Ukuzalwa kwegumbi elicocekileyo
Ukuvela kunye nokuphuhliswa kwazo zonke iteknoloji ngenxa yeemfuno zemveliso. Itekhnoloji yegumbi ecocekileyo ayinjalo. Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, iigyroscopes ezinomoya eziveliswa eUnited States ukuze zikwazi ukuhamba ngenqwelo-moya kwafuneka ziphinde zenziwe ngokutsha umyinge wamaxesha ali-120 kuzo zonke iigyroscope ezili-10 ngenxa yomgangatho ongazinzanga. Ngexesha leMfazwe yasePeninsula yaseKorea ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1950, ngaphezu kwesigidi sezixhobo ze-elektroniki zatshintshwa kwi-160,000 yezixhobo zonxibelelwano lwe-elektroniki eUnited States. Ukungaphumeleli kwe-radar kwenzeka i-84% yexesha, kwaye ukungaphumeleli kwe-sonar ye-submarine kwenzeka i-48% yexesha. Isizathu sesokuba izixhobo zombane kunye neenxalenye azithembakali kakuhle kunye nomgangatho ongazinzanga. Umkhosi kunye nabavelisi baphanda unobangela kwaye ekugqibeleni bagqiba kwiinkalo ezininzi ukuba inxulumene nendawo yemveliso engacocekanga. Nangona kungekho ndleko igcinwe kwaye kwathathwa amanyathelo angqongqo okuvala iworkshop yemveliso, iziphumo bezincinci. Ngoko oku yayikukuzalwa kwegumbi elicocekileyo!
Ukuphuhliswa kwegumbi elicocekileyo
Inqanaba lokuqala: Kuze kube sekuqaleni kwe-1950, i-HEPA-High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter, eyaphuhliswa ngempumelelo yi-US Atomic Energy Commission ngo-1951 ukusombulula ingxaki yokubamba uthuli lwe-radioactive oluyingozi ebantwini, lusetyenziswe kwinkqubo yokunikezelwa. yeendibano zocweyo zemveliso. Ukuhluzwa komoya ngokwenene kwazala igumbi elicocekileyo elinokubaluleka kwale mihla.
Inqanaba lesibini: Ngowe-1961, uWillis Whitfield, umphandi ophambili kwiSandia National Laboratories eUnited States, wenza isiphakamiso ngoko kwakubizwa ngokuba yilaminar flow ngoko, ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yi-unidirectional flow. (i-unidirectional flow) isicwangciso sombutho wokuhamba komoya ococekileyo kwaye sisetyenziswe kwiiprojekthi zangempela. Ukususela ngoko, igumbi elicocekileyo liye lafikelela kwinqanaba elingakaze libonwe lokucoceka.
Inqanaba lesithathu: Ngaloo nyaka, i-US Air Force yaqulunqa kwaye yakhupha umgangatho wokuqala wegumbi elicocekileyo lehlabathi TO-00-25--203 I-Air Force Directive "Umgangatho woYilo kunye neempawu zokuSebenza zamagumbi acocekileyo kunye neebhentshi ezicocekileyo." Ngesi siseko, i-US federal standard FED-STD-209, eyahlula amagumbi acocekileyo ngamanqanaba amathathu, yabhengezwa ngoDisemba 1963. Kuze kube ngoku, iprototype yeteknoloji yegumbi elicocekileyo lenziwe.
Ezi nkqubela ziphambili zintathu zidla ngokunconywa njengeembali ezintathu kwimbali yophuhliso lwangoku lwamagumbi acocekileyo.
Phakathi kwiminyaka yee-1960, amagumbi acocekileyo ayevela kumacandelo ahlukeneyo emizi-mveliso eUnited States. Ayizange isetyenziswe kuphela kwishishini lezomkhosi, kodwa ikwakhuthazwa kwi-electronics, optics, micro bearings, micro motors, photosensitive films, ultrapure chemical reagents kunye namanye amacandelo oshishino, idlala indima enkulu ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso lwesayensi, iteknoloji kunye noshishino ngelo xesha. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, oku kulandelayo yintshayelelo eneenkcukacha kumazwe angaphakathi nangaphandle.
Ukuthelekisa uphuhliso
Kwilizwe langaphandle: Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1950, ukuze kusonjululwe ingxaki yokubamba uthuli lwe-radioactive oluyingozi emzimbeni womntu, iKhomishini yaMandla eAtomic yase-US yazisa isihluzo somoya esisebenza kakuhle kakhulu (i-HEPA) ngowe-1950, eyaba sisiganeko sokuqala embalini. imbali yophuhliso lobugcisa obucocekileyo. Ngeminyaka yee-1960, amagumbi acocekileyo ayeveliswa ngoomatshini bobuchwephesha be-elektroniki nakweminye imizi-mveliso yaseUnited States. Kwangelo xesha, inkqubo yokutshintshela itekhnoloji yegumbi elicocekileyo kumagumbi acocekileyo ebhayoloji yaqala. Kwi-1961, i-laminar flow (i-unidirectional flow) igumbi elicocekileyo lazalwa. Umgangatho wokuqala wegumbi elicocekileyo kwihlabathi - US Air Force Technical Doctrine 203 yasekwa. Ekuqaleni kwee-1970, ugxininiso lokwakhiwa kwegumbi elicocekileyo lwaqala ukutshintshela kumashishini ezonyango, amayeza, ukutya kunye ne-biochemical. Ukongeza kwi-United States, amanye amazwe ahambele phambili kwezoshishino anjengeJapan, iJamani, iUnited Kingdom, iFransi, iSwitzerland, indawo eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union, iNetherlands, njl. Emva kweminyaka yee-1980, iUnited States kunye neJapan zaphuhlisa ngempumelelo izihluzi ze-ultra-hepa kunye nethagethi yokucoca i-0.1 μm kunye nokuqokelela kakuhle kwe-99.99%. Ekugqibeleni, amagumbi acocekileyo e-ultra-hepa ane-0.1μm inqanaba le-10 kunye ne-0.1μm inqanaba le-1 lakhiwa, elizisa uphuhliso lobuchwepheshe obucocekileyo kwixesha elitsha.
ETshayina: Ukusukela ekuqaleni koo-1960 ukuya ekupheleni koo-1970, le minyaka ilishumi yayilinqanaba lokuqala nesiseko sobuchwephesha begumbi elicocekileyo laseTshayina. Phantse kwiminyaka elishumi kamva kunaphesheya. Yayilixesha elikhethekileyo nelinzima, uqoqosho olubuthathaka kwaye kungekho diplomacy yelizwe elomeleleyo. Phantsi kwezo meko zinzima kwaye zijikeleze iimfuno zoomatshini abachanekileyo, izixhobo zokubhabha ngenqwelomoya kunye namashishini e-elektroniki, abasebenzi betekhnoloji yegumbi elicocekileyo laseTshayina baqala uhambo lwabo lokurhweba. Ukusukela ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1970 ukuya ekupheleni koo-1980, iteknoloji yegumbi elicocekileyo laseTshayina lafumana inqanaba lophuhliso elinelanga. Kwinkqubo yophuhliso lweteknoloji yegumbi ecocekileyo yaseTshayina, amanqaku amaninzi kunye neempumelelo ezibalulekileyo phantse zonke zazalwa kweli nqanaba. Iimpawu zifikelele kwinqanaba lobugcisa lamazwe angaphandle kwiminyaka ye-1980. Ukusukela ekuqaleni koo-1990 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uqoqosho lwase-China luzinzile kwaye lukhula ngokukhawuleza, utyalo-mali lwamazwe ngamazwe luqhubekile lufakwa, kwaye iqela lamaqela ezizwe ngezizwe liye lakha ngokulandelelana iifektri ezininzi ze-microelectronics e-China. Ke ngoko, itekhnoloji yasekhaya kunye nabaphandi banamathuba amaninzi okunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo neengqikelelo zoyilo lwamagumbi acocekileyo akumgangatho ophezulu wangaphandle, kwaye baqonde izixhobo eziphambili zehlabathi kunye nezixhobo, ulawulo kunye nokugcinwa, njl.
Ngophuhliso lwesayensi kunye nobuchwepheshe, iinkampani zaseChina zamagumbi acocekileyo nazo ziphuhla ngokukhawuleza. Imigangatho yokuphila yabantu iyaqhubeka ukuphucuka, kwaye iimfuno zabo ngendawo yokuhlala kunye nomgangatho wobomi ziya zisiba phezulu ngokunyuka. Itekhnoloji yobunjineli begumbi elicocekileyo iye yahlengahlengiswa ngokuthe ngcembe ukucocwa komoya wendlu. Okwangoku, iiprojekthi zaseTshayina ezicocekileyo zegumbi azifanelekanga kuphela kwi-electronics, izixhobo zombane, amayeza, ukutya, uphando lwezenzululwazi kunye namanye amashishini, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba zisetyenziswe kumakhaya, iindawo zokuzonwabisa zoluntu, amaziko emfundo, njl. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo. yesayensi kunye netekhnoloji, iinkampani zobunjineli zamagumbi acocekileyo ziye zasasazeka ngokuthe ngcembe kumawaka emizi. Ubungakanani boshishino lwezixhobo zegumbi elicocekileyo lwasekhaya luye lwakhula mihla le, kwaye abantu baqale ukonwabela kancinci kancinci iziphumo zobunjineli begumbi elicocekileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-20-2023