Ekuhombiseni igumbi lokucoca amayeza le-GMP, inkqubo ye-HVAC yeyona nto iphambili. Kunokuthiwa ukuba ulawulo lokusingqongileyo lwegumbi lokucoca lunokuhlangabezana neemfuno ikakhulu kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo ye-HVAC. Inkqubo yokufudumala umoya kunye ne-air conditioning (HVAC) ikwabizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yokucoca umoya kwigumbi lokucoca amayeza le-GMP. Inkqubo ye-HVAC ikakhulu isebenza ngokucoca umoya ongena kwigumbi kwaye ilawula ubushushu bomoya, umswakama, amasuntswana axhonyiweyo, iintsholongwane, umahluko woxinzelelo kunye nezinye izalathisi zemeko-bume yemveliso yamayeza ukuqinisekisa ukuba iiparameter zemeko-bume ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zomgangatho wamayeza kwaye ziphephe ukwenzeka kongcoliseko lomoya kunye nongcoliseko olunqamlezileyo ngelixa zibonelela ngendawo ekhululekileyo kubaqhubi. Ukongeza, iinkqubo ze-HVAC zegumbi lokucoca amayeza zinokunciphisa kwaye zithintele iziphumo ezimbi zamayeza ebantwini ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso, kwaye zikhusele imeko-bume ejikelezileyo.
Uyilo olupheleleyo lwenkqubo yokucoca umoya opholileyo
Iyunithi iyonke yenkqubo yokucoca umoya opholileyo kunye nezinto zayo kufuneka yenziwe ngokweemfuno zokusingqongileyo. Le yunithi ibandakanya ikakhulu iindawo ezisebenzayo ezifana nokufudumeza, ukupholisa, ukufuma, ukususa ubumanzi, kunye nokuhluza. Ezinye izinto ziquka iifeni zokukhupha umoya, iifeni zomoya obuyayo, iinkqubo zokubuyisa amandla obushushu, njl. Akufuneki kubekho zinto ziwelayo kwisakhiwo sangaphakathi senkqubo ye-HVAC, kwaye izikhewu mazibe zincinci kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuthintela ukuqokelelana kothuli. Iinkqubo ze-HVAC kufuneka zibe lula ukuzicoca kwaye zimelane nokufuthwa kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane okufunekayo.
1. Uhlobo lwenkqubo ye-HVAC
Iinkqubo zokucoca umoya opholileyo zinokwahlulwa zibe ziinkqubo zomoya opholileyo ze-DC kunye neenkqubo zomoya opholileyo ophinda ujikelezwe. Inkqubo yomoya opholileyo ye-DC ithumela umoya ococekileyo ongaphandle onokuhlangabezana neemfuno zendawo kwigumbi, uze emva koko ukhuphe wonke umoya. Inkqubo isebenzisa wonke umoya ococekileyo wangaphandle. Inkqubo yomoya opholileyo ophinda ujikelezwe, oko kukuthi, unikezelo lomoya ococekileyo kwigumbi luxutywe nenxalenye yomoya ococekileyo wangaphandle ocociweyo kunye nenxalenye yomoya obuyayo ovela kwindawo ecocekileyo yegumbi. Ekubeni inkqubo yomoya opholileyo ophinda ujikelezwe ineengenelo zotyalo-mali oluphantsi lokuqala kunye neendleko zokusebenza eziphantsi, inkqubo yomoya opholileyo kufuneka isetyenziswe ngendlela efanelekileyo kuyilo lwenkqubo yomoya opholileyo. Umoya kwezinye iindawo ezikhethekileyo zemveliso awunakuphinda ujikelezwe, njengegumbi elicocekileyo (indawo) apho kukhutshwa khona uthuli ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso, kwaye ungcoliseko olunqamlezileyo alunakuphetshwa ukuba umoya wangaphakathi unyangwa; izinyibilikisi zendalo zisetyenziswa kwimveliso, kwaye ukuqokelelwa kwegesi kunokubangela ukuqhuma okanye imililo kunye neenkqubo eziyingozi; iindawo zokusebenza kwezifo; iindawo zemveliso yamayeza ane-radioactive; iinkqubo zemveliso ezivelisa inani elikhulu lezinto eziyingozi, amavumba okanye iigesi eziguquguqukayo ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso.
Indawo yokuvelisa amayeza idla ngokwahlulwa ibe ziindawo ezininzi ezinamanqanaba ahlukeneyo ococeko. Iindawo ezahlukeneyo ezicocekileyo kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngeeyunithi zokuphatha umoya ezizimeleyo. Inkqubo nganye yokupholisa umoya yahlulwe ngokwasemzimbeni ukuthintela ukungcoliswa okunqamlezileyo phakathi kweemveliso. Iiyunithi zokuphatha umoya ezizimeleyo zingasetyenziswa nakwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso okanye zahlukanise iindawo ezahlukeneyo ukuze zahlule izinto ezinobungozi ngokuhluza umoya ngokungqongqo kwaye zithintele ukungcoliswa okunqamlezileyo ngenkqubo yemibhobho yomoya, njengeendawo zemveliso, iindawo zemveliso ezincedisayo, iindawo zokugcina, iindawo zolawulo, njl. kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngeyunithi yokuphatha umoya eyahlukileyo. Kwiindawo zemveliso ezineenguqu ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza okanye amaxesha okusetyenziswa kunye nomahluko omkhulu kwiimfuno zolawulo lobushushu kunye nokufuma, iinkqubo zokupholisa umoya nazo kufuneka zimiselwe ngokwahlukeneyo.
2. Imisebenzi kunye neendlela zokulinganisa
(1). Ukufudumeza nokupholisa
Indawo yemveliso kufuneka ilungelelaniswe neemfuno zemveliso. Xa kungekho mfuneko ikhethekileyo yokuveliswa kwamayeza, uluhlu lobushushu lwamagumbi acocekileyo eClass C kunye neClass D lunokulawulwa kwi-18~26°C, kwaye uluhlu lobushushu lwamagumbi acocekileyo eClass A kunye neClass B lunokulawulwa kwi-20~24°C. Kwinkqubo yomoya opholileyo kwigumbi elicocekileyo, iikhoyili ezishushu nezibandayo ezineempiko zokudlulisa ubushushu, ukufudumeza ngombane otyhubhu, njl. zinokusetyenziselwa ukufudumeza nokupholisa umoya, kunye nokuphatha umoya kubushushu obufunekayo kwigumbi elicocekileyo. Xa umthamo womoya omtsha mkhulu, ukufudumeza umoya omtsha kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuthintela iikhoyili ezisezantsi ukuba zingabanda. Okanye sebenzisa izinyibilikisi ezishushu nezibandayo, ezinje ngamanzi ashushu nabandayo, umphunga ogcweleyo, i-ethylene glycol, iifriji ezahlukeneyo, njl. Xa umisela izinyibilikisi ezishushu nezibandayo, iimfuno zokufudumeza umoya okanye unyango lokuphola, iimfuno zococeko, umgangatho wemveliso, uqoqosho, njl. Yenza ukhetho ngokusekelwe kwixabiso kunye nezinye iimeko.
(2). Ukufuma kunye nokususa ubumanzi
Umswakama ohambelanayo wegumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka uhambelane neemfuno zemveliso yamayeza, kwaye imeko-bume yemveliso yamayeza kunye nentuthuzelo yabasebenzi kufuneka kuqinisekiswe. Xa kungekho mfuneko ikhethekileyo yemveliso yamayeza, umswakama ohambelanayo weendawo ezicocekileyo zeKlasi C kunye neKlasi D ulawulwa kwi-45% ukuya kwi-65%, kwaye umswakama ohambelanayo weendawo ezicocekileyo zeKlasi A kunye neKlasi B ulawulwa kwi-45% ukuya kwi-60%.
Iimveliso zomgubo ezicocekileyo okanye uninzi lwamalungiselelo aqinileyo afuna indawo yokuvelisa umswakama ophantsi. Ii-dehumidifiers kunye nee-post-coolers zinokuqwalaselwa ukuze zisuse umswakama. Ngenxa yotyalo-mali oluphezulu kunye neendleko zokusebenza, ubushushu be-dew point buhlala bufuneka bube ngaphantsi kwe-5°C. Indawo yokuvelisa enomswakama ophezulu inokugcinwa ngokusebenzisa umphunga wefektri, umphunga ococekileyo olungiselelwe ngamanzi acocekileyo, okanye nge-humidifier yomphunga. Xa igumbi elicocekileyo linemfuno yomswakama ofanelekileyo, umoya wangaphandle ehlotyeni kufuneka upholiswe yi-cooler uze ufudunyezwe ngobushushu yi-heater ukuze kulungiswe umswakama ofanelekileyo. Ukuba umbane oqinileyo wangaphakathi kufuneka ulawulwe, umswakama kufuneka uqwalaselwe kwiindawo ezibandayo okanye ezomileyo.
(3). Isihluzi
Inani lamasuntswana othuli kunye neentsholongwane emoyeni omtsha nasemoyeni obuyayo lingancitshiswa libe lincinci ngezihluzo kwinkqubo ye-HVAC, okuvumela indawo yemveliso ukuba ihlangabezane neemfuno eziqhelekileyo zococeko. Kwiinkqubo zokucoca umoya, ukuhluzwa komoya ngokubanzi kwahlulwe ngamabakala amathathu: ukuhluzwa kwangaphambili, ukuhluzwa okuphakathi kunye nokuhluzwa kwe-hepa. Inqanaba ngalinye lisebenzisa izihluzo zezinto ezahlukeneyo. Isihluzo sangaphambili sesona siphantsi kwaye sifakwe ekuqaleni kweyunithi yokuphatha umoya. Singabamba amasuntswana amakhulu emoyeni (ubukhulu bamasuntswana ngaphezu kwe-3 microns). Isihluzo esiphakathi sifumaneka ngezantsi kwesihluzo sangaphambili kwaye sifakwe embindini weyunithi yokuphatha umoya apho umoya obuyayo ungena khona. Sisetyenziselwa ukubamba amasuntswana amancinci (ubukhulu bamasuntswana ngaphezu kwe-0.3 microns). Isihluzo sokugqibela sikwicandelo lokukhupha leyunithi yokuphatha umoya, enokugcina umbhobho ucocekile kwaye yandise ubomi benkonzo yesihluzo sesiphelo.
Xa umgangatho wococeko lwegumbi uphezulu, kufakwa isihluzo se-hepa ngezantsi kokucoca kokugqibela njengesixhobo sokucoca isiphelo. Isixhobo sokucoca isiphelo sikwisiphelo seyunithi yesibambo somoya kwaye sifakwe eluphahleni okanye eludongeni lwegumbi. Singaqinisekisa ukubonelelwa komoya ococekileyo kwaye sisetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa okanye ukuthumela amasuntswana akhululwe kwigumbi elicocekileyo, njengegumbi elicocekileyo leKlasi B okanye imvelaphi yegumbi elicocekileyo leKlasi A kwiKlasi B.
(4) .Ulawulo loxinzelelo
Uninzi lwegumbi elicocekileyo ligcina uxinzelelo oluhle, ngelixa igumbi elingaphambili elikhokelela kweli gumbi licocekileyo ligcina uxinzelelo oluhle oluphantsi noluphantsi ngokulandelelanayo, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elisezantsi le-zero kwiindawo ezingalawulwayo (izakhiwo eziqhelekileyo). Umahluko woxinzelelo phakathi kweendawo ezicocekileyo kunye neendawo ezingacocekanga kunye naphakathi kweendawo ezicocekileyo zamanqanaba ahlukeneyo akufuneki ube ngaphantsi kwe-10 Pa. Xa kuyimfuneko, kufuneka kugcinwe i-gradients efanelekileyo yoxinzelelo phakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza (amagumbi okusebenzela) amanqanaba afanayo ococeko. Uxinzelelo oluhle olugcinwe kwigumbi elicocekileyo lunokufezekiswa ngomthamo wonikezelo lomoya omkhulu kunomthamo wokukhupha umoya. Ukutshintsha umthamo wonikezelo lomoya kunokulungisa umahluko woxinzelelo phakathi kwegumbi ngalinye. Imveliso yamayeza akhethekileyo, njengeziyobisi ze-penicillin, iindawo zokusebenza ezivelisa uthuli oluninzi kufuneka zigcine uxinzelelo olubi.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Disemba-19-2023