Injongo yokucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kukuqinisekisa ukuba igumbi lokucoca liyahlangabezana nenqanaba lococeko lwemicrobial elifunekayo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ke ngoko, ukucocwa kwegumbi lokucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane zizinto ezibalulekileyo zolawulo losulelo. Oku kulandelayo ngamanyathelo asibhozo aphambili abandakanyekayo ekucoceni nasekubulaleni iintsholongwane ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba "ucoceko" lwegumbi elicocekileyo.
1. Ukuqonda ngokufanelekileyo ukucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane
Ukucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane ziingcamango ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, ngamanye amaxesha ziyabhidaniswa. Ukucoca, ngokuyintloko, kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-detergents kwaye kufuneka kwenziwe ngaphambi kokubulawa kweentsholongwane. I-detergents icocekile imiphezulu, isusa umphezulu "oyile" (njengothuli kunye negrisi). Ukususa igrisi linyathelo elibalulekileyo phambi kokubulawa kweentsholongwane, njengoko okukhona i-oyile engaphezulu ihleli, kokukhona kuya kuncipha ukusebenza kokubulala iintsholongwane.
Ii-detergents ngokubanzi zingena kwi-oyile, zinciphisa amandla ayo omhlaba (ioli ibambelela phezulu) ukuphumeza ukususwa (ngokucacileyo, ii-detergents zandisa amandla okucoca amanzi).
Ukubulala iintsholongwane kubandakanya ukuvala inzala ngemichiza, enokubulala inani elikhulu leentsholongwane zezityalo (ezinye izibulali-ntsholongwane zikwayi-sporicides).
2. Ukukhetha ezona zicoci zifanelekileyo nezibulala iintsholongwane
Kubalulekile ukukhetha ezona zicoci zifanelekileyo nezibulala iintsholongwane. Abaphathi bezindlu zokucoca kufuneka baqinisekise ukusebenza kwee-agent zokucoca kunye ne-disinfectants kwaye bakhethe ii-agent zokucoca ezifanelekileyo kunye ne-disinfectants kuhlobo ngalunye lwegumbi lokucoca. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ezinye ii-agent zokucoca kunye nezibulali-ntsholongwane azinakuxutywa.
Xa ukhetha i-arhente yokucoca, amanqaku alandelayo abalulekile:
a) I-arhente yokucoca kufuneka ingathathi hlangothi kwaye ingabi i-ionic.
b) I-arhente yokucoca kufuneka ingabi namagwebu.
c) I-ejenti yokucoca kufuneka ihambelane nesibulali-ntsholongwane (okt, i-arhente yokucoca intsalela mayingaphazamisi ukusebenza kwesibulali-ntsholongwane).
Xa ukhetha isibulali-ntsholongwane, la manqaku alandelayo kufuneka aqwalaselwe:
a) Ukuhlangabezana nemigaqo ye-GMP, iintsholongwane ezimbini kufuneka zijikelezwe. Nangona amagunya alawulayo efuna ukusetyenziswa kwezibulala-ntsholongwane ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, ngokwesayensi, oku akuyomfuneko. Ukujongana noku, ii-disinfectants ezimbini ezisebenzayo ezahlukeneyo kufuneka zikhethwe. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhethe isibulali-ntsholongwane esinye esibulala iintsholongwane zebhaktiriya.
b) Isibulali ntsholongwane kufuneka sibe nomsebenzi omninzi, okuthetha ukuba sibulala ngempumelelo uluhlu olubanzi lweentlobo zezityalo zemicrobial, kuqukwa zombini iibhaktiriya ezi-gram-negative kunye negram-positive.
c) Ngokunqwenelekayo, isibulali-ntsholongwane kufuneka sisebenze ngokukhawuleza. Isantya sokubulala iintsholongwane sixhomekeke kwixesha loqhagamshelwano elifunekayo ukuze isibulali-ntsholongwane sibulale iintsholongwane. Eli xesha lokudibana bubude bexesha apho umphezulu wokubulala iintsholongwane kufuneka uhlale umanzi.
d) Iintsalela zezinto eziphilayo kunye neentsalela zezicoci kufuneka zingachaphazeli ukusebenza kwesibulali-ntsholongwane.
e) Kumagumbi acocekileyo akumgangatho ophezulu (umzekelo, i-ISO 14644 yoKlasi 5 kunye no-7), izibulali ntsholongwane kufuneka zingabi ntsholongwane okanye zicociwe ngabasebenzi bamagumbi acocekileyo.
f) Isibulali-ntsholongwane kufuneka silungele ukusetyenziswa kwiqondo lobushushu lokusebenza kwigumbi lokucoca. Ukuba igumbi lokucoca ligumbi elifakwe efrijini, isibulali-ntsholongwane kufuneka siqinisekiswe ukuba siyasebenza kuloo bushushu.
g) Isibulali-ntsholongwane akufuneki sisonakalise izinto ezibulawayo. Ukuba kunokwenzeka umonakalo, amanyathelo kufuneka athathwe ukuwuthintela. Uninzi lwezibulala-ntsholongwane ezibulala iintsholongwane zebhaktiriya zineklorini, enokonakalisa izinto ezifana nentsimbi engenasici ukuba intsalela ayisuswanga kwangoko emva kokusetyenziswa.
h) Isibulali-ntsholongwane kufuneka singabi nabungozi kubasebenzi kwaye sithobele imimiselo yezempilo nokhuseleko lwasekuhlaleni.
i) Isibulali ntsholongwane kufuneka sibe noqoqosho, kube lula ukuhlanjululwa, kwaye sifumaneke kwizikhongozeli ezifanelekileyo, ezifana neebhotile zokutshiza eziphathwa ngesandla. 3. Ukuqonda iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezibulali ntsholongwane
Izibulali-ntsholongwane ziza kwiindidi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, ezifanelekileyo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubulala iintsholongwane kwaye zibonisa amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okusebenza ngokuchasene ne-microorganisms. I-Disinfectants inokusebenza kwiiseli ze-microbial ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ngokujolisa udonga lweseli, i-cytoplasmic membrane (apho i-phospholipids kunye ne-enzymes zibonelela ngeethagethi ezahlukeneyo zokugaya), okanye i-cytoplasm. Ukuwuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezi ntlobo zezibulali-ntsholongwane kubaluleke kakhulu xa ukhetha phakathi kokubulala intsholongwane kwentsholongwane kunye nezingabulali iintsholongwane (ukwahlula phakathi kweekhemikhali ezingezizo i-oxidizing kunye ne-oxidizing).
Izibulali-ntsholongwane ezingezizo i-oxidizing ziquka ii-alcohols, i-aldehydes, i-amphoteric surfactants, i-biguanides, i-phenols, kunye neekhompawundi ze-quaternary ammonium. I-oxidizing disinfectants ziquka i-halogens kunye ne-oxidizing agents ezifana ne-peracetic acid kunye ne-chlorine dioxide.
4. Ukuqinisekisa izibulali-ntsholongwane
Ukuqinisekiswa kubandakanya uvavanyo lwaselabhoratri kusetyenziswa nokuba yi-AOAC (yaseMelika) okanye imigangatho yaseYurophu. Olunye uvavanyo lunokwenziwa ngumenzi wokubulala iintsholongwane, ngelixa olunye kufuneka lwenziwe ngaphakathi. Ukuqinisekiswa kokubulala iintsholongwane kubandakanya uvavanyo locelomngeni, olubandakanya ukuvavanya izisombululo zesibulala-ntsholongwane zoxinzelelo olwahlukeneyo (njengokumiswa), uvavanyo lwemigangatho eyahlukeneyo, kunye nokuvavanya ukusebenza kokubulawa kweentsholongwane kwiintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya iintsholongwane ezibekwe zodwa ngaphakathi kwiziko.
5. Izinto ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwesibulali-ntsholongwane
Enyanisweni, izinto ezininzi zinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwee-disinfectants. Ukuqonda ezi zinto kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni impumelelo yemisebenzi yokubulala iintsholongwane. Izinto eziphembelela ukusebenza kwesibulali-ntsholongwane ziquka:
a) Ugxininiso: Lukhetho lokugxila oluqinisekisa iqondo eliphezulu lokubulala i-microbial. Ingcinga yokuba ugxininiso oluphezulu lwesibulala-ntsholongwane lubulala iintsholongwane ezininzi yintsomi, njengoko izibulali-ntsholongwane zisebenza kuphela kwindawo efanelekileyo.
b) Ubude bexesha: Ubude bexesha lokufakwa kwesibulali-ntsholongwane bubalulekile. Ixesha elaneleyo liyafuneka ukuze isibulali-ntsholongwane sibophe iintsholongwane, singene kwiindonga zeeseli, kwaye sifikelele kwindawo ekujoliswe kuyo.
c) Inani kunye nodidi lwe-microorganisms. Izibulali-ntsholongwane azisebenzi kangako kwiintlobo ezithile zezityalo ze-microbial. Umzekelo, ukuba iqela elikhulu le-microbial spores ezizimeleyo ziyadibanisa, izibulala-ntsholongwane ezingenamandla okubulala iintsholongwane zebhaktiriya aziyi kusebenza. d) Iqondo lobushushu kunye ne-pH: Isibulali-ntsholongwane ngasinye sine-pH efanelekileyo kunye noluhlu lobushushu ukuze lusebenze ngokugqibeleleyo. Ukuba iqondo lobushushu kunye ne-pH zingaphandle kolu luhlu, ukusebenza kwesibulala-ntsholongwane kuya kuba sesichengeni.
6. Izinto zokucoca
Izinto ezisetyenziselwa ukubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokucoca kufuneka zifaneleke kwaye zikwazi ukusebenzisa ngokulinganayo umaleko omncinci we-detergent kunye ne-disinfectant nganye. Izicoci kunye nezibulali ntsholongwane ezisetyenziswa kwimigangatho, umphezulu wezixhobo, nakwiindonga kwiindawo zemveliso ezingeyontsholongwane kufuneka ziqinisekiswe kwigumbi elicocekileyo kwaye zingabinamasuntswana (umz., amalaphu angalukwanga, uboya obungenantambo).
7. Iindlela zokucoca
Ukucoca kunye neendlela zokubulala iintsholongwane zibalulekile. Ukuba ii-detergents kunye ne-disinfectants azisetyenziswanga ngokuchanekileyo, aziyi kucoca ngokufanelekileyo iindawo. Izibulali-ntsholongwane azikwazi kungena kumhlaba onamafutha, nto leyo ekhokelela kumanqanaba aphezulu okungcoliseka kweentsholongwane ngaphakathi kwiziko. Iinkqubo ezichaziweyo zokucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kufuneka zibekho, ezifana nezi:
Tshayela uthuli nobutyobo (ukuba kufanelekile); Sula ngesisombululo se-detergent ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-detergent yomile; Sula ngesisombululo sokubulala iintsholongwane ukugcina imiphezulu yoqhagamshelwano ifumile kwaye ugcine ixesha lokudibana; Sula ngamanzi okuhlamba okanye i-70% IPA (isopropyl alcohol) ukususa nayiphi na intsalela yesibulala-zintsholongwane.
8. Ukubeka iliso kwimpumelelo yokucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane
Ukusebenza kokucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kuhlolwa kuqala ngeziphumo zokubeka iliso kumagumbi acocekileyo. Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ngesampulu yemigangatho ye-microorganisms usebenzisa iipleyiti zokuchukumisa kunye ne-swabs. Ukuba iziphumo azikho kwimida yezenzo ezichaziweyo okanye imigangatho yolawulo lwangaphakathi lwenkampani, kunokubakho imiba kunye ne-arhente yokucoca kunye ne-disinfection, ukuphindaphinda kokucoca, okanye indlela yokucoca. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukuba iziphumo zihambelana nemigangatho, abaphathi begumbi lokucoca banokutsho ngokuzithemba ukuba igumbi lokucoca "licocekile".
Isishwankathelo
Oku kungasentla kudwelisa amanyathelo asibhozo okugcina ukucoceka kwegumbi kusetyenziswa ii-arhente zokucoca nezibulala iintsholongwane. Kucetyiswa ukuba la manyathelo adityaniswe kwiinkqubo zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni (ii-SOPs) kwaye uqeqesho lunikezelwe kubasebenzi kunye nabasebenzi bolawulo. Emva kokuba isibonelelo siqinisekisiwe kwaye siphantsi kolawulo, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukusebenzisa iindlela ezichanekileyo okanye ubuchule, ii-arhente zokucoca ezifanelekileyo kunye nezibulali ntsholongwane, kunye nokucoca kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane ngokuqhubekayo kwizithuba ezimiselweyo. Ngale ndlela, igumbi lokucoca linokuhlala licocekile.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-13-2025