Ukuzalwa kwegumbi lokucoca
Ukuvela nophuhliso lwazo zonke iiteknoloji kungenxa yeemfuno zemveliso. Itekhnoloji yeCleanroom ayifani nayo. Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, i-United States yavelisa ii-gyroscopes ezibhabha emoyeni zokuhamba ngeenqwelo moya. Ngenxa yomgangatho ongaguqukiyo, zonke ii-gyroscopes ezili-10 kwafuneka ziphinde zisetyenzwe ngokomyinge wezihlandlo ezili-120. Ngexesha leMfazwe yaseKorea ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1950, i-United States yatshintsha izinto ze-elektroniki ezingaphezu kwesigidi kwizixhobo zonxibelelwano ze-elektroniki ezili-160,000. Iiradars zahluleka ngama-84% exesha kwaye ii-sonars zasemanzini zahluleka ngama-48% exesha. Isizathu kukuba ukuthembeka kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki kunye neenxalenye zazo kuphantsi kwaye umgangatho awuguquki. Amajoni kunye nabavelisi baphanda izizathu baza ekugqibeleni bafumanisa kwiinkalo ezininzi ukuba kwakunxulumene nendawo yemveliso engacocekanga. Nangona kwathathwa amanyathelo ahlukeneyo angqongqo ukuvala iworkshop yemveliso ngelo xesha, isiphumo sasincinci. Ngoko ke oku kukuzalwa kwe-cleanroom!
Uphuhliso lwegumbi lokucoca
Inqanaba lokuqala
Kwaba sekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1950 apho i-HEPA (iHigh Efficiency Particulate Air Filter) eyaphuhliswa yi-US Atomic Energy Commission ngo-1951 ukusombulula ingxaki yokubamba uthuli olunemisebe oluyingozi emzimbeni womntu yasetyenziswa ekuhluzeni umoya kwindawo yokusebenzela yemveliso, kwaye igumbi lokucoca lanamhlanje lazalwa ngokwenene.
Isigaba sesibini
Ngo-1961, uWillis Whitfield, umphandi ophezulu kwiSandia National Laboratories eMelika, wacebisa isicwangciso sombutho wokuhamba komoya ococekileyo, esasibizwa ngokuba yi-laminar flow, ngoku esibizwa ngokuba yi-unidirectional flow, waza wasisebenzisa kubunjineli bokwenyani. Ukususela ngoko, amagumbi acocekileyo afikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokucoceka elingazange libonwe ngaphambili.
Isigaba sesithathu
Kwangaloo nyaka, i-US Air Force yaqulunqa yaza yakhupha umgangatho wokuqala wegumbi lokucoca kwihlabathi i-TO-00-25--203 Air Force Directive "Imigangatho yoYilo kunye neMigangatho yeempawu zokusebenza zegumbi lokucoca kunye nokucocaB"Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-US Federal Standard FED-STD-209, eyahlula igumbi elicocekileyo libe ngamanqanaba amathathu, yabhengezwa ngoDisemba 1963. Okwangoku, iprototype yetekhnoloji epheleleyo yegumbi lokucoca iye yasekwa.
Ezi nkqubela ziphambili zintathu zingasentla zihlala zinconywa njengeziganeko ezibalulekileyo kwimbali yophuhliso lwamagumbi okucoca anamhlanje.
Phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1960, kwavela amagumbi okucoca kumacandelo ahlukeneyo emizi-mveliso eMelika. Ayisetyenziswa kuphela kwimizi-mveliso yasemkhosini, kodwa ikwakhuthazwa nakwizinto ze-elektroniki, ii-optics, ii-micro bearings, ii-micro motors, iifilimu ezibonisa ukukhanya, ii-reagents zeekhemikhali ezicocekileyo kakhulu kunye namanye amacandelo emizi-mveliso, nto leyo eyadlala indima enkulu ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso lwesayensi kunye netekhnoloji kunye nemizi-mveliso ngelo xesha. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, oku kulandelayo yintshayelelo eneenkcukacha ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
Uthelekiso loPhuhliso
Kwelinye ilizwe
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1950, i-US Atomic Energy Commission yazisa isihluzi somoya esisebenza kakuhle kakhulu (i-HEPA) ngo-1950 ukusombulula ingxaki yokubamba uthuli olunemisebe oluyingozi emzimbeni womntu, nto leyo eyaba sisiqalo sokuqala kwimbali yophuhliso lobuchwepheshe obucocekileyo.
Phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1960, amagumbi okucoca kwiifektri ezifana noomatshini bokuchaneka nge-elektroniki e-United States akhula njengeekhowa emva kwemvula, kwaye kwangaxeshanye kwaqala inkqubo yokutshala itekhnoloji yamagumbi okucoca kwimizi-mveliso ukuya kwiindawo zokucoca zebhayoloji. Ngo-1961, kwazalwa igumbi lokucoca elihamba ngesantya esiphezulu (ukuhamba okuhambayo okuhambayo). Umgangatho wokuqala wegumbi lokucoca kwihlabathi-i-US Air Force Technical Regulations 203 yasungulwa.
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1970, ingqwalasela yokwakhiwa kwamagumbi okucoca yaqala ukutshintshela kumashishini ezonyango, amayeza, ukutya kunye neekhemikhali. Ukongeza eMelika, amanye amazwe aphuhlileyo kwezoshishino, afana neJapan, iJamani, iBritane, iFransi, iSwitzerland, eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union, kunye neNetherlands, nawo aye agxininisa kakhulu kwitekhnoloji yamagumbi okucoca kwaye ayiphuhlisa ngamandla.
Emva kweminyaka yoo-1980, i-United States neJapan ziphumelele ekuphuhliseni izihluzi ezintsha ezisebenzayo kakhulu ezinento yokuhluza eyi-0.1μm kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokubamba kwe-99.99%. Ekugqibeleni, kwakhiwa amagumbi acocekileyo aphezulu kakhulu enqanaba le-0.1μm le-10 kunye nenqanaba loku-1 le-0.1μm, nto leyo eyazisa uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yegumbi lokucoca kwixesha elitsha.
Yasekhaya
Ukususela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1960 ukuya ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1970, le minyaka ilishumi yayiliqalo nesiseko sobuchwepheshe baseTshayina bokucoca amagumbi okuhlambela. Kwakusemva kweminyaka elishumi kunezinye iindawo. Yayilixesha elikhethekileyo nelinzima, elinoqoqosho olubuthathaka kwaye kungekho diplomacy namazwe anamandla. Phantsi kweemeko ezinzima ngolo hlobo, malunga neemfuno zoomatshini abachanekileyo, izixhobo zeenqwelo moya kunye namashishini e-elektroniki, abasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe baseTshayina bokucoca amagumbi okuhlambela baqala uhambo lwabo loshishino.
Ukususela ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1970 ukuya ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1980, ngeli xesha leminyaka, iteknoloji yegumbi lokucoca laseTshayina ifumene inqanaba lophuhliso eliqaqambileyo. Ekuphuhlisweni kweteknoloji yegumbi lokucoca laseTshayina, impumelelo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo nezibalulekileyo ziphantse zazalwa kweli nqanaba. Izalathisi zifikelele kwinqanaba lobuchwephesha lamazwe angaphandle ngeminyaka yoo-1980.
Ukususela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1990, uqoqosho lwaseTshayina luye lwagcina ukukhula okuzinzileyo nokukhawulezayo, kunye notyalo-mali oluqhubekayo lwamazwe ngamazwe, kwaye amaqela amaninzi ehlabathi aye akha iifektri ezininzi ze-microelectronics eTshayina ngokulandelelana. Ke ngoko, itekhnoloji yasekhaya kunye nabaphandi banamathuba amaninzi okunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo neengcamango zoyilo lwegumbi lokucoca langaphandle elikumgangatho ophezulu, ukuqonda izixhobo kunye nezixhobo eziphambili zehlabathi, ulawulo kunye nokugcinwa, njl.
Ngophuhliso lwesayensi netekhnoloji, amashishini aseTshayina amagumbi okucoca nawo aphuhlile ngokukhawuleza.
Njengoko imigangatho yokuphila yabantu iqhubeka iphucuka, iimfuno zabo zendalo esingqongileyo kunye nomgangatho wobomi ziya zisanda, kwayeigumbi lokucocaItekhnoloji yobunjineli iye yasetyenziswa kancinci kancinci ekucoceni umoya emakhaya. Okwangoku,iTshayina's igumbi lokucocaubunjineli abusebenzi nje kuphela kwizixhobo zombane, izixhobo zombane, amayeza, ukutya, uphando lwesayensi kunye namanye amashishini, kodwa bunokufudukela emakhaya, kwiindawo zokuzonwabisa zikawonke-wonke nakwezinye iindawo, kumaziko emfundo, njl. Uphuhliso oluqhubekayo lwesayensi kunye netekhnoloji luye lwakhuthaza kancinci kancinci.igumbi lokucocaiinkampani zobunjineli kumawaka emizi, kunye nobungakanani bemisebenzi yasekhaya.igumbi lokucocaushishino nalo lukhulile, kwaye abantu baqalile ukunandipha kancinci kancinci imiphumoigumbi lokucocaubunjineli.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-22-2024