Amagumbi acocekileyo asetyenziswa kumacandelo amaninzi emizi-mveliso, njengokwenziwa kweemveliso ze-optical, ukwenziwa kwezinto ezincinci, iinkqubo ezinkulu ze-electronic semiconductor, ukwenziwa kweenkqubo ze-hydraulic okanye ze-pneumatic, ukuveliswa kokutya neziselo, ishishini lamayeza, njl. Ukuhonjiswa kwegumbi elicocekileyo kubandakanya iimfuno ezininzi ezibanzi ezifana ne-air conditioning, i-electromechanical, umbane obuthathaka, ukucocwa kwamanzi, ukuthintela umlilo, i-anti-static, i-sterilization, njl. Ke ngoko, ukuze uhombise igumbi elicocekileyo kakuhle, kufuneka uqonde ulwazi olufanelekileyo.
Igumbi elicocekileyo libhekisa ekususweni kweesuntswana, umoya onobuthi nonobungozi, imithombo yeebhaktheriya kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo emoyeni ngaphakathi kwendawo ethile, kwaye ubushushu, ucoceko, isantya sokuhamba komoya kunye nokusasazwa komoya, uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, ingxolo, ukungcangcazela, ukukhanya, umbane ongashukumiyo, njl.njl. zilawulwa ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile olufunekayo, kwaye igumbi okanye igumbi lokusingqongileyo lenzelwe ukuba libe nentsingiselo ekhethekileyo.
1. Iindleko zokuhombisa igumbi ezicocekileyo
Zeziphi izinto ezichaphazela ixabiso lokuhombisa igumbi elicocekileyo? Ixhomekeke kakhulu kwizinto ezilishumi elinanye: inkqubo yomgcini, inkqubo yesiphelo, isilingi, ukwahlulahlula, umgangatho, inqanaba lococeko, iimfuno zokukhanyisa, udidi lweshishini, indawo yophawu, ukuphakama kwesilingi, kunye nendawo. Phakathi kwazo, ukuphakama kwesilingi kunye nendawo zizinto ezingenakuguquguquka, kwaye ezisithoba eziseleyo ziyaguquguquka. Ukuthatha inkqubo yomgcini njengomzekelo, kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili ezithengiswayo: iikhabhathi ezipholiswe ngamanzi, iiyunithi zokwandisa ngokuthe ngqo, ii-chillers ezipholiswe ngomoya, kunye nee-chillers ezipholiswe ngamanzi. Amaxabiso ezi yunithi zine zahlukeneyo ahluke ngokupheleleyo, kwaye umsantsa mkhulu kakhulu.
2. Ukuhombisa igumbi elicocekileyo kubandakanya ikakhulu ezi ndawo zilandelayo
(1) Misela isicwangciso kunye nekoteyishini, uze usayine ikhontrakthi
Ngokubanzi siqala ngokutyelela indawo, kwaye izicwangciso ezininzi kufuneka ziyilwe ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zendawo kunye neemveliso eziveliswa kwigumbi elicocekileyo. Amashishini ahlukeneyo aneemfuno ezahlukeneyo, amanqanaba ahlukeneyo, kunye namaxabiso ahlukeneyo. Kubalulekile ukuxelela umyili inqanaba lokucoceka, indawo, isilingi kunye nemiqadi yegumbi elicocekileyo. Kungcono ukuba nemizobo. Inceda uyilo lwasemva kokuveliswa kwaye inciphisa ixesha. Emva kokuba ixabiso lesicwangciso limiselwe, isivumelwano siyasayinwa kwaye ukwakhiwa kuyaqala.
(2) Uyilo lomgangatho wokuhombisa igumbi elicocekileyo
Ukuhombisa igumbi elicocekileyo ngokubanzi kubandakanya iindawo ezintathu: indawo ecocekileyo, indawo ecocekileyo kancinci kunye nendawo encedisayo. Uyilo lwegumbi elicocekileyo lungaba ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:
Iveranda ejikelezileyo: Iveranda ingaba neefestile okanye ingabi nazo, kwaye isetyenziselwa ukutyelela nokubeka ezinye izixhobo. Ezinye zifudumeza ngaphakathi kweveranda. Iifestile zangaphandle kufuneka zibe ziifestile ezitywiniweyo kabini.
Uhlobo lwendlela engaphakathi: Igumbi elicocekileyo likwicala elingaphandle, kwaye indlela ikwicala elingaphakathi. Inqanaba lokucoceka kwale ndlela ngokubanzi liphezulu, lilingana negumbi elicocekileyo elingenalo uthuli. Uhlobo oluneziphelo ezibini: indawo ecocekileyo ikwicala elinye, kwaye amagumbi acocekileyo nancedisayo akwicala elinye.
Uhlobo oluphambili: Ukuze kongiwe umhlaba kwaye kufudwe imibhobho, indawo ecocekileyo ingasetyenziswa njengesiseko, ijikelezwe ngamagumbi ahlukeneyo ancedisayo kunye neendawo ezifihlakeleyo zemibhobho. Le ndlela ithintela impembelelo yemozulu yangaphandle kwindawo ecocekileyo kwaye inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla abandayo kunye nobushushu, okunceda ukonga amandla.
(3) Ufakelo lwesahlulo segumbi olucocekileyo
Ilingana nesakhelo esiqhelekileyo. Emva kokuba izinto zingenisiwe, zonke iindonga zokwahlulahlula ziya kugqitywa. Ixesha liya kumiselwa ngokwendawo yesakhiwo sefektri. Ukuhombisa igumbi elicocekileyo lelezityalo zoshishino kwaye ngokubanzi kukhawuleza. Ngokungafaniyo nomzi-mveliso wokuhombisa, ixesha lokwakha licotha.
(4) Ukufakwa kwesilingi segumbi elicocekileyo
Emva kokuba kufakwe izahlulo, kufuneka ufake isilingi exhonyiweyo, into engenakutyeshelwa. Izixhobo ziya kufakwa kwisilingi, ezifana nezihluzi ze-FFU, izibane zokucoca, ii-air conditioner, njl. Umgama phakathi kwezikrufu zokuxhoma kunye neepleyiti kufuneka uhambelane nemigaqo. Yenza uyilo olufanelekileyo ukuze uphephe iingxaki ezingeyomfuneko kamva.
(5) Ufakelo lwezixhobo kunye nomoya opholileyo
Izixhobo eziphambili kushishino lwegumbi elicocekileyo ziquka: izihluzi ze-FFU, izibane zokucoca, ii-air vents, ii-air shawa, ii-air conditioner, njl. Izixhobo zihlala zicotha kancinci kwaye zithatha ixesha ukwenza ipeyinti yokutshiza. Ke ngoko, emva kokusayina isivumelwano, qaphela ixesha lokufika kwezixhobo. Okwangoku, ukufakwa kwe-workshop kugqityiwe, kwaye inyathelo elilandelayo kubunjineli bomhlaba.
(6) Ubunjineli bomhlaba
Luhlobo luni lwepeyinti yomgangatho efanelekileyo kuhlobo luni lomhlaba? Yintoni ekufuneka uyiqwalasele ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwepeyinti yomgangatho, lingakanani iqondo lobushushu kunye nomswakama, kwaye lingakanani ixesha emva kokuba ulwakhiwo lugqityiwe ngaphambi kokuba ungene. Abanini bayacetyiswa ukuba bajonge kuqala.
(7) Ukwamkelwa
Jonga ukuba izinto zokwahlulahlula azikho na. Ingaba indawo yokusebenzela ifikelele kwinqanaba na. Ingaba izixhobo kwindawo nganye zinokusebenza ngendlela eqhelekileyo, njl.
3. Ukukhetha izinto zokuhombisa zegumbi elicocekileyo
Izinto zokuhombisa ngaphakathi:
(1) Umthamo wokufuma womthi osetyenziswa kwigumbi elicocekileyo akufuneki ube ngaphezulu kwe-16% kwaye akufuneki ubekwe elubala. Ngenxa yokutshintsha rhoqo komoya kunye nokufuma okuphantsi kwigumbi elicocekileyo elingenalo uthuli, ukuba kusetyenziswa inani elikhulu lomthi, kulula ukomisa, ukujika, ukukhulula, ukuvelisa uthuli, njl. Nokuba usetyenziswa, kufuneka usetyenziswe kwindawo ethile, kwaye unyango lokulwa nokugqwala kunye nokumelana nokufuma kufuneka lwenziwe.
(2) Ngokubanzi, xa kufuneka iibhodi zegypsum kwigumbi elicocekileyo, kufuneka kusetyenziswe iibhodi zegypsum ezingangeni manzi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba ii-workshop zebhayoloji zihlala zihlanjwa ngamanzi kwaye zihlanjwe ngesibulali-ntsholongwane, neebhodi zegypsum ezingangeni manzi ziya kuchaphazeleka kukufuma kunye nokonakala kwaye azinakumelana nokuhlanjwa. Ke ngoko, kuchazwe ukuba ii-workshop zebhayoloji akufuneki zisebenzise ibhodi yegypsum njengezinto zokugquma.
(3) Amagumbi ahlukeneyo acocekileyo nawo kufuneka aqwalasele iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zomntu ngamnye xa ekhetha izinto zokuhombisa zangaphakathi.
(4) Igumbi elicocekileyo lidla ngokufuna ukusulwa rhoqo. Ukongeza ekusulweni ngamanzi, kusetyenziswa amanzi okubulala iintsholongwane, utywala, kunye nezinye izinyibilikisi. Ezi zinto zimanzi zihlala zineempawu ezithile zeekhemikhali kwaye ziya kubangela ukuba umphezulu wezinye izinto utshintshe umbala kwaye uwe. Oku kufuneka kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuba usulwe ngamanzi. Izinto zokuhombisa zinokumelana neekhemikhali ezithile.
(5) Amagumbi okucoca aphilayo afana namagumbi okusebenzela adla ngokufaka ijenereyitha ye-O3 ukuze kufezwe iimfuno zokubulala iintsholongwane. I-O3 (i-ozone) yigesi enamandla yokuxovula eya kukhawulezisa ukuxovula kunye nokugqwala kwezinto ezikwindawo esingqongileyo, ingakumbi iintsimbi, kwaye iya kubangela ukuba umphezulu wokugquma ngokubanzi uphele kwaye utshintshe umbala ngenxa yokuxovula, ngoko ke olu hlobo lwegumbi elicocekileyo lufuna izixhobo zalo zokuhombisa zibe nokumelana okuhle nokuxovula.
Izinto zokuhombisa eludongeni:
(1) Ukuqina kwethayile yeseramikhi: Iithayile zeseramikhi aziyi kuqhekeka, zijijeke, okanye zifunxe ukungcola ixesha elide emva kokuba zibekwe. Ungasebenzisa le ndlela ilula ilandelayo ukugweba: i-inki ethontsizayo ngasemva kwemveliso uze ubone ukuba i-inki isasazeka ngokuzenzekelayo na. Ngokubanzi, okukhona i-inki isasazeka kancinci, kokukhona isantya sokufunxwa kwamanzi siba sincinci, kokukhona umgangatho wangaphakathi ungcono, kwaye kokukhona ukuqina kwemveliso kusiba ngcono. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kokukhona ukuqina kwemveliso kusiba kubi.
(2) Iplastiki yodonga elwa neentsholongwane: Iplastiki yodonga elwa neentsholongwane isetyenzisiwe kumagumbi ambalwa acocekileyo. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kumagumbi ancedisayo nakwiindlela ezicocekileyo nakwezinye iindawo ezinezinga eliphantsi lococeko. Iplastiki yodonga elwa neentsholongwane isebenzisa kakhulu iindlela zokuncamathisela eludongeni kunye namalungu. Indlela yokuncamathisela exineneyo ifana nephepha lodonga. Ngenxa yokuba inamathela, ixesha layo lokuphila alide, kulula ukuyijika kwaye idumbe xa ivezwa kumswakama, kwaye umgangatho wayo wokuhombisa uphantsi ngokubanzi, kwaye uluhlu lokusetyenziswa kwayo luncinci.
(3) Iiphaneli zokuhombisa: Iiphaneli zokuhombisa, ezaziwa ngokuba ziiphaneli, zenziwa ngokuplanga ngokuchanekileyo iibhodi zomthi oqinileyo zibe zii-veneers ezincinci ezinobukhulu obuyi-0.2mm, kusetyenziswa i-plywood njengezinto ezisisiseko, kwaye zenziwe ngenkqubo yokuncamathelisa enesiphumo sokuhombisa esicala linye.
(4) Iipleyiti zentsimbi ezinombala we-rock wool ezingatshiyo nezishushu ziyasetyenziswa kwiisilingi nakwiindonga ezixhonyiweyo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zeepaneli zesandwich ze-rock wool: iipaneli zesandwich ze-rock wool ezenziwe ngomatshini kunye neepaneli zesandwich ze-rock wool ezenziwe ngesandla. Kuqhelekile ukukhetha iipaneli zesandwich ze-rock wool ezenziwe ngomatshini ngeendleko zokuhombisa.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-22-2024