UYILO LWEGUMBI ELICOCEKILEYO NOKUYILA

1. Uyilo lwegumbi lokucoca

Igumbi lokucoca ngokubanzi liqulathe iindawo ezintathu eziphambili: indawo ecocekileyo, indawo ecocekileyo kancinci, kunye nendawo encedisayo. Uyilo lwegumbi lokucoca lungacwangciswa ngeendlela ezilandelayo:

(1). Ipaseji ejikelezileyo: Ipaseji inokuba neefestile okanye ingabi nafestile kwaye isebenza njengendawo yokubukela kunye nendawo yokugcina izixhobo. Ezinye iipaseji zinokuba nokufudumeza kwangaphakathi. Iifestile zangaphandle kufuneka zifakwe iglasi kabini.

(2). Ikhorido engaphakathi: Igumbi lokucoca likwicala elijikeleze ummandla, ngelixa ikhorido ingaphakathi. Olu hlobo lwekhorido ngokubanzi lunenqanaba eliphezulu lococeko, nokuba lulingana nelokucoca.

(3). Ipaseji esuka ekupheleni ukuya ekupheleni: Igumbi lokucoca likwicala elinye, linamagumbi acocekileyo kancinci kunye namagumbi ancedisayo kwelinye.

(4). I-core corridor: Ukuze kongiwe indawo kwaye kufudwe imibhobho, i-cleanroom ingaba yi-core, ijikelezwe ngamagumbi ahlukeneyo ancedisayo kunye nemibhobho efihliweyo. Le ndlela ikhusela i-cleanroom kwimiphumo yemozulu yangaphandle, inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphola nokufudumeza, kwaye inegalelo ekugcinweni kwamandla.

2. Iindlela zokucoca ukungcola komntu ngamnye

Ukunciphisa ungcoliseko oluvela kwimisebenzi yabantu ngexesha lomsebenzi, abasebenzi kufuneka banxibe impahla yegumbi lokucoca baze bahlambe, bahlambe, baze babulale iintsholongwane ngaphambi kokuba bangene kwigumbi lokucoca. La manyathelo abizwa ngokuba yi-"hassen decontamination" yabasebenzi, okanye "personal decontamination." Igumbi lokutshintshela kwigumbi lokucoca kufuneka libe nomoya kwaye ligcine uxinzelelo oluhle xa kuthelekiswa namanye amagumbi, njengomnyango. Izindlu zangasese kunye neeshawa kufuneka zigcine uxinzelelo oluhle kancinci, ngelixa izindlu zangasese kunye neeshawa kufuneka zigcine uxinzelelo olubi.

3. Iindlela zokucoca izinto

Zonke izinto kufuneka zisuswe ngaphambi kokuba zingene kwigumbi lokucoca, okanye "ukususwa kwezinto." Indlela yokucoca izinto kufuneka yahlulwe kwindlela yokucoca. Ukuba izixhobo kunye nabasebenzi banokungena kwigumbi lokucoca besuka kwindawo enye, kufuneka bangene ngeengcango ezahlukeneyo, kwaye izixhobo kufuneka zisuswe kuqala. Kwizicelo ezinemigca yemveliso engacwangciswanga kakhulu, indawo yokugcina ephakathi ingafakwa ngaphakathi kwendlela yezinto. Kwimigca yemveliso ecwangcisiweyo ngakumbi, kufuneka kusetyenziswe indlela ethe tye yezinto, ngamanye amaxesha ifune ukususwa okuninzi kunye neendawo zokudlulisa izinto ngaphakathi kwendlela. Ngokuphathelele uyilo lwenkqubo, amanqanaba okucoca arhabaxa nacolekileyo egumbi lokucoca aya kutshaya amasuntswana amaninzi, ngoko ke indawo ecocekileyo kufuneka igcinwe kuxinzelelo olubi okanye uxinzelelo olungekhoyo. Ukuba umngcipheko wongcoliseko uphezulu, indlela yokungena kufuneka igcinwe kuxinzelelo olubi.

4. Ulungiselelo lwemibhobho

Iipayipi ezikwigumbi lokucoca elingenathuli ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngoko ke ezi payipi zicwangciswe ngendlela efihlakeleyo. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokucwangcisa ezifihliweyo.

(1). I-mezzanine yobugcisa

2. I-mezzanine yobuchwephesha ephezulu. Kule mezzanine, icandelo elinqamlezileyo lemibhobho yomoya ehambisa umoya kunye nebuyayo ngokubanzi lelona likhulu, ngoko ke yinto yokuqala ekufuneka iqwalaselwe kwi-mezzanine. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibekwe phezulu kwe-mezzanine, kwaye imibhobho yombane ibekwe ngaphantsi kwayo. Xa ipleyiti esezantsi yale mezzanine inokuthwala ubunzima obuthile, izihluzi kunye nezixhobo zokukhupha umoya zinokufakwa kuyo.

2. I-mezzanine yobugcisa yegumbi. Xa ithelekiswa ne-mezzanine ephezulu kuphela, le ndlela inokunciphisa iingcingo kunye nokuphakama kwe-mezzanine kwaye igcine indlela yobuchwepheshe efunekayo ukuze i-air duct ibuyele kwi-mezzanine ephezulu. Ukusasazwa kwezixhobo zamandla zefeni yomoya obuyayo nako kungenziwa kwindlela esezantsi. Indlela ephezulu yegumbi lokucoca elingenathuli kumgangatho othile inokusebenza njengendlela esezantsi yegumbi eliphezulu.

(2). Iipayipi ezithe tye ngaphakathi kwee-mezzanines eziphezulu nezisezantsi zee-aisles zobugcisa (iindonga) zihlala ziguqulwa zibe ziipayipi ezithe nkqo. Indawo efihliweyo apho ezi payipi zithe nkqo zihlala khona ibizwa ngokuba yi-aisles zobugcisa. Ii-aisles zobugcisa zinokugcina izixhobo ezincedisayo ezingafanelekanga kwigumbi lokucoca, kwaye zinokusebenza njengee-air ducts ezibuyayo ngokubanzi okanye iibhokisi zoxinzelelo ezingashukumiyo. Ezinye zinokuthwala nee-radiator zetyhubhu yokukhanya. Ekubeni olu hlobo lwee-aisles zobugcisa (iindonga) ludla ngokusebenzisa izahlulo ezikhaphukhaphu, zinokulungiswa ngokulula xa iinkqubo zilungiswa.

(3). Iishafti zobugcisa: Nangona ii-aisles zobugcisa (iindonga) zihlala zingaweli phantsi, xa zisenza njalo, zisetyenziswa njenge-shaft yobugcisa. Zihlala ziyinxalenye esisigxina yesakhiwo sesakhiwo. Ngenxa yokuba ii-shafti zobugcisa zidibanisa ii-aisles ezahlukeneyo, ukukhusela umlilo, emva kokufakwa kwemibhobho yangaphakathi, indawo ebiyelweyo phakathi komgangatho kufuneka ivalwe ngezinto ezinomlinganiselo wokumelana nomlilo ongaphantsi kowe-floor slab. Umsebenzi wokulungisa kufuneka wenziwe ngokwee-layers, kwaye iingcango zokuhlola kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngeengcango ezingatshiyo. Nokuba yi-mezzanine yobugcisa, i-aisle yobugcisa, okanye i-shaft yobugcisa isebenza ngqo njenge-air duct, umphezulu wayo wangaphakathi kufuneka uphathwe ngokuhambelana neemfuno ze-cleanroom interior surfaces.

(5). Indawo yegumbi lomatshini. Kungcono ukubeka igumbi lomatshini womoya opholileyo kufutshane negumbi lokucoca elingenathuli elifuna umthamo omkhulu womoya, kwaye uzame ukugcina umgca wepayipi yomoya umfutshane kangangoko. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze kuthintelwe ingxolo nokungcangcazela, igumbi lokucoca elingenathuli kunye negumbi lomatshini kufuneka zahlulwe. Zombini iinkalo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Iindlela zokwahlula ziquka:

1. Indlela yokwahlulahlula ulwakhiwo: (1) Indlela yokwahlulahlula amagumbi okuhlala. Indawo yokwahlulahlula idlula phakathi kwendawo yokusebenzela engenathuli kunye negumbi lomatshini ukuze isebenze njengendawo yokwahlulahlula. (2) Indlela yokwahlulahlula udonga. Ukuba igumbi lomatshini likufutshane nendawo yokusebenzela engenathuli, endaweni yokwabelana ngodonga, ngalinye linodonga lwalo lokwahlulahlula, kwaye kushiyeke ububanzi obuthile bomsantsa phakathi kweendonga ezimbini zokwahlulahlula. (3) Indlela yokwahlulahlula amagumbi ancedisayo. Igumbi elincedisayo limiselwa phakathi kwendawo yokusebenzela engenathuli kunye negumbi lomatshini ukuze lisebenze njenge-buffer.

2. Indlela yokuchitha: (1) Indlela yokuchitha eluphahleni okanye eluphahleni: Igumbi lomatshini lidla ngokubekwa eluphahleni oluphezulu ukuze lingabi kude nendawo yokusebenzela engenathuli engezantsi, kodwa umgangatho osezantsi wophahla kungcono ubekwe njengomgangatho wegumbi elincedisayo okanye lolawulo, okanye njenge-mezzanine yobugcisa. (2) Uhlobo olusasazwa ngaphantsi komhlaba: Igumbi lomatshini likwigumbi elingaphantsi komhlaba. (3). Indlela yokwakha ezimeleyo: Igumbi lomatshini elahlukileyo lakhiwe ngaphandle kwesakhiwo segumbi elicocekileyo, kodwa kungcono ukuba libe kufutshane kakhulu negumbi elicocekileyo. Igumbi lomatshini kufuneka liqwalasele ukuvalelwa kokungcangcazela kunye nokufakwa kwesandi. Umgangatho kufuneka ungangeni manzi kwaye ube namanyathelo okukhupha amanzi. Ukuvalelwa kokungcangcazela: Iibrakethi kunye neziseko zabalandeli bomthombo wokungcangcazela, iimoto, iimpompo zamanzi, njl. kufuneka ziphathwe ngonyango lokulwa nokungcangcazela. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, izixhobo kufuneka zifakwe kwi-slab yekhonkrithi, kwaye emva koko i-slab kufuneka ixhaswe zizinto ezilwa nokungcangcazela. Ubunzima be-slab kufuneka buphindwe kabini ukuya kathathu kunobunzima bezixhobo zizonke. Ukuthintela isandi: Ukongeza ekufakeni i-silencer kwinkqubo, amagumbi amakhulu oomatshini anokuqwalasela ukuncamathisela izinto ezineempawu ezithile zokufunxa isandi eludongeni. Iingcango ezithintela isandi kufuneka zifakelwe. Musa ukuvula iingcango eludongeni lokwahlulahlula olunendawo ecocekileyo.

5. Ukufuduka ngokukhuselekileyo

Ekubeni igumbi elicocekileyo lisakhiwo esivalekileyo kakhulu, ukukhutshwa kwalo ngokukhuselekileyo kuba yingxaki ebaluleke kakhulu nebalulekileyo, ekwanxulumene kakhulu nokufakelwa kwenkqubo yokucoca umoya. Ngokubanzi, la manqaku alandelayo kufuneka aqatshelwe:

(1). Indawo nganye engatshiyo okanye ecocekileyo kumgangatho wemveliso kufuneka ibe neendawo ezimbini zokuphuma ngexesha likaxakeka. Kuvumelekile ukuphuma ngexesha likaxakeka kube kanye kuphela ukuba indawo ingaphantsi kwama-50 square metres kwaye inani labasebenzi lingaphantsi kwesihlanu.

(2). Amasango okungena kwigumbi lokucoca akufuneki asetyenziswe njengeendawo zokuphuma. Ngenxa yokuba iindlela zamagumbi okucoca zihlala zijikeleza, kunokuba nzima kubasebenzi ukufikelela ngaphandle ngokukhawuleza ukuba umsi okanye umlilo utshisa loo ndawo.

(3). Amagumbi okuhlamba umoya akufuneki asetyenziswe njengeendlela zokufikelela ngokubanzi. Ezi ngcango zihlala zineminyango emibini edibeneyo okanye ezenzekelayo, kwaye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukuphuma. Ke ngoko, iingcango ezidlulayo zihlala zifakwa kumagumbi okuhlamba, kwaye zibalulekile ukuba kukho abasebenzi abangaphezu kwesihlanu. Ngokwesiqhelo, abasebenzi kufuneka baphume kwigumbi lokucoca ngomnyango odlulayo, hayi kwigumbi lokuhlamba umoya.

(4). Ukuze kugcinwe uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, iingcango zegumbi ngalinye lokucoca elingaphakathi kwigumbi lokucoca kufuneka zijonge kwigumbi ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Oku kuxhomekeke kuxinzelelo lokubamba ucango luvalwe, nto leyo ephikisana ngokucacileyo neemfuno zokuphuma ngokukhuselekileyo. Ukuze kuthathelwe ingqalelo iimfuno zococeko oluqhelekileyo kunye nokuphuma ngokungxamisekileyo, kucacisiwe ukuba iingcango eziphakathi kweendawo ezicocekileyo kunye neendawo ezingacocekanga, kunye neengcango eziphakathi kweendawo ezicocekileyo kunye nangaphandle kufuneka ziphathwe njengeengcango zokhuseleko lokuphuma, kwaye indlela yokuvula yazo yonke mayibe kwicala lokuphuma. Kakade ke, kuyafana nakwiingcango zokhuseleko olunye.