwenkqubo, olukhokelela ekukhutsheni. Ke ngoko, ukulawulwa kwemithombo yongcoliseko kuye kwaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yolawulo lwamagumbi acocekileyo.
Ukungena kothuli lwangaphandle kunye nokuthintela
Igumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka ligcine uxinzelelo olufanelekileyo olufanelekileyo (> 0.5mm / Hg), lenze umsebenzi omhle kwiprojekthi yokwakha yangaphambili ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ukuvuza komoya, kwaye ngaphambi kokuzisa abasebenzi, izixhobo, izinto eziluhlaza, izixhobo, izinto ezisetyenziswayo, njl. kwigumbi elicocekileyo, kufuneka bacocwe kwaye bacinywe, njl njl. Izenzo zokuthintela uthuli. Ngexesha elifanayo, izixhobo zokucoca kufuneka zibekwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zitshintshwe okanye zicocwe rhoqo.
Ukuveliswa kothuli kunye nokuthintela kumagumbi acocekileyo
Ukukhethwa ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo zegumbi ezicocekileyo ezifana neebhodi zokwahlula kunye nemigangatho, ulawulo lwezixhobo zenkqubo, oko kukuthi ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokucoca, abasebenzi bemveliso abavumelekanga ukuba bahambe okanye benze iintshukumo ezinkulu zomzimba kwiindawo zabo, kunye namanyathelo okuthintela afana nokongeza iimathi ezincamathelayo. ithathwe kwizikhululo ezikhethekileyo.
2. Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso
2.1 Ukunciphisa izinga le-scrap: Ngokunciphisa ukungcola kunye nokungcola kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, izinga le-scrap lingancitshiswa, izinga lokuvunwa linokunyuswa, kwaye ngoko ukusebenza kwemveliso kunokuphuculwa.
Umzekelo: Kukho amanyathelo angama-600 kwimveliso ye-wafer. Ukuba isivuno senkqubo nganye yi-99%, yintoni isivuno esipheleleyo seenkqubo zenkqubo ye-600? Impendulo: 0.99 ^ 600 = 0.24%.
Ukuze kwenziwe inkqubo ibe nokwenzeka ngokwezoqoqosho, kufuneka sibe phezulu kangakanani isivuno senyathelo ngalinye?
•0.999^600= 54.8%
•0.9999^600=94.2%
Imveliso nganye yenkqubo idinga ukufikelela ngaphezu kwe-99.99% ukuhlangabezana nemveliso yokugqibela yenkqubo engaphezu kwe-90%, kwaye ukungcoliswa kwe-microparticles kuya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo imveliso yenkqubo.
2.2 Ukukhawuleza inkqubo: Ukusebenza kwindawo ecocekileyo kunokunciphisa ukucocwa okungadingekile kunye nexesha lokuphinda usebenze, okwenza inkqubo yokuvelisa isebenze ngakumbi.
3. Ukuqinisekisa impilo kunye nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi
3.1 Impilo yasemsebenzini: Kwiinkqubo ezithile zokuvelisa ezinokukhupha izinto eziyingozi, amagumbi acocekileyo anokuthintela izinto eziyingozi ukuba zingasasazeki kwindawo yangaphandle kwaye zikhusele impilo yabasebenzi. Ukususela ekuphuhlisweni koluntu, iteknoloji, izixhobo kunye nolwazi luye lwaphucula, kodwa umgangatho womoya uhlehlisiwe. Umntu uphefumla malunga ne-270,000 M3 yomoya ebomini bakhe, kwaye uchitha i-70% ukuya kwi-90% yexesha lakhe ngaphakathi. Amasuntswana amancinci aphefumlelwa ngumzimba womntu kwaye afakwe kwinkqubo yokuphefumla. Iinqununu ze-5 ukuya kwi-30um zifakwe kwi-nasopharynx, iinqununu ze-1 ukuya kwi-5um zifakwe kwi-trachea kunye ne-bronchi, kwaye iinqununu ezingaphantsi kwe-1um zifakwe kwi-alveolar wall.
Abantu abakwigumbi elinomthamo womoya omtsha ongonelanga ixesha elide bathambekele ekubeni “ne-indoor syndrome”, beneempawu ezinjengentloko ebuhlungu, ukuqina kwesifuba, kunye nokudinwa, kwaye basengozini yokuphefumla kunye nezifo zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo. ilizwe lam umgangatho wesizwe we-GB/T18883-2002 umisela ukuba umthamo womoya omtsha awufanele ube ngaphantsi kwe-30m3/h. umntu.
Umthamo womoya omtsha wegumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka uthathe elona xabiso liphezulu kwezi zinto zimbini zilandelayo:
a. Isixa somthamo womoya ofunekayo ukuhlawulela umthamo wangaphakathi wokukhupha kunye nokuqinisekisa ixabiso loxinzelelo olulungileyo lwangaphakathi.
b. Qinisekisa umoya omtsha ofunwa ngabasebenzi begumbi elicocekileyo. Ngokweenkcukacha zoyilo lwegumbi elicocekileyo, umthamo womoya omtsha ngomntu ngamnye ngeyure awukho ngaphantsi kwe-40m3.
3.2 Imveliso ekhuselekileyo: Ngokulawula iiparitha zokusingqongileyo ezifana nomswakama kunye nobushushu, iingozi zokhuseleko ezifana nokukhutshwa kwe-electrostatic kunokuphetshwa ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemveliso.
4. Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zolawulo kunye nemigangatho
4.1 Imigangatho yoshishino: Amashishini amaninzi anemigangatho engqongqo yokucoceka (efana ne-ISO 14644), kwaye imveliso kufuneka iqhutywe kumagumbi acocekileyo amabakala athile. Ukuthotyelwa kwale migangatho akuyomfuneko yolawulo kuphela, kodwa kukwabonakalisa ukukhuphisana kweenkampani.
Kwibhentshi yokusebenzela ecocekileyo, ishedi ecocekileyo, ifestile yokuhambisa i-laminar, iyunithi yesihluzi se-FFU, i-wardrobe ecocekileyo, i-laminar flow hood, i-hood yokulinganisa, isikrini esicocekileyo, isicoci, imveliso yochungechunge lweshawa yomoya, kuyimfuneko ukulungelelanisa iindlela zovavanyo lokucoceka. iimveliso ezikhoyo ukuphucula ukuthembeka kweemveliso.
4.2 Isiqinisekiso kunye nophicotho-zincwadi: Phumelela uphicotho lwee-arhente zezatifikethi zeqela lesithathu kwaye ufumane izatifikethi ezifanelekileyo (ezifana ne-GMP, i-ISO 9001, njl.njl.) ukuphucula ukuthembana kwabathengi kunye nokwandisa ukufikelela kwimarike.
5. Ukukhuthaza ukusungulwa kweteknoloji
5.1 Inkxaso ye-R&D: Amagumbi acocekileyo abonelela ngendawo yovavanyo efanelekileyo yophuhliso lwemveliso ye-high-tech kunye nokunceda ukukhawulezisa ukuphuhliswa kweemveliso ezintsha.
5.2 Ukulungiswa kwenkqubo: Ngaphantsi kwendawo elawulwa ngokungqongqo, kulula ukujonga nokuhlalutya impembelelo yokutshintsha kwenkqubo ekusebenzeni kwemveliso, ngaloo ndlela kukhuthazwa ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo.
6. Phucula umfanekiso webrendi
6.1 Ukuqinisekiswa komgangatho: Ukuba nezixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu zokuvelisa ezicocekileyo kunokunyusa umfanekiso webrand nokwandisa ukuthembela kwabathengi kumgangatho wemveliso.
6.2 Ukhuphiswano lwemarike: Iimveliso ezinokuthi ziveliswe kwindawo ecocekileyo zihlala zithathwa njengophawu lomgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu, okunceda iinkampani ukuba zigqame kukhuphiswano oluqatha lwemarike.
7. Ukunciphisa iindleko zokulungisa nokulungisa
7.1 Ukwandisa ubomi besixhobo: Izixhobo zokuvelisa kunye nezixhobo ezisebenza phantsi kweemeko ezicocekileyo azinako ukubola kwaye ziguge, ngaloo ndlela zandisa ubomi benkonzo kunye nokunciphisa ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye neendleko.
7.2 Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla: Ngokulungisa uyilo kunye nolawulo lwamagumbi acocekileyo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neendleko zokusebenza.
Imigaqo emine yolawulo lokusebenza kwegumbi elicocekileyo:
1. Musa ukuzisa:
Isakhelo sesihluzo se-hepa asinakuvuza.
Uxinzelelo oluyiliweyo kufuneka lugcinwe ngaphakathi.
Abaqhubi kufuneka batshintshe iimpahla kwaye bangene kwigumbi elicocekileyo emva kweshawa yomoya.
Zonke izixhobo, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo kufuneka zicocwe phambi kokuba zingeniswe.
2. Sukuvelisa:
Abasebenzi kufuneka banxibe iimpahla ezingenalo uthuli.
Nciphisa izenzo ezingeyomfuneko.
Musa ukusebenzisa izinto ekulula ukwenza uthuli.
Izinto ezingeyomfuneko azinakungeniswa.
3. Musa ukuqokelela:
Akufunekanga kubekho iikona kunye neeperipheries zoomatshini ekunzima ukuzicoca okanye ukuzicoca.
Zama ukunciphisa imibhobho yomoya evulekileyo, imibhobho yamanzi, njl njl. ngaphakathi.
Ukucoca kufuneka kuqhutywe ngokweendlela eziqhelekileyo kunye namaxesha achaziweyo.
4. Susa ngoko nangoko:
Yandisa inani lotshintsho lomoya.
Umbhobho okufutshane nendawo evelisa uthuli.
Phucula ukumila komoya ukunqanda uthuli ukuba lunganamatheli kwimveliso.
Ngamafutshane, ucoceko lolawulo lokusingqongileyo lwegumbi lubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho wemveliso, ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, ukukhusela impilo yabasebenzi nokhuseleko, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zolawulo, ukukhuthaza ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe, kunye nokuphucula umfanekiso wophawu. Amashishini kufuneka ayiqwalasele ngokupheleleyo le miba xa esakha kwaye egcina amagumbi acocekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba amagumbi acocekileyo anokuhlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso kunye ne-R&D.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-12-2024