Intshayelelo
Njengenkxaso ebalulekileyo kwimveliso ephucukileyo, amagumbi okucoca abone ukukhula okubalulekileyo okubalulekileyo kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo. Ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji okuqhubekayo kunye nemfuno ekhulayo yemarike, ukwakhiwa kobunjineli bamagumbi okucoca kunye neenkonzo ezixhasayo zifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu kubungakanani nakubuchule.
Njengesebe elixabisa kakhulu ukwakhiwa kobunjineli, ubunjineli begumbi lokucoca abuchaphazeli nje kuphela iinkalo eziphambili ezifana nolawulo lomgangatho wemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kodwa buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuphiswano lwenkampani kunye nophuhliso olusempilweni noluzinzileyo lwekhonkco lonke leshishini. Ngenxa yoko, abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo kumanqanaba kazwelonke nawasekuhlaleni, kunye namaziko otyalo-mali ahlukeneyo kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba kushishino, bonke babonise ingqwalasela ebalulekileyo kunye nenkxaso kweli candelo lemarike.
Eli nqaku lijolise ekuboniseni ngokupheleleyo imeko yangoku kunye neendlela zophuhliso lweenkampani zokwakha ubunjineli begumbi lokucoca zasekhaya ngohlalutyo lwezibalo lweenkampani ezinolwazi lobhaliso lwemizi-mveliso kunye norhwebo oluquka amagama athi "ubunjineli begumbi lokucoca" okanye "ubunjineli bokucoca" (apha ngoku zibizwa ngokuba "ngubunjineli bokucoca"), zibonelela ngesishwankathelo esipheleleyo.
Ukusukela ekupheleni kukaNovemba ka-2024, iinkampani ezinjalo ezingama-9,220 zizonke zabandakanywa kuzwelonke, apho ezingama-7,016 zazisebenza ngendlela eqhelekileyo kwaye ezingama-2,417 zazisusiwe kubhaliso. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, ukusukela ngo-2010, inani leenkampani zobunjineli begumbi lokucoca ezisandula ukusungulwa libonise ukunyuka okuqhubekekayo: ekuqaleni, kongezwa malunga neenkampani ezintsha ezingama-200 minyaka le, zinyuka zaya kuthi ga kwi-800-900 kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunye nomlinganiselo wokukhula odlula i-10%.
Ngowama-2024, izinga lokukhula kwemarike kwishishini lobunjineli begumbi lokucoca liye lehla kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo, inani leenkampani ezisandul’ ukusungulwa ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuNovemba lalingama-612, ukwehla ngama-37% ukusuka kuma-973 kwixesha elifanayo lowama-2023. Oku kwehla kubonisa enye yeengxaki ezingaqhelekanga eziphawulekayo kwiminyaka eli-15 edlulileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kuyaphawuleka ukuba nangona kukho imingeni, inani leenkampani ezisandul’ ukusungulwa kunyaka lihlale lingaphezulu kwe-9%, lidlula izinga lokukhula eliphakathi kwishishini lokuvelisa liphela.
Ngokwembono yejografi, uxinaniso lwengingqi lweenkampani zobunjineli begumbi lokucoca luphezulu kakhulu, kunye nokungafani okukhulu phakathi kwemimandla ephambili. Amaphondo amahlanu adibeneyo aseJiangsu, eShandong, eHenan, eAnhui, naseZhejiang enza iziko eliphambili lamandla kushishino, alandelwa ngokusondeleyo liPhondo laseGuangdong. Le ndlela yahlukile kulwabiwo lweprojekthi ezintsha. Umzekelo, amaphondo afana neZhejiang neHebei aneeprojekthi ezininzi zobunjineli begumbi lokucoca, kodwa inani lazo leenkampani zobunjineli begumbi lokucoca alikho phezulu.
Ukuze siqonde ngakumbi amandla ephondo ngalinye kushishino lobunjineli begumbi lokucoca kunye negumbi lokucoca, eli nqaku lisebenzisa imali ehlawulelwayo njenge-metric, lihlela iinkampani ezinemali ehlawulelwayo engaphezulu kwe-RMB yezigidi ezi-5 njengeenkokheli kwicandelo. Ngokwembono yendawo, olu luhlu lugxininisa ngakumbi ukungalingani kwengingqi: amaphondo aseJiangsu naseGuangdong ahlukile ngenxa yamandla awo amakhulu kwezoqoqosho. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ngelixa amaphondo aseShandong, eHenan, naseAnhui enenani elikhulu leenkampani, azisebenzi kakhulu kunezinye iiphondo ngokwenani leenkampani eziphambili, zigcina inani elifanayo leenkampani eziphezulu.
Ukuhlola amazinga okukhula kwamaphondo ahlukeneyo kunye noomasipala kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo kutyhila ukuba, nangona iPhondo laseGuangdong lisebenza kakuhle, lisemva kakhulu kwidabi lokulwela indawo ephezulu ezintlanu. Okwangoku, amaphondo aseHubei naseJiangxi, akumbindi weTshayina, abonise ukukhula okunamandla. Okuphawulekayo kukuba kwinqanaba lesixeko kwinqanaba lesithili, iidolophu ezinkulu zephondo ezifana neZhengzhou, iWuhan, kunye neHefei zibonakalise ukunyuka okubonakalayo. Oku kuhambelana nesicwangciso sophuhliso sesizwe esitshintshela kwimimandla esembindini nasentshona, apho le mimandla iqhubeka nokuba ngabaqhubi abaphambili bophuhliso lweshishini.
ISuzhou kunye neWujiang, izixeko eziphambili kwiPhondo laseJiangsu. Kuzwelonke, zizixeko ezili-16 kuphela ezikwinqanaba lesithili eziqhayisa ngeenkampani ezingaphezu kwe-100 ezisebenza kwicandelo lobunjineli bokucoca. Isithili saseWujiang eSuzhou sikhokela ngeenkampani eziphantse zibe ngama-600, zidlula kakhulu zonke ezinye izixeko. Ngaphezu koko, inani leenkampani kwizixeko ezikwinqanaba lesithili kwiphondo ngokubanzi lidlula umndilili wephondo. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, inani leenkampani ezisandula ukusekwa kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo nalo libe phezulu kakhulu kunakweminye imimandla, apho ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sinemali ehlawulweyo (xa kuthelekiswa nezixeko ezininzi kwamanye amaphondo, apho uninzi lweenkampani ezisandula ukusekwa zingekagqibi loo ntlawulo).
IPhondo laseGuangdong, elikhokela eMzantsi China, libona ukukhula okubuthathaka. Njengenkokeli eMzantsi China, iPhondo laseGuangdong ligcina indawo yesibini eqinileyo kwicandelo lobunjineli bokucoca. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, liye lajongana nemingeni yokongeza iinkampani ezintsha, nto leyo ekhokelela ekucothweni kokukhula. Nangona kunjalo, iPhondo laseGuangdong libonisa izinga eliphezulu lokugxila kwejografi kwicandelo lalo lobunjineli begumbi lokucoca. IGuangdong, iShenzhen, kunye neZhuhai azigcini nje ngokuba zigcina uninzi lwezixhobo zoshishino ezinxulumene nephondo, kodwa zihlala ziphakathi kwezixeko ezintlanu eziphezulu kuzwelonke.
IPhondo laseShandong: Lisasazeke Kakhulu, Likhulu Ngomlinganiselo Kodwa Alinamandla. Ngokungafaniyo neJiangsu neGuangdong, icandelo lobunjineli begumbi lokucoca lePhondo laseShandong libonisa izinga eliphezulu lokusasazeka. Kwanakwizixeko ezibalulekileyo kwezopolitiko nakwezoqoqosho ezifana neJinan neQingdao, inqanaba lokugxila aliphezulu kakhulu kunezixeko ezinkulu kwamanye amaphondo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwenani lilonke, iShandong isaphakathi kwezithathu eziphezulu kuzwelonke. Nangona kunjalo, le nto "inkulu kodwa ayinamandla" ikwabonakala ekuswelekeni kwamashishini akhokelayo. Nangona kunjalo, okuvuyisayo kukuba, inani lamashishini amatsha asele esungulwe kwiPhondo laseShandong lidlule elo lePhondo laseGuangdong kwiminyaka yakutshanje, libonisa amandla okukhula aqinileyo.
Isishwankathelo
Sibona kwangaphambili iindlela eziphambili zophuhliso lweenkampani zobunjineli begumbi lokucoca lasekhaya. Okokuqala, ukukhula ngokubanzi kuya kucotha, kwaye ukuncipha kobonelelo kunokukhokelela ekwehleni okungakumbi kwenani lamashishini amatsha. Okwesibini, ukugxila kumashishini kunye "nempembelelo eyintloko" kuya kucaca ngakumbi, kukhawulezise ukupheliswa kwamashishini asemva ngelixa amashishini aphambili anokhuphiswano oluphambili kulindeleke ukuba abambe isabelo esikhulu semarike. Okokugqibela, iinkampani kwezinye izixeko zangaphakathi kulindeleke ukuba zivele, ngakumbi kwiidolophu ezinkulu zephondo, apho iinkwenkwezi ezikhulayo, ezinamandla ngokwaneleyo okukhuphisana neenkampani eziphambili "kwiindawo zokucoca" ezisekwe njengeJiangsu neGuangzhou, kulindeleke ukuba zivele. Olu tshintsho alubonisi nje kuphela uhlengahlengiso olunzulu kushishino kodwa lukwabonelela ngamathuba amatsha kunye nemingeni kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo kunye neenkampani.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Septemba-19-2025