Intshayelelo
Njengenkxaso ebalulekileyo kwimveliso ephucukileyo, amagumbi acocekileyo abone ukukhula okubalulekileyo kokubaluleka kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Ngenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji kunye nemfuno ekhulayo yentengiso, ulwakhiwo lobunjineli begumbi elicocekileyo kunye neenkonzo ezixhasayo zizuze umtsi osemgangathweni kuzo zombini isikali kunye nobuchule.
Njengesebe eliya lixatyiswa ngokwandayo lolwakhiwo lobunjineli, ubunjineli begumbi lokucoca abuchaphazeli nje kuphela imiba engundoqo njengolawulo lomgangatho wemveliso kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kodwa bukwachaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuphiswano lweshishini kunye nophuhliso olusempilweni noluzinzileyo lwekhonkco loshishino lonke. Ngenxa yoko, abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo kumanqanaba kazwelonke nawengingqi, kunye namaziko ahlukeneyo otyalo-mali kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba kwishishini, bonke babonise ingqalelo kunye nenkxaso ebalulekileyo kweli candelo lemarike.
Eli nqaku lijolise ekuboniseni ngokubanzi ubume bangoku kunye neentsingiselo zophuhliso lweenkampani zokwakha izindlu zobunjineli ezicocekileyo ngohlalutyo lwamanani eenkampani ezinolwazi lobhaliso lwamashishini kunye norhwebo lubandakanya amagama athi "ubunjineli begumbi lokucoca" okanye "ubunjineli bokucoca" (emva koku ngokudibeneyo kubhekiselwa kuyo njenge "ubunjineli bokucoca"), ebonelela ngombono obanzi.
Ekupheleni kukaNovemba ka-2024, iinkampani ezilolu hlobo ziyi-9,220 zizonke zibandakanyiwe kwilizwe lonke, apho ezingama-7,016 bezisebenza njengesiqhelo kwaye eziyi-2,417 ziye zacinywa. Okuqaphelekayo, ukusukela ngo-2010, inani leenkampani ezisanda kusekwa zobunjineli begumbi lokucoca libonise umkhwa wokunyuka okuthe gqolo: ekuqaleni, malunga nama-200 eenkampani ezintsha zongezwa ngonyaka, zinyuka ukuya kuma-800-900 kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngesantya esiphakathi sokukhula esidlula i-10%.
Ngo-2024, izinga lokukhula kwemarike yomzi-mveliso wobunjineli ococekileyo wehla kakhulu. Ngokweenkcukacha-manani, inani leenkampani ezisanda kusekwa ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuNovemba lalingama-612, ukuhla kwe-37% ukusuka kwi-973 ngexesha elifanayo lika-2023. Nangona kunjalo, kuyaphawuleka ukuba nangona kukho imingeni, umlinganiselo weenkampani ezisanda kusekwa enyakeni uhleli ungaphezulu kwe-9%, udlula umndilili wokukhula kweshishini lokwenziwa kwemveliso lilonke.
Ngokwembono yejografi, ingingqi yengingqi yeenkampani zobunjineli ezisebenza kwigumbi lokucoca iphezulu kakhulu, inomahluko omkhulu phakathi kwemimandla ehamba phambili. Amaphondo amahlanu adibeneyo eJiangsu, eShandong, eHenan, eAnhui naseZhejiang enza amaziko aphambili kushishino, elandelwa ngokusondeleyo liPhondo laseGuangdong. Lo mzekelo awufani nokusasazwa kweeprojekthi ezintsha. Umzekelo, amaphondo afana neZhejiang kunye ne-Hebei aqhayisa ngeeprojekthi ezininzi zobunjineli zamagumbi acocekileyo, ukanti inani labo leenkampani zasekhaya zobunjineli ezicocekileyo alikho phezulu.
Ukufumana ukuqonda okunzulu kwamandla ephondo ngalinye kwishishini lobunjineli elicocekileyo kunye negumbi lokucoca, eli nqaku lisebenzisa imali eyinkunzi ehlawulwayo njengemetriki, iinkampani zokwahlulahlula ngenkunzi ehlawulwayo edlula i-RMB 5 yezigidi njengeenkokeli kwicandelo. Ngokwembono yejografi, oku kuhlulahlulwa kuqaqambisa ngakumbi iyantlukwano yengingqi: iJiangsu kunye neGuangdong amaphondo abalasele ngenxa yokomelela kwezoqoqosho. Ngokwahlukileyo, ngelixa i-Shandong, i-Henan, kunye ne-Anhui iphondo liqhayisa inani elikhulu leenkampani, azikho ngaphezu kwamanye amaphondo ngokubhekiselele kwinani leenkampani eziphezulu, zigcina inani elifanayo leenkampani eziphezulu.
Ukuphonononga izinga lokukhula kwamaphondo ahlukeneyo kunye noomasipala kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo kutyhila ukuba, nangona intsebenzo eyomeleleyo iyonke, iPhondo laseGuangdong lisalele ngasemva kwidabi lokufuna indawo ephezulu kwabahlanu. Ngeli xesha, amaphondo e-Hubei kunye ne-Jiangxi, akumbindi we-China, abonise ukukhula olomeleleyo. Okuphawuleka ngakumbi kukuba kwinqanaba lesixeko, amakomkhulu ephondo afana neZhengzhou, Wuhan, kunye neHefei abonise indlela yokunyuka evakala ngakumbi. Oku kuhambelana nesicwangciso-qhinga sophuhliso sesizwe esitshintshela kumbindi kunye nemimandla yasentshona, apho le mimandla iye isanda ngokuba ngabaqhubi abaphambili bophuhliso loshishino.
ISuzhou kunye neWujiang, izixeko eziphambili kwiPhondo laseJiangsu. Kwilizwe lonke, zizixeko ezikumgangatho we-16 kuphela eziqhayisa ngeenkampani ezingaphezu kwe-100 ezisebenza kwicandelo lobunjineli bokucoca. ISithili saseWujiang eSuzhou sihamba phambili ngeenkampani eziphantse zibe ngama-600, ukodlula zonke ezinye izixeko. Ngaphaya koko, inani leenkampani kwizixeko ezikwinqanaba lesithili kwiphondo ngokubanzi lingaphezulu komndilili wephondo. Okuqaphelekayo, inani leenkampani ezisandula ukusekwa kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo nalo libe phezulu kakhulu kuneminye imimandla, ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha ebenemali eyinkunzi ehlawulweyo (xa kuthelekiswa nezixeko ezininzi ezikwamanye amaphondo, apho uninzi lweenkampani ezisanda kusekwa zingekayigqibi loo ntlawulo).
IPhondo lase-Guangdong, eliyinkokeli kuMzantsi we-China, libona ukukhula okunciphayo. Njengenkokeli eMzantsi China, iPhondo laseGuangdong ligcina indawo yesibini eqinileyo kwicandelo lobunjineli bokucoca. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iye yajongana nemingeni ekongezeni iinkampani ezintsha, ekhokelela ekukhuleni kokuncipha. Nangona kunjalo, iPhondo laseGuangdong libonisa inqanaba eliphezulu lokuxinana kwendawo kwindawo yalo yobunjineli obucocekileyo. I-Guangdong, i-Shenzhen, kunye ne-Zhuhai ayigcini nje ngokugcina uninzi lwezibonelelo zeshishini ezinxulumene nephondo, kodwa zikwabeka phakathi kwezixeko ezihlanu eziphezulu kwilizwe jikelele.
IPhondo laseShandong: Lisasazwe ngokubanzi, likhulu ngokweSikali kodwa liswele amandla. Ngokuchasene kakhulu neJiangsu kunye neGuangdong, icandelo lobunjineli bePhondo laseShandong elicocekileyo libonisa iqondo eliphezulu lokusasazeka. Nakwizixeko ezibalulekileyo kwezopolitiko nakwezoqoqosho njengeJinan kunye neQingdao, inqanaba loxinzelelo alikho phezulu kakhulu kunezixeko ezikhulu kwamanye amaphondo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwenani lilonke, iShandong isaphakathi kwabathathu abaphezulu kwilizwe lonke. Nangona kunjalo, le nto "inkulu kodwa ingenamandla" ibonakaliswe kukungabikho kwamashishini aphambili. Noko ke, okukhuthazayo kukuba, inani lamashishini asandul’ ukusekwa kwiPhondo laseShandong liye ladlula elo lePhondo laseGuangdong kwiminyaka yakutshanje, nto leyo ebonisa ukukhula okunamandla.
Isishwankathelo
Sibona kwangaphambili iindlela ezininzi zophuhliso ezingundoqo kwiinkampani zobunjineli zamagumbi acocekileyo asekhaya. Okokuqala, ukukhula kukonke kuya kucotha, kwaye ukuncitshiswa kobonelelo kunokukhokelela ekwehleni ngakumbi kwenani lamashishini amatsha. Okwesibini, ugxininiso lweshishini kunye "nempembelelo yentloko" iya kubhengezwa ngakumbi, ikhawulezisa ukupheliswa kwamashishini abambekayo ngelixa amashishini aphambili anokhuphiswano oluphambili kulindeleke ukuba abambe isabelo esikhulu semakethi. Okokugqibela, iinkampani kwezinye izixeko ezingaphakathi elizweni kulindeleke ukuba zivele, ngakumbi kumakomkhulu ephondo, apho kulindeleke ukuba kuvele iinkwenkwezi ezikhulayo, ezinamandla ngokwaneleyo okukhuphisana neenkampani eziphambili kwii-"hubs zokucoca" ezifana neJiangsu kunye neGuangzhou, kulindeleke ukuba zivele. Olu tshintsho alubonisi nje uhlengahlengiso olunzulu loshishino kodwa lukwabonisa amathuba amatsha kunye nemingeni kwiingingqi neenkampani ezahlukeneyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-19-2025