Izixhobo ezizinzileyo kwigumbi elicocekileyo ezinxulumene kakhulu nendawo ecocekileyo yegumbi, nto leyo ikakhulu yinkqubo yokuvelisa kwigumbi elicocekileyo kunye nezixhobo zenkqubo yokucoca umoya ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zococeko. Ukugcinwa kunye nokulawulwa kwenkqubo yokusebenza kwezixhobo zenkqubo yokucoca umoya kwigumbi elicocekileyo zezasekhaya. Kukho amalungiselelo afanayo kwimigangatho kunye neenkcukacha ezifanelekileyo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Nangona kukho umahluko othile kwiimeko, imihla yokusetyenziswa, imithetho kunye nemigaqo yamazwe okanye imimandla eyahlukeneyo, kwanomahluko kwindlela yokucinga kunye neengcinga, umlinganiselo wokufana usephezulu kakhulu.
1. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo: ucoceko kwigumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka luhambelane nomda weenxalenye zothuli emoyeni ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nexesha elichaziweyo lovavanyo. Amagumbi acocekileyo (iindawo) alingana okanye angqongqo kune-ISO 5 akufuneki adlule kwiinyanga ezi-6, ngelixa ukubekwa esweni kwe-ISO 6~9 kwemingcele yeenxalenye zothuli emoyeni kuyafuneka kwi-GB 50073 kungabi ngaphezu kweenyanga ezili-12. Ucoceko lwe-ISO 1 ukuya ku-3 lujongwa ngebhayisekile, i-ISO 4 ukuya ku-6 lujongwa kanye ngeveki, kwaye i-ISO 7 ijongwa kanye kwiinyanga ezi-3, kanye kwiinyanga ezi-6 kwi-ISO 8 kunye ne-9.
2. Umthamo womoya okanye isantya somoya kunye nomahluko woxinzelelo lwegumbi elicocekileyo (indawo) kungqina ukuba liyaqhubeka nokuhlangabezana nexesha elichaziweyo lovavanyo, eliziinyanga ezili-12 kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ococeko: I-GB 50073 ifuna ukuba ubushushu kunye nokufuma kwegumbi elicocekileyo kujongwe rhoqo. Ucoceko I-ISO 1~3 lujongwa rhoqo, amanye amanqanaba aphindwe kabini ngeshifti nganye; Malunga nomahluko woxinzelelo lwegumbi elicocekileyo, ucoceko I-ISO 1~3 lujongwa rhoqo, I-ISO 4~6 ikanye ngeveki, I-ISO 7 ukuya kwi-9 ikanye ngenyanga.
3. Kukwakho neemfuno zokutshintshwa kwezihluzi ze-hepa kwiinkqubo zokucoca umoya. Izihluzi zomoya ze-hepa kufuneka zitshintshwe nakweyiphi na kwezi meko zilandelayo: isantya sokuhamba komoya siyehla siye kumda ophantsi, nokuba emva kokutshintshwa kwezihluzi zomoya eziphambili neziphakathi, isantya sokuhamba komoya asikakwazi ukwanda: ukumelana kwesihluzi somoya se-hepa kufikelela kwi-1.5 ~ 2 amaxesha okuxhathisa kokuqala; isihluzi somoya se-hepa sinokuvuza okungenakulungiseka.
4. Inkqubo yokugcinwa nokulungiswa kunye neendlela zezixhobo ezizinzileyo kufuneka zilawulwe kwaye zinciphise ungcoliseko olunokwenzeka kwindawo ecocekileyo yegumbi. Imigaqo yolawulo lwegumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka ibhale phantsi iinkqubo zokugcinwa nokulungiswa kwezixhobo ukuqinisekisa ulawulo longcoliseko kwindawo ecocekileyo yegumbi, kwaye kufuneka kwenziwe isicwangciso somsebenzi wokukhusela ukugcinwa kwezinto ukuze kufezekiswe ukugcinwa okanye ukutshintshwa kwezixhobo ngaphambi kokuba zibe "yimithombo yongcoliseko."
5. Izixhobo ezizinzileyo ziya kuguga, zingcole, okanye zikhuphe ungcoliseko ngokuhamba kwexesha ukuba azigcinwa. Ulondolozo lokuthintela luqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo azibi ngumthombo wongcoliseko. Xa kugcinwa kwaye kulungiswa izixhobo, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okukhusela/okukhusela afunekayo ukuze kuthintelwe ukungcolisa igumbi elicocekileyo.
6. Ukugcinwa kakuhle kufuneka kuquke ukucoca umphezulu wangaphandle. Ukuba inkqubo yokuvelisa imveliso ifuna oko, umphezulu wangaphakathi nawo kufuneka ucoceke. Akufuneki nje ukuba izixhobo zibe kwimeko yokusebenza, kodwa amanyathelo okususa ungcoliseko kumphezulu wangaphakathi nangaphandle nawo kufuneka ahambelane neemfuno zenkqubo. Amanyathelo aphambili okulawula ungcoliseko oluveliswa ngexesha lokugcinwa kwezixhobo ezizinzileyo ngala: izixhobo ezifuna ukulungiswa kufuneka zisuswe kwisithili apho zikhoyo ngaphambi kokuba zilungiswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa amathuba ongcoliseko; ukuba kuyimfuneko, izixhobo ezizinzileyo kufuneka zahlulwe ngokufanelekileyo kwigumbi elicocekileyo elijikelezileyo. Emva koko, kwenziwa umsebenzi omkhulu wokulungisa okanye wokulungisa, okanye zonke iimveliso eziqhubekayo zisuswe zasiwa kwindawo efanelekileyo; indawo yegumbi elicocekileyo elikufutshane nezixhobo ezilungiswayo kufuneka ibekwe esweni ngokufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ulawulo olufanelekileyo longcoliseko;
7. Abasebenzi bokulungisa abasebenza kwindawo eyodwa akufuneki badibane nabo benza iinkqubo zemveliso okanye zenkqubo. Bonke abasebenzi abagcina okanye abalungisa izixhobo kwigumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka bathobele imithetho nemigaqo ebekiweyo kuloo ndawo, kuquka ukunxiba impahla yegumbi ecocekileyo. Nxiba impahla yegumbi ecocekileyo efunekayo kwigumbi elicocekileyo kwaye ucoce indawo kunye nezixhobo emva kokuba ugcino lugqityiwe.
8. Ngaphambi kokuba iingcali zilale ngomqolo okanye zilale phantsi kwezixhobo ukuze zenze ulondolozo, kufuneka ziqale zicacise iimeko zezixhobo, iinkqubo zemveliso, njl.njl., kwaye ziphathe ngokufanelekileyo imeko yeekhemikhali, ii-asidi, okanye izinto ezinobungozi kwi-bio ngaphambi kokuba zisebenze; kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okukhusela impahla ecocekileyo ekudibaneni nezinto zokuthambisa okanye iikhemikhali zokucubungula kwaye zingakrazulwa yimiphetho yesipili. Zonke izixhobo, iibhokisi kunye neetroli ezisetyenziselwa ulondolozo okanye umsebenzi wokulungisa kufuneka zicocwe kakuhle ngaphambi kokuba zingene kwigumbi elicocekileyo. Izixhobo ezigqwalileyo okanye ezigqwalileyo azivumelekanga. Ukuba ezi zixhobo zisetyenziswa kwigumbi elicocekileyo lebhayoloji, zinokufuna ukuba zicocwe okanye zicocwe iintsholongwane; iingcali akufuneki zibeke izixhobo, iindawo ezingasetyenziswayo, iindawo ezonakeleyo, okanye izinto zokucoca kufutshane neendawo zokusebenza ezilungiselelwe imveliso kunye nezinto zokucoca.
9. Ngexesha lokugcinwa, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukucoca ngamaxesha onke ukuthintela ukuqokelelana kongcoliseko; iiglavu kufuneka zitshintshwe rhoqo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuvezwa kolusu kwiindawo ezicocekileyo ngenxa yeeglavu ezonakeleyo; ukuba kuyimfuneko, sebenzisa iiglavu zegumbi ezingacocekanga (ezifana neeglavu ezimelana ne-asidi, ezimelana nobushushu okanye ezimelana nokukrweleka), ezi glavu kufuneka zilungele igumbi elicocekileyo, okanye kufuneka zinxitywe phezu kweeglavu zegumbi ezicocekileyo.
10. Sebenzisa isicoci se-vacuum xa ugqobhoza kwaye usarha. Imisebenzi yolondolozo kunye nokwakha idla ngokufuna ukusetyenziswa kwee-drill kunye neesarha. Izigqubuthelo ezikhethekileyo zingasetyenziselwa ukugubungela izixhobo kunye neendawo zokusebenza ze-drill kunye neembiza; imingxuma evulekileyo eshiyekileyo emva kokugqobhoza emhlabeni, eludongeni, ecaleni kwezixhobo, okanye kwezinye iindawo ezinjalo. Kufuneka ivalwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuthintela ukungcola ukuba kungangeni kwigumbi elicocekileyo. Iindlela zokutywina ziquka ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokubopha, izincamathelisi kunye neepleyiti zokuvala ezikhethekileyo. Emva kokuba umsebenzi wokulungisa ugqityiwe, kunokufuneka ukuqinisekisa ukucoceka kwemiphezulu yezixhobo ezilungisiweyo okanye ezigcinwe kakuhle.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-17-2023