Imithombo yamasuntswana yahlulwe yaba ngamasuntswana angaphiliyo, amasuntswana endalo, kunye namasuntswana aphilayo. Kumzimba womntu, kulula ukubangela izifo zokuphefumla kunye nemiphunga, kwaye inokubangela i-allergies kunye nosulelo lwentsholongwane; kwiitships zesilicon, ukunamathela kwamasuntswana othuli kuya kubangela ukuguquka okanye ukujikeleza okufutshane kweesekethe zesekethe ezidibeneyo, okwenza iitships zilahlekelwe yimisebenzi yazo yokusebenza, ngoko ke ulawulo lwemithombo yongcoliseko oluncinci lube yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yolawulo lwegumbi elicocekileyo.
Ukubaluleka kolawulo lokusingqongileyo olucocekileyo kwigumbi kukuqinisekisa ukuba iimeko zokusingqongileyo kwinkqubo yemveliso ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho ethile yococeko, nto leyo ibalulekileyo kumashishini amaninzi. Oku kulandelayo kukubaluleka kunye nendima ethile yolawulo lokusingqongileyo olucocekileyo kwigumbi:
1. Qinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso
1.1 Ukuthintela ungcoliseko: Kwimizi-mveliso efana nee-semiconductors, amayeza, kunye nezixhobo zonyango, ungcoliseko oluncinci lwamasuntswana lunokubangela iziphene okanye ukusilela kwemveliso. Ngokulawula umgangatho womoya kunye noxinzelelo lwamasuntswana kwigumbi elicocekileyo, olu ngcoliseko lunokuthintelwa ngempumelelo ekuchaphazeleni imveliso.
Ukongeza kutyalo-mali lokuqala lwezixhobo zehardware, ukugcinwa nokulawulwa kococeko lwegumbi elicocekileyo kufuna inkqubo elungileyo "yolawulo lwesoftware" ukuze kugcinwe ucoceko oluhle. Ukusuka kwiziphumo zedatha kumfanekiso ongentla, kunokubonwa ukuba abaqhubi banempembelelo enkulu ekucocekeni kwegumbi elicocekileyo. Xa abaqhubi bengena kwigumbi elicocekileyo, uthuli luyanda kakhulu. Xa kukho abantu abahambahambayo besiya phambili, ucoceko luwohloka ngoko nangoko. Kunokubonwa ukuba isizathu esiphambili sokonakala kococeko zizinto ezibangelwa ngabantu.
1.2 Ukungaguquguquki: Indawo ecocekileyo yegumbi inceda ukugcina ukuhambelana nokuphindaphindwa kwenkqubo yemveliso, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso ozinzileyo.
Ngokuphathelele i-substrate yeglasi, ukunamathela kwamasuntswana othuli kuya kubangela imikrwelo kwi-substrate yeglasi, ii-short circuits kunye namaqamza, kunye neminye imigangatho yenkqubo embi, nto leyo ebangela ukukrazulwa. Ke ngoko, ulawulo lwemithombo yongcoliseko luye lwaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yolawulo lokucoca igumbi.
Ukungena nokuthintela uthuli lwangaphandle
Igumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka ligcine uxinzelelo olufanelekileyo (>0.5mm/Hg), lenze umsebenzi olungileyo kwiprojekthi yokwakha yokuqala ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kuvuza komoya, kwaye ngaphambi kokuba kungeniswe abasebenzi, izixhobo, izinto ezikrwada, izixhobo, izinto ezisetyenziswayo, njl. kwigumbi elicocekileyo, kufuneka zicocwe kwaye zisulwe, njl. Amanyathelo okuthintela uthuli. Kwangaxeshanye, izixhobo zokucoca kufuneka zibekwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zitshintshwe okanye zicocwe rhoqo.
Ukuveliswa kothuli kunye nokuthintela amagumbi acocekileyo
Ukukhetha ngokufanelekileyo izinto ezicocekileyo zegumbi ezifana neebhodi zokwahlulahlula kunye neemigangatho, ulawulo lwezixhobo zokusebenza, oko kukuthi ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokucoca, abasebenzi bemveliso abavumelekanga ukuhambahamba okanye ukwenza iintshukumo ezinkulu zomzimba kwiindawo zabo, kwaye amanyathelo okuthintela anjengokongeza iimathi ezinamathelayo athathwa kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo.
2. Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso
2.1 Nciphisa izinga lenkunkuma: Ngokunciphisa ukungcola kunye nongcoliseko kwinkqubo yemveliso, izinga lenkunkuma linokuncipha, izinga lemveliso linokwandiswa, kwaye ngaloo ndlela ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kunokuphuculwa.
Umzekelo: Kukho amanyathelo angama-600 kwimveliso ye-wafer. Ukuba isivuno senkqubo nganye singama-99%, ingakanani isivuno iyonke yeenkqubo zenkqubo ezingama-600? Impendulo: 0.99^600 = 0.24%.
Ukuze inkqubo ibe nokwenzeka ngokwezoqoqosho, kufuneka isivuno senyathelo ngalinye sibe phezulu kangakanani?
•0.999^600= 54.8%
•0.9999^600=94.2%
Isivuno senkqubo nganye kufuneka sifikelele ngaphezulu kwe-99.99% ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nesivuno sokugqibela senkqubo esingaphezulu kwe-90%, kwaye ungcoliseko lwee-microparticles luya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo isivuno senkqubo.
2.2 Khawulezisa inkqubo: Ukusebenza kwindawo ecocekileyo kunokunciphisa ukucoca okungeyomfuneko kunye nexesha lokuphinda usebenze, okwenza inkqubo yokuvelisa isebenze kakuhle.
3. Ukuqinisekisa impilo nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi
3.1 Impilo yomsebenzi: Kwezinye iinkqubo zemveliso ezinokukhupha izinto ezinobungozi, amagumbi acocekileyo anokuthintela izinto ezinobungozi ukuba zingasasazeki kwindawo engaphandle kwaye akhusele impilo yabasebenzi. Ukusukela oko kwaphuhliswa uluntu, iteknoloji, izixhobo kunye nolwazi ziye zaphucuka, kodwa umgangatho womoya uye wehla. Umntu uphefumla malunga ne-270,000 M3 yomoya ebomini bakhe, kwaye uchitha i-70% ukuya kwi-90% yexesha lakhe ngaphakathi. Amasuntswana amancinci aphefumlwa ngumzimba womntu aze afakwe kwinkqubo yokuphefumla. Amasuntswana angama-5 ukuya kuma-30um afakwa kwi-nasopharynx, amasuntswana angama-1 ukuya kuma-5um afakwa kwi-trachea nakwi-bronchi, kwaye amasuntswana angaphantsi kwe-1um afakwa eludongeni lwe-alveolar.
Abantu abahlala kwigumbi elingenawo umoya ococekileyo owaneleyo ixesha elide bathambekele ekubeni "yi-indoor syndrome", abaneempawu ezifana nentloko ebuhlungu, ukuqina kwesifuba, kunye nokudinwa, kwaye bathambekele nakwizifo zokuphefumla kunye nezifo zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Umgangatho welizwe lam we-GB/T18883-2002 uthi umthamo womoya ococekileyo akufuneki ube ngaphantsi kwe-30m3/h.
Umthamo womoya omtsha wegumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka uthathe ixabiso eliphezulu lezinto ezimbini ezilandelayo:
a. Isimbuku somthamo womoya ofunekayo ukuhlawula umthamo wokukhupha umoya ngaphakathi kunye nokuqinisekisa ixabiso loxinzelelo oluhle ngaphakathi.
b. Qinisekisa ukuba umoya omtsha ufunwa ngabasebenzi begumbi elicocekileyo. Ngokweenkcazo zoyilo lwegumbi elicocekileyo, umthamo womoya omtsha ngomntu ngamnye ngeyure awukho ngaphantsi kwe-40m3.
3.2 Imveliso ekhuselekileyo: Ngokulawula iiparameter zokusingqongileyo ezifana nokufuma kunye nobushushu, iingozi zokhuseleko ezifana nokukhupha umbane ngokusebenza ngombane zinokuthintelwa ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemveliso.
4. Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomthetho nezisemgangathweni
4.1 Imigangatho yoshishino: Amashishini amaninzi anemigangatho engqongqo yococeko (efana ne-ISO 14644), kwaye imveliso kufuneka yenziwe kumagumbi acocekileyo anemigangatho ethile. Ukuthobela le migangatho akupheleli nje ekubeni yimfuneko yomthetho, kodwa kukwabonisa ukhuphiswano lweenkampani.
Kwibhentshi yokusebenzela ecocekileyo, ishedi ecocekileyo, ifestile yokudlulisa amanzi elaminar, iyunithi yesihluzi sefeni i-FFU, ikhabhathi ecocekileyo, i-laminar flow hood, i-weighhood, isikrini esicocekileyo, isicoci esizicocayo, iimveliso zochungechunge lweshawa yomoya, kuyimfuneko ukwenza iindlela zovavanyo lokucoceka kweemveliso ezikhoyo zibe semgangathweni ukuphucula ukuthembeka kweemveliso.
4.2 Isiqinisekiso kunye nokuhlolwa: Phumelela uhlolo lwee-arhente zesiqinisekiso zamaqela esithathu kwaye ufumane iziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo (ezifana ne-GMP, i-ISO 9001, njl.njl.) ukuphucula ukuthembana kwabathengi kunye nokwandisa ukufikelela kwimarike.
5. Khuthaza ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe
5.1 Inkxaso yoR&D: Amagumbi acocekileyo abonelela ngendawo efanelekileyo yovavanyo lophuhliso lwemveliso yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kwaye anceda ukukhawulezisa uphuhliso lweemveliso ezintsha.
5.2 Ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo: Phantsi kwendawo elawulwa ngokungqongqo, kulula ukubona nokuhlalutya impembelelo yotshintsho lwenkqubo ekusebenzeni kwemveliso, ngaloo ndlela kukhuthaza ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo.
6. Phucula umfanekiso wophawu
6.1 Uqinisekiso lomgangatho: Ukuba neendawo zokuvelisa ezicocekileyo ezisemgangathweni ophezulu kunokuphucula umfanekiso wophawu kwaye kwandise ukuthembana kwabathengi kumgangatho wemveliso.
6.2 Ukhuphiswano kwimarike: Iimveliso ezinokuveliswa kwindawo ecocekileyo zihlala zithathwa njengophawu lomgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu, nto leyo enceda iinkampani ukuba zivelele kukhuphiswano olukhulu kwimarike.
7. Nciphisa iindleko zokulungisa nokulungisa
7.1 Yandisa ubomi bezixhobo: Izixhobo zemveliso kunye nezixhobo ezisebenza phantsi kweemeko ezicocekileyo azichaphazeleki lula kukugqwala nokuguguleka, ngaloo ndlela zandisa ubomi benkonzo kwaye zinciphisa amaxesha okugcinwa kunye neendleko.
7.2 Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla: Ngokuphucula uyilo kunye nolawulo lwamagumbi acocekileyo, phucula ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neendleko zokusebenza.
Imigaqo emine yolawulo lokucoca igumbi:
1. Musa ukuzisa:
Isakhelo sesihluzo se-hepa asinakuvuza.
Uxinzelelo oluyilwe kufuneka lugcinwe ngaphakathi endlwini.
Abasebenzi kufuneka batshintshe impahla baze bangene kwigumbi elicocekileyo emva kokuhlamba ngomoya.
Zonke izinto, izixhobo, kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo mazicocwe ngaphambi kokuba zingeniswe.
2. Musa ukuvelisa:
Abasebenzi kufuneka banxibe impahla engenathuli.
Nciphisa izenzo ezingeyomfuneko.
Musa ukusebenzisa izinto ezilula ukuvelisa uthuli.
Izinto ezingafunekiyo azinakungeniswa.
3. Musa ukuqokelelana:
Akufuneki kubekho iikona kunye neengxande zomatshini ekunzima ukuzicoca okanye ukuzicoca.
Zama ukunciphisa imibhobho yomoya evezwe ngaphakathi, imibhobho yamanzi, njl.
Ukucoca kufuneka kwenziwe ngokweendlela ezisemgangathweni kunye namaxesha athile.
4. Susa ngoko nangoko:
Yandisa inani lotshintsho lomoya.
Umphunga kufutshane nendawo evelisa uthuli.
Phucula imo yokuhamba komoya ukuze uthintele uthuli ukuba lunganamatheli kwimveliso.
Ngamafutshane, ulawulo lokusingqongileyo kwamagumbi acocekileyo lubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho wemveliso, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, ukukhusela impilo nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomthetho, ukukhuthaza ubugcisa obutsha, kunye nokuphucula umfanekiso webhrendi. Amashishini kufuneka aqwalasele ngokupheleleyo ezi zinto xa esakha kwaye egcina amagumbi acocekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba amagumbi acocekileyo anokuhlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso kunye nophando nophuhliso.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-12-2024