Ukuzalwa kwegumbi elicocekileyo
Ukuvela nophuhliso lwazo zonke iiteknoloji kungenxa yeemfuno zemveliso. Iteknoloji yegumbi elicocekileyo ayifani nayo. Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, ii-gyroscopes ezithwala umoya eziveliswe eMelika zokuqhuba iinqwelomoya kwafuneka ziphinde zisetyenzwe ngokomyinge wezihlandlo ezili-120 kwi-gyroscope nganye ezili-10 ngenxa yomgangatho ongaguqukiyo. Ngexesha leMfazwe yaseKorea kwiPeninsula ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1950, izinto ze-elektroniki ezingaphezu kwesigidi zatshintshwa kwizixhobo zonxibelelwano ze-elektroniki ezili-160,000 eMelika. Ukusilela kweradar kwenzeke ngama-84% exesha, kwaye ukusilela kwe-sonar yolwandle kwenzeke ngama-48% exesha. Isizathu kukuba izixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye neenxalenye zazo zinokuthembeka okuphantsi kunye nomgangatho ongaguqukiyo. Amajoni kunye nabavelisi baphanda unobangela kwaye ekugqibeleni bafumanisa kwiinkalo ezininzi ukuba unxulumene nendawo yemveliso engacocekanga. Nangona kungekho zindleko zigciniweyo kwaye kwathathwa amanyathelo ahlukeneyo angqongqo ukuvala i-workshop yemveliso, iziphumo zazincinci. Ngoko ke oku kwaba kukuzalwa kwegumbi elicocekileyo!
Uphuhliso lwegumbi elicocekileyo
Inqanaba lokuqala: Kude kube sekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1950, i-HEPA-High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter, eyaphuhliswa ngempumelelo yi-US Atomic Energy Commission ngo-1951 ukusombulula ingxaki yokubamba uthuli olunemisebe oluyingozi ebantwini, yasetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuhambisa iiworkshops zemveliso. Ukuhluzwa komoya ngokwenene kwazala igumbi elicocekileyo elinentsingiselo yanamhlanje.
Inqanaba lesibini: Ngo-1961, uWillis Whitfield, umphandi ophezulu kwiSandia National Laboratories eMelika, wacebisa oko kwakubizwa ngokuba yi-laminar flow ngelo xesha, kwaye ngoku kuthiwa yi-unidirectional flow. (unidirectional flow) isicwangciso sombutho wokuhamba komoya ococekileyo kwaye sasetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi zokwenyani. Ukususela ngoko, igumbi elicocekileyo lifikelele kwinqanaba elingazange libonwe ngaphambili lokucoceka.
Inqanaba lesithathu: Kuloo nyaka mnye, i-US Air Force yaqulunqa yaza yakhupha umgangatho wokuqala wehlabathi wegumbi elicocekileyo i-TO-00-25--203 Air Force Directive "Umgangatho woYilo kunye neempawu zokusebenza kwamagumbi acocekileyo kunye neebhentshi ezicocekileyo." Ngenxa yesi sizathu, umgangatho we-US federal FED-STD-209, owahlulahlula amagumbi acocekileyo abe ngamanqanaba amathathu, wabhengezwa ngoDisemba 1963. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iprototype yetekhnoloji yegumbi elicocekileyo egqibeleleyo yenziwe.
Ezi nkqubela ziphambili zintathu zingasentla zihlala zibizwa ngokuba ziimbali ezintathu ezibalulekileyo kwimbali yophuhliso lwanamhlanje lwamagumbi acocekileyo.
Phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1960, amagumbi acocekileyo ayevela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino eMelika. Yayingasetyenziswa kuphela kwishishini lezomkhosi, kodwa yayikwakhuthazwa kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki, ii-optics, ii-micro bearings, ii-micro motors, iifilimu ezibonisa ukukhanya, ii-reagents zeekhemikhali ezicocekileyo kakhulu kunye namanye amacandelo ezoshishino, idlala indima enkulu ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso lwesayensi, ubuchwepheshe kunye nemizi-mveliso ngelo xesha. Ngenxa yoku, oku kulandelayo kukwazisa ngeenkcukacha kumazwe asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
Uthelekiso lophuhliso
Kwamanye Amazwe: Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1950, ukuze kusonjululwe ingxaki yokubamba uthuli olunemisebe oluyingozi emzimbeni womntu, i-US Atomic Energy Commission yazisa isihluzo somoya se-particle esisebenza kakuhle kakhulu (i-HEPA) ngo-1950, esaba sisiqalo sokuqala kwimbali yophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ecocekileyo. Kwiminyaka yoo-1960, amagumbi acocekileyo aqala ukusebenza kwiimashini ezichanekileyo ze-elektroniki nakwezinye iifektri eMelika. Kwangaxeshanye, inkqubo yokutshintsha itekhnoloji yegumbi elicocekileyo lemizi-mveliso ukuya kumagumbi acocekileyo ebhayoloji yaqala. Ngo-1961, kwazalwa igumbi elicocekileyo le-laminar flow (unidirectional flow). Umgangatho wokuqala wegumbi elicocekileyo emhlabeni - i-US Air Force Technical Doctrine 203 yasekwa. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1970, ingqwalasela yokwakhiwa kwamagumbi acocekileyo yaqala ukutshintshela kumashishini ezonyango, amayeza, ukutya kunye neekhemikhali. Ukongeza eMelika, amanye amazwe aphuhlileyo kwezoshishino afana neJapan, iJamani, i-United Kingdom, iFrance, iSwitzerland, iSoviet Union yangaphambili, iNetherlands, njl.njl. nawo agxininisa ukubaluleka okukhulu kwaye aphuhlise ngamandla itekhnoloji ecocekileyo. Emva kweminyaka yoo-1980, i-United States neJapan zaphumelela ekuphuhliseni izihluzi ezintsha ze-ultra-hepa ezinethagethi yokucoca eyi-0.1 μm kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokuqokelela kwe-99.99%. Ekugqibeleni, kwakhiwa amagumbi acocekileyo kakhulu ane-0.1 μm level 10 kunye ne-0.1 μm level 1, nto leyo eyazisa uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji ecocekileyo kwixesha elitsha.
ITshayina: Ukususela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1960 ukuya ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1970, le minyaka ilishumi yayilixesha lokuqala nelisisiseko sobuchwepheshe begumbi elicocekileyo laseTshayina. Malunga neminyaka elishumi kamva kunaphesheya. Yayilixesha elikhethekileyo nelinzima, elinoqoqosho olubuthathaka kwaye kungekho diplomacy yamazwe aqinileyo. Phantsi kweemeko ezinzima kangaka kunye neemfuno zoomatshini abachanekileyo, izixhobo zeenqwelo moya kunye namashishini e-elektroniki, abasebenzi beteknoloji yegumbi elicocekileyo baseTshayina baqala uhambo lwabo loshishino. Ukususela ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1970 ukuya ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1980, ubuchwepheshe begumbi elicocekileyo baseTshayina bufumene inqanaba lophuhliso eliqaqambileyo. Kwinkqubo yophuhliso lweteknoloji yegumbi elicocekileyo laseTshayina, impumelelo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo nezibalulekileyo phantse zonke zazalwa kweli nqanaba. Izalathisi zifikelele kwinqanaba lobuchwephesha lamazwe angaphandle ngeminyaka yoo-1980. Ukususela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1990 ukuya kuthi ga ngoku, uqoqosho lwaseTshayina luye lwagcina ukukhula okuzinzileyo nokukhawulezayo, utyalo-mali lwamazwe ngamazwe luye lwaqhubeka nokufakwa, kwaye amaqela amaninzi ehlabathi aye akha iifektri ezininzi ze-microelectronics ngokulandelelana eTshayina. Ngoko ke, itekhnoloji yasekhaya kunye nabaphandi banamathuba amaninzi okunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo neengcinga zoyilo lwamagumbi angaphandle acocekileyo akumgangatho ophezulu, kunye nokuqonda izixhobo kunye nezixhobo eziphambili zehlabathi, ulawulo kunye nokugcinwa, njl.
Ngophuhliso lwesayensi netekhnoloji, iinkampani zaseTshayina ezicocekileyo zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Imigangatho yokuphila yabantu iyaqhubeka nokuphucula, kwaye iimfuno zabo zokusingqongileyo okuhlala kunye nomgangatho wobomi ziya zisanda. Itekhnoloji yobunjineli begumbi elicocekileyo iye yahlengahlengiswa kancinci kancinci ukuze ilungele ukucocwa komoya emakhaya. Okwangoku, iiprojekthi zaseTshayina ezicocekileyo azifanelekanga kuphela kwi-elektroniki, izixhobo zombane, amayeza, ukutya, uphando lwesayensi kunye namanye amashishini, kodwa zikwanokusetyenziswa emakhaya, kwiindawo zokuzonwabisa zikawonke-wonke, kumaziko emfundo, njl. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwesayensi netekhnoloji, iinkampani zobunjineli begumbi elicocekileyo ziye zasasazeka kancinci ukuya kumawaka emizi. Ubungakanani boshishino lwezixhobo zegumbi elicocekileyo lasekhaya nalo lukhule imihla ngemihla, kwaye abantu baqale ukonwabela kancinci kancinci imiphumo yobunjineli begumbi elicocekileyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Septemba-20-2023