Ukuzalwa kwegumbi elicocekileyo
Ukuvela nokuphuhliswa kwazo zonke iitekhnoloji ngenxa yeemfuno zemveliso. Itekhnoloji yegumbi elicocekileyo akukho njalo. Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II, i-Gyroscopes ethwala umoya iveliswe eUnited States kwi-Indiding yenqwelomoya kwakufuneka iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde iphinde ihlawulwe amaxesha ayi-120 ye-geroscopes nganye. Ngexesha leMfazwe yaseKorea iMfazwe yaseKorea yaseKorea e-1950s, ngaphezulu kwesigidi izinto ezenziwa kwi-elektroniki zathathelwa indawo yezixhobo zonxibelelwano ezili-160,000 eUnited States. Ukusilela kwe-radar yenzekile i-84% yexesha, kunye nokusilela kwe-SnomirmarMar Yenar yenzeka 48% yexesha. Isizathu kukuba izixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye nenxalenye zinokuthenjwa okugwenxa kunye nokungazithembi. Umkhosi kunye nabavelisi baphanda ngesizathu kwaye ekugqibeleni bamiselwe kwiinkalo ezininzi ezinxulumene nendawo yokuvelisa. Nangona kungekho nkcitho isusiwe kwaye kwathatyathwa amanyathelo afanelekileyo afanelekileyo ukuvala iworkshop yemveliso, iziphumo zazincinci. Ke le yayizelwe kwigumbi elicocekileyo!
Ukuphuculwa kwegumbi lokucoca
Inqanaba lokuqala: Kude kube sekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1950, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-HEPA, equlethwe ngempumelelo yiKhomishini yeMithombo ye-AAMOM ye-AOTOMIC ngo-1951 ukusombulula ingxaki yokufaka i-radimaction ebantwini, yasetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuhambisa Iindibano zocweyo zemveliso. Ukuphefumla komoya ngenene kwazala igumbi elicocekileyo kunye nentsingiselo yale mihla.
Inqanaba lesibini: Ngo-1961, i-Wiyor Shitfield, umphandi ophezulu kwiilebhu zesizwe zase-Sandia eUnited States, kwaye ngoku ebizwa ngokuba kukuhamba kuka-Lamalire. (Ukuhamba okungahambelaniyo) Ukucoca umbutho ocociweyo womoya kwaye usetyenziselwe iiprojekthi zokwenyani. Ukusukela ngoko, igumbi elicocekileyo lifikelele kwinqanaba lokucoceka ngokungazange kuboni.
Inqanaba lesithathu: Kwakuloo nyaka, umkhosi womoya wase-US waqulunqa kwaye wakhupha umgangatho wokuqala wegumbi lokucoca umhlaba ukuya kwi-00-00-25 yomoya " Ngenxa yesi siseko, uMgangatho we-US Federal Fed-STD-STD-209, owahlulahlula amagumbi acocekileyo abe ngamanqanaba amathathu, abhengezwe ngoDisemba ka-1963. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukusekwa i-prototype yetekhnoloji yegumbi elicocekileyo.
Ezi zinto ziphambili zintandathu ziphambili zihlala ziqhutywa ziimpawu ezintathu zembali yokuphuhliswa kwegumbi elicocekileyo.
Ebudeni bowe-1960s, amagumbi acocekileyo ayephuma kumacandelo awohlukeneyo eshishini eUnited States. Kwakungekho kuphela kwicandelo lezomkhosi, kodwa likwakhuthazelwe kwi-elektroniki, iiprinta, iifilimu ezincinci, amacandelo emidlalo yekhemikhali, amanye amacandelo ovavanyo, ukudlala indima enkulu ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso lwezenzululwazi, itekhnoloji kunye nemveliso Elo xesha. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, oku kulandelayo sisiseko esineenkcukacha kumazwe asekhaya nawasemakhaya.
Uthelekiso lophuhliso
Phesheya: Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1950, ukuze kusombulule ingxaki yokufaka uthuli lwe-radimaction olwenziweyo lomzimba, iKomishini ye-Atomic yase-US ngo-1950, eyaba sisiseko sokuqala Imbali yokuphuhliswa kwetekhnoloji ecocekileyo. Ngeminyaka yee-1960, amagumbi acocekileyo avela koomatshini bokuchaneka kwendlela kunye nezinye iifektri eUnited States. Kwangelo xesha, inkqubo yokutshintshela itekhnoloji yegumbi lokucoca amashishini acocekileyo kumagumbi acocekileyo acocekileyo. Ngo-1961, ukuhamba kwe-laminar (ukuhamba ngokungacacanga) kwazalwa igumbi elicocekileyo. Igumbi lokuqaphela leHlabathi liphela - amandla omoya e-US Aya kumiselwa iMfundiso yobugcisa ye-203. Ebutsheni beminyaka yee-1970, ugxininiso lolwakhiwo lwegumbi elicocekileyo lwaqala ukutshintsha kwizonyango, amayeza, ukutya kunye nemizi-mveliso ye-biochemical. Ukongeza kwi-United States, amanye amazwe aphambili afana neJapan, eJamani, i-United Kingdom, eFrance, eSwitzerland, eNetherland, enamayeza okuphuhlisa itekhnoloji ecocekileyo. Emva kwe-1980s, i-United States kunye neJapan yaqulunqa ngempumelelo iifilitha ezintsha ze-ultra-hepa ngethagethi ye-0.1 μ kunye nokuqokelelwa kwe-99.99%. Ekugqibeleni, amagumbi e-Ultra-Hepa ecocekileyo nge-10 yenqanaba le-10 kunye ne-0.1 StAm inqanaba loku-1 eyakhiwayo, nto leyo eyayikhupha itekhnoloji ecocekileyo ibe lixesha elitsha.
I-China: Ukususela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1960 ukuya ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1970, le minyaka ilishumi yayiqala kwaye iSiseko seTentral yeTekhnoloji yeBhola yaseTshayina. Malunga neminyaka elishumi kuphela kuneyelinye ilizwe. Yayilixesha elikhethekileyo nelinzima, noqoqosho olubuthathaka kwaye akukho nto inamandla. Phantsi kweemeko ezinzima kunye nokujikeleza oomatshini bokuchaneka, izixhobo zokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kunye nemizi-mveliso ye-elektroniki, abasebenzi baseTshayina baqalisa uhambo lwabo lweshishini. Ukusuka ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1970 ukuya ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1980s, itekhnoloji yegumbi lase China ecocekileyo inamava ali kwinqanaba elinelanga. Kwinkqubo yophuhliso ye-China ecocekileyo yegumbi elicocekileyo, uphawu oluninzi kunye nezinto ezibalulekileyo ezibalulekileyo zazalelwa kweli nqanaba. Izalathisi zifikelele kwinqanaba lobugcisa lamazwe angaphandle ngeminyaka yoo-1980. Ukusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1990 ukuya kuthi ga ngoku, uqoqosho lwaseChina luye lwagcina ukukhula kunye nokukhula ngokukhawuleza, utyalomali lwamazwe aphesheya luqhubekeke, kwaye amaqela amaninzi anempumelelo kwi-chinapelectrolics e-china. Ke ngoko, itekhnoloji yasekhaya kunye nabaphandi banamathuba amaninzi ukunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo iikhonsepthi zoyilo ezicocekileyo, kwaye baqonde izixhobo eziphezulu zehlabathi, kwaye ziqonde izixhobo, ulawulo kunye nolondolozo, njl.
Ngophuhliso lwesayensi kunye netekhnoloji, iinkampani zasendle zase China ezicocekileyo ziyakhula ngokukhawuleza. Imigangatho yokuphila yabantu iyaqhubeka nokuphucula, kwaye iimfuno zabo zokuhlala kunye nomgangatho wobomi baphakama kwaye bephezulu. Itekhnoloji yobunjineli yegumbi elicocekileyo ngokuthe ngcembe yalungiswa ekuhlanjululweni komoya ekhaya. Okwangoku, iiprojekthi zegumbi lase China ezicocekileyo azifanelekanga kuphela kwii-elektroniki, izixhobo zombane, amayeza, ukutya, ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kumakhaya, kunye namanye amashishini, amaziko emfundo, njl njl. Ngokuphuhliswa okuqhubekayo Inzululwazi netekhnoloji, iinkampani zobunjineli begumbi zicocekile ngokuthe ngcembe zasasazeka kumawaka amakhaya. Isikali secandelo lezixhobo zegumbi lasekhaya likukhule ngosuku, kwaye abantu sele beqalisile ngokuthe ngcembe beyonwabela imiphumo yobunjineli begumbi elicocekileyo.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: USep-20 ukuya ku-2023