Indawo yegumbi lezixhobo zenkqubo yokupholisa umoya ekhonza igumbi elicocekileyo lesibhedlele kufuneka imiselwe ngovavanyo olubanzi lwezinto ezininzi. Imigaqo emibini ephambili—ukusondela kunye nokwahlulwa—kufuneka ikhokele isigqibo. Igumbi lezixhobo kufuneka libe kufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka neendawo ezicocekileyo (ezifana namagumbi okusebenzela, ii-ICU, iindawo zokucubungula ezicocekileyo) ukuze kuncitshiswe ubude bokunikezelwa kunye nemibhobho yomoya ebuyayo. Oku kunceda ekunciphiseni ukuxhathisa komoya kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukugcina uxinzelelo lomoya oluchanekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo, kunye nokonga iindleko zokwakha. Ngaphezu koko, igumbi kufuneka lihlukaniswe ngokufanelekileyo ukuthintela ukungcangcazela, ingxolo kunye nokungena kothuli ekungcoliseni imeko-bume elawulwayo yegumbi elicocekileyo lesibhedlele.
Izifundo zeemeko zehlabathi lokwenyani zigxininisa ngakumbi ukubaluleka kokubekwa ngokufanelekileyo kwegumbi lezixhobo ze-HVAC. Umzekelo,Iprojekthi yokucoca amagumbi okucoca amayeza e-USA, enoyilo lwe-ISO 8 olunezikhongozeli ezimbini, kunyeIprojekthi yegumbi lokucoca nge-elektroniki eLatvia, efakwe ngempumelelo kwisakhiwo esikhoyo, zombini zibonisa indlela uyilo lwe-HVAC olucwangcisiweyo kunye nocwangciso lokuzahlula olubaluleke ngayo ekufezekiseni iindawo ezicocekileyo zegumbi ezisebenzayo nezisemgangathweni ophezulu.
1. Umgaqo woBusondele
Kwimeko yegumbi elicocekileyo lesibhedlele, igumbi lezixhobo (iifeni zezindlu, iiyunithi zokuphatha umoya, iimpompo, njl.njl.) kufuneka libe kufutshane kangangoko kunokwenzeka neendawo ezicocekileyo (umzekelo, iisuite ze-OR, amagumbi e-ICU, iilabhoratri ezicocekileyo). Ubude obufutshane bemibhobho bunciphisa ukulahleka koxinzelelo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphantsi, kwaye bunceda ukugcina ukuhamba komoya kunye namanqanaba okucoceka rhoqo kwiindawo zokungenisa umoya. Ezi zibonelelo ziphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo kwaye zinciphisa iindleko zokusebenza—ezibalulekileyo kwiiprojekthi zeziseko zesibhedlele.
2. Ukuzahlula okusebenzayo
Okubaluleke ngokufanayo kukwahlukaniswa ngokufanelekileyo kwegumbi lezixhobo ze-HVAC kwindawo ecocekileyo. Izixhobo ezifana neefeni okanye iimoto zivelisa ukungcangcazela, ingxolo kwaye zinokuhambisa iinxalenye zomoya ukuba azivalwanga okanye azifakwanga buffer ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba igumbi lezixhobo aliyiphazamisi ucoceko okanye intuthuzelo yegumbi elicocekileyo lesibhedlele kubalulekile. Amaqhinga aqhelekileyo okuzahlula aquka:
➤Ukwahlulwa kwesakhiwo: njengeendawo zokuhlala, iindawo zokwahlulwa-hlulwa eziphindwe kabini, okanye iindawo ezibekelwe bucala phakathi kwegumbi le-HVAC kunye negumbi elicocekileyo.
➤Iindlela ezisasazekileyo/ezisasazekileyo: ukubeka iiyunithi ezincinci zokuphatha umoya eluphahleni, ngaphezulu kweesilingi, okanye ngaphantsi kwemigangatho ukunciphisa ukungcangcazela kunye nokudluliselwa kwengxolo.
➤Isakhiwo se-HVAC esizimeleyo: kwezinye iimeko, igumbi lezixhobo lisakhiwo esahlukileyo ngaphandle kwesakhiwo esiphambili segumbi elicocekileyo; oku kunokuvumela ukufikelela lula kwenkonzo kunye nokwahlukanisa, nangona ukuthintela amanzi, ulawulo lokungcangcazela kunye nokwahlukanisa isandi kufuneka kujongwane nononophelo.
3. Ukwahlulahlula kunye noyilo oluneziteyara
Uyilo olucetyiswayo lwamagumbi acocekileyo esibhedlele “ngumthombo wokupholisa/wokufudumeza ophakathi nendawo + iiyunithi zokuphatha umoya ezisezantsi” endaweni yegumbi elinye elikhulu lezixhobo eziphakathi elikhonza zonke iindawo. Olu lungiselelo luphucula ukuguquguquka kwenkqubo, luvumela ulawulo lwangaphakathi, lunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvalwa kwezixhobo ezipheleleyo, kwaye luphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla. Umzekelo, iprojekthi yegumbi lokucoca lemodyuli yase-USA eyayisebenzisa ukuhanjiswa kweekhonteyina ibonisa indlela izixhobo zemodyuli kunye noyilo ezinokukhawulezisa ngayo ukusasazwa ngelixa zihambelana neemfuno zokwahlulahlula imimandla ye-HVAC.
4. Izinto eziqwalaselwayo kwiNdawo eKhethekileyo
-Iindawo ezicocekileyo (umz., ii-Operating Theatres, i-ICU):
Kwala magumbi acocekileyo esibhedlele abaluleke kakhulu, kungcono ukubeka igumbi lezixhobo ze-HVAC nokuba likwindawo yokudibanisa izixhobo zobugcisa (ngaphezulu kophahla), okanye kwindawo yokuncedisa ekufutshane eyahlulwe yigumbi le-buffer. Ukuba indawo yokudibanisa izixhobo zobugcisa ayinakwenzeka, umntu unokubeka igumbi lezixhobo kwelinye icala lomgangatho ofanayo, kunye nendawo yokuncedisa (iofisi, indawo yokugcina) esebenza njenge-buffer/transition.
-Iindawo eziQhelekileyo (Amagumbi okuGcina, Iindawo zokuGcina izigulane ezingalaliswanga):
Kwiindawo ezinkulu nezingabalulekanga kangako, igumbi lezixhobo linokuba kumgangatho ongaphantsi komhlaba (iiyunithi ezisasazekileyo ezingaphantsi komgangatho) okanye eluphahleni (iiyunithi ezisasazekileyo eziphezu kophahla). Ezi ndawo zinceda ekunciphiseni ukungcangcazela kunye nefuthe lengxolo kwiindawo zezigulana kunye nabasebenzi ngelixa zisalungisa umthamo omkhulu.
5. Iinkcukacha zobugcisa nezokhuseleko
Nokuba igumbi lezixhobo likuphi na, kukho ukhuseleko oluthile lobuchwephesha oluyimfuneko:
➤Ukuthintela amanzi kunye nokukhupha amanzi, ingakumbi kumagumbi e-HVAC ophahla okanye kumgangatho ophezulu, ukuthintela ukungena kwamanzi okunokubeka emngciphekweni ukusebenza kwamagumbi okucoca.
➤Iziseko zokwahlukanisa ukungcangcazela, njengeebhloko ze-inertia zekhonkrithi ezidityaniswe nee-vibration-dampening mounts phantsi kweefeni, iipompo, ii-chillers, njl.njl.
➤Unyango lwe-acoustic: iingcango ezifakwe isandi, iiphaneli zokufunxa, iifreyimu ezidityanisiweyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukudluliselwa kwengxolo kwiindawo ezicocekileyo zesibhedlele ezinobuthathaka.
➤Ukuqina komoya kunye nolawulo lothuli: imibhobho, ukungena kunye neephaneli zokufikelela kufuneka zivalwe ukuze kuthintelwe ukungena kothuli; uyilo kufuneka lunciphise iindlela ezinokubangela ungcoliseko.
Isiphelo
Ukukhetha indawo efanelekileyo yegumbi lezixhobo zomoya opholileyo kwigumbi lokucoca kufuna ukuqwalaselwa ngokulinganiselayo kweemfuno zeprojekthi, uyilo lwesakhiwo, kunye neemfuno zokusebenza. Injongo yokugqibela kukufezekisa inkqubo ye-HVAC esebenzayo, egcina amandla, nengenangxolo iphantsi eqinisekisa imeko-bume yegumbi lokucoca ezinzileyo nehambelanayo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-10-2025