IS0 14644-5 ifuna ukuba ukufakwa kwezixhobo ezizinzileyo kumagumbi acocekileyo kusekelwe kuyilo kunye nomsebenzi wegumbi elicocekileyo. Iinkcukacha ezilandelayo ziya kwaziswa ngezantsi.
1. Indlela yokufaka izixhobo: Eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo kukuvala igumbi elicocekileyo ngexesha lokufakwa kwezixhobo, kwaye ube nomnyango onokufikelela kwikona yokujonga yezixhobo okanye ubeke umjelo ebhodini ukuvumela izixhobo ezintsha ukuba zidlule kwaye zingene kwigumbi elicocekileyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba igumbi elicocekileyo elikufutshane nexesha lokufakelwa lingangcoliswa, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okukhusela ukuqinisekisa ukuba igumbi elicocekileyo lisahlangabezana neemfuno zalo zococeko kunye nomsebenzi olandelayo ofunekayo.
2. Ukuba umsebenzi kwigumbi elicocekileyo awunakuyekiswa ngexesha ngalinye lokufakelwa, okanye ukuba kukho izakhiwo ezifuna ukudilizwa, igumbi elicocekileyo elisebenzayo kufuneka lihlukaniswe ngokufanelekileyo kwindawo yokusebenza: iindonga okanye izahlulo zexeshana zingasetyenziswa. Ukuze kungathintelwa umsebenzi wokufakelwa, kufuneka kubekho indawo eyaneleyo ejikeleze izixhobo. Ukuba iimeko ziyavuma, ukufikelela kwindawo yokuzahlula kunokuba ngokusebenzisa imijelo yenkonzo okanye ezinye iindawo ezingezizo ezibalulekileyo: ukuba oku akunakwenzeka, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okunciphisa impembelelo yongcoliseko olubangelwa ngumsebenzi wokufakelwa. Indawo yokuzahlula kufuneka igcine uxinzelelo olulinganayo okanye uxinzelelo olubi. Umoya ococekileyo kufuneka unqunyulwe kwindawo ephakamileyo ukuze kuthintelwe uxinzelelo oluhle kumagumbi acocekileyo angqongileyo. Ukuba ukufikelela kwindawo yokuzahlula kudlula kwigumbi elicocekileyo elikufutshane kuphela, kufuneka kusetyenziswe ii-sticky pads ukususa ukungcola kwizihlangu.
3. Emva kokungena kwindawo ephakamileyo, izihlangu ezilahlwayo okanye izihlangu ezingaphezulu kunye neempahla zokusebenza ezineqhekeza elinye zingasetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukungcolisa iimpahla ezicocekileyo. Ezi zinto zilahlwayo kufuneka zisuswe ngaphambi kokuba ziphume kwindawo yokuvalelwa. Iindlela zokujonga indawo ejikeleze indawo yokuvalelwa ngexesha lenkqubo yokufakela izixhobo kufuneka ziphuhliswe kwaye kufuneka kumiselwe amaxesha okujonga ukuqinisekisa ukuba naluphi na ungcoliseko olunokuvuza kwigumbi elicocekileyo elikufutshane lufunyenwe. Emva kokuba amanyathelo okuvalelwa emiselwe, izibonelelo ezahlukeneyo zenkonzo karhulumente ezifunekayo, ezifana nombane, amanzi, igesi, i-vacuum, umoya ocinezelweyo kunye nemibhobho yamanzi amdaka, zinokumiselwa. Ingqwalasela kufuneka inikwe ekulawuleni nasekuhlukaniseni umsi kunye nenkunkuma eveliswa ngumsebenzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze kuthintelwe ukusasazeka ngengozi kwigumbi elicocekileyo elijikelezileyo. Kufuneka kwakhona kube lula ukucoca ngempumelelo ngaphambi kokususa umqobo wokuvalelwa. Emva kokuba izibonelelo zenkonzo karhulumente zihlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa, yonke indawo yokuvalelwa kufuneka icocwe kwaye isuswe ungcoliseko ngokweenkqubo zokucoca ezimiselweyo. Zonke iindawo, kubandakanya zonke iindonga, izixhobo (ezilungisiweyo nezishukumayo) kunye nemigangatho, kufuneka zicocwe nge-vacuum, zisulwe kwaye zicocwe, kugxilwe kakhulu kwiindawo zokucoca ezingasemva kwabagcini bezixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezingaphantsi kwezixhobo.
4. Uvavanyo lokuqala lokusebenza kwezixhobo lunokwenziwa ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zokwenyani zegumbi elicocekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezifakiweyo, kodwa uvavanyo lokwamkelwa olulandelayo kufuneka lwenziwe xa iimeko zokusingqongileyo ezicocekileyo zifezekisiwe ngokupheleleyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko kwindawo yokufakela, ungaqala ukuqhaqha ngononophelo udonga lokwahlukanisa; ukuba umoya ococekileyo ucinyiwe, uqalise kwakhona; ixesha lale nqanaba lomsebenzi kufuneka likhethwe ngononophelo ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi oqhelekileyo wegumbi elicocekileyo. Ngeli xesha, kunokufuneka ulinganise ukuba uxinzelelo lwee-particles zomoya luyahlangabezana na neemfuno ezichaziweyo.
5. Ukucoca nokulungisa ingaphakathi lezixhobo kunye neegumbi eziphambili zenkqubo kufuneka kwenziwe phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zegumbi elicocekileyo. Zonke iigumbi zangaphakathi kunye nazo zonke iindawo ezidibana nemveliso okanye ezibandakanyeka ekuthuthweni kwemveliso kufuneka zicinywe ukuya kwinqanaba elifunekayo lococeko. Ulandelelwano lokucoca lwezixhobo kufuneka lube ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi. Ukuba iinqununu zisasazekile, iinqununu ezinkulu ziya kuwa ezantsi kwezixhobo okanye emhlabeni ngenxa yomxhuzulane. Coca umphezulu wangaphandle wezixhobo ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi. Xa kuyimfuneko, ukufunyanwa kweenqununu zomphezulu kufuneka kwenziwe kwiindawo apho iimfuno zemveliso okanye inkqubo yemveliso zibaluleke kakhulu.
6. Ngenxa yeempawu zamagumbi acocekileyo, ingakumbi indawo enkulu, utyalo-mali oluphezulu, imveliso ephezulu kunye neemfuno ezingqongqo zococeko lwamagumbi acocekileyo akumgangatho ophezulu, ukufakwa kwezixhobo zenkqubo yokuvelisa kolu hlobo lwefektri ecocekileyo kufana kakhulu nokwamagumbi acocekileyo aqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yoku, umgangatho wesizwe othi "iKhowudi yoKwakhiwa kweFektri ecocekileyo kunye noKwamkelwa koMgangatho" owakhutshwa ngo-2015 wenze amalungiselelo athile okufakelwa kwezixhobo zenkqubo yokuvelisa kwiifektri ezicocekileyo, ikakhulu kubandakanya oku kulandelayo.
1. Ukuze kuthintelwe ungcoliseko okanye umonakalo kwigumbi elicocekileyo elamkelwe "lingenanto" ngexesha lenkqubo yokufaka izixhobo zenkqubo yokuvelisa, inkqubo yokufaka izixhobo akufuneki ibe nokungcangcazela okanye ukuthambeka okugqithisileyo, kwaye akufuneki yahlulwe kwaye ingcolise umphezulu wezixhobo.
2. Ukuze ukufakwa kwezixhobo zenkqubo yokuvelisa kwigumbi elicocekileyo kube sesikweni kwaye kungabikho okanye kungabikho zihlalo zininzi, kwaye kulandelwe inkqubo yolawulo lokuvelisa ecocekileyo kwindawo yokusebenzela ecocekileyo, qinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokufakela izixhobo zemveliso ikhuselekile ngokweemveliso ezahlukeneyo ezigqityiweyo kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo ezisele zigqityiweyo ezamkelweyo "kwimeko engenanto", izixhobo, oomatshini, njl.njl. ekufuneka zisetyenziswe kwinkqubo yokufakela akufuneki zikhuphe okanye zivelise (kubandakanya nokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwegumbi elicocekileyo ixesha elide) ukungcola okuyingozi kwiimveliso ezivelisiweyo. Izixhobo ezicocekileyo ezingenaluthuli, ezingenamhlwa, ezingenamafutha kwaye ezingavelisi uthuli ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kufuneka zisetyenziswe.
4. Umphezulu womhombiso wesakhiwo segumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka ukhuselwe ngeepleyiti ezicocekileyo, ezingenathuli, iifilimu kunye nezinye izinto; ipleyiti yokuxhasa izixhobo kufuneka yenziwe ngokweemfuno zoyilo okanye uxwebhu lobuchwephesha bezixhobo. Ukuba akukho mfuneko, iipleyiti zentsimbi engatyiwayo okanye iipleyiti zeplastiki kufuneka zisetyenziswe. Iiprofayili zentsimbi yekhabhoni ezisetyenziselwa iziseko ezizimeleyo kunye nokuqinisa umgangatho kufuneka ziphathwe nge-anti-corrosion, kwaye umphezulu kufuneka ube tyaba kwaye uthambe; izinto zokutywina ezithambileyo ezisetyenziselwa ukugquma.
④. Izinto kufuneka ziphawulwe ngezithako, iintlobo ngeentlobo, umhla wokwenziwa, ixesha lokugcina, imiyalelo yendlela yokwakha kunye neziqinisekiso zokufaneleka kwemveliso. Oomatshini kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kumagumbi acocekileyo akufuneki zifuduselwe kumagumbi angacocekanga ukuze zisetyenziswe. Oomatshini kunye nezixhobo akufuneki zifuduselwe kwigumbi elicocekileyo ukuze zisetyenziswe. Oomatshini kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwindawo ecocekileyo kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba iindawo ezibonakalayo zomatshini azivelisi uthuli okanye zithathe amanyathelo okuthintela uthuli ekungcoliseni okusingqongileyo. Oomatshini kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kufuneka zicocwe kwindawo yomoya ngaphambi kokuba zifuduselwe kwindawo ecocekileyo. , kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno zokuba zingenaoyile, zingenangcola, zingenaluthuli, kwaye zingenamhlwa, kwaye kufuneka zifuduswe emva kokudlula kuhlolo kunye nokuncamathisela uphawu "olucocekileyo" okanye "olucocekileyo kuphela".
4. Izixhobo zenkqubo yokuvelisa kwigumbi elicocekileyo kufuneka zifakwe "kwimigangatho ethile" efana nemigangatho ephakanyisiweyo. Isiseko sesixhobo kufuneka sibekwe kumgangatho ophantsi we-mezzanine yobugcisa okanye kwipleyiti enemingxuma yesamente; imisebenzi ekufuneka isuswe ukuze kufakwe isiseko. Ulwakhiwo lomgangatho emva kokusikwa ngesarha yombane ephathwa ngesandla kufuneka luqiniswe, kwaye umthamo wawo wokuthwala umthwalo akufuneki ube ngaphantsi komthamo wokuqala wokuthwala umthwalo. Xa kusetyenziswa isiseko esizimeleyo sesakhiwo sesakhelo sesinyithi, kufuneka senziwe ngezinto ezigayiweyo okanye intsimbi engagqwaliyo, kwaye umphezulu ovezweyo kufuneka ube tyaba kwaye uthambe.
4. Xa inkqubo yokufakela izixhobo zenkqubo yokuvelisa kwigumbi elicocekileyo ifuna imingxuma evulekileyo kwiiphaneli zodonga, iisilingi ezixhonyiweyo kunye neemigangatho ephakanyisiweyo, imisebenzi yokubhola akufuneki yahlule okanye ingcolise umphezulu weephaneli zodonga kunye neephaneli zodonga ezixhonyiweyo ekufuneka zigcinwe. Emva kokuvulwa komgangatho ophakanyisiweyo xa isiseko singenakufakwa ngexesha, kufuneka kufakwe ii-guardrails zokhuseleko kunye neempawu zengozi; emva kokufakwa kwezixhobo zemveliso, umsantsa ojikeleze umngxuma kufuneka uvalwe, kwaye izixhobo kunye nezixhobo zokuvala kufuneka zibe kufutshane, kwaye unxibelelwano phakathi kwecandelo lokuvala kunye nepleyiti yodonga kufuneka lube lukhuni kwaye luqine; umphezulu wokuvala kwelinye icala legumbi lokusebenzela kufuneka ube tyaba kwaye uthambe.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Sep-06-2023