1. Ukususwa kwamasuntswana othuli kwigumbi elicocekileyo elingenalo uthuli
Umsebenzi ophambili wegumbi elicocekileyo kukulawula ucoceko, ubushushu kunye nokufuma komoya apho iimveliso (ezifana nee-silicon chips, njl.njl.) zichatshazelwa khona, ukuze iimveliso zikwazi ukuveliswa kwaye zenziwe kwindawo elungileyo yokusingqongileyo. Le ndawo siyibiza ngokuba ligumbi elicocekileyo. Ngokwendlela yokusebenza yamazwe ngamazwe, inqanaba lococeko limiselwa kakhulu linani lamasuntswana nge-cubic meter yomoya enobubanzi obukhulu kunomgangatho wokwahlulwahlulwa. Ngamanye amazwi, oko kuthiwa akukho luthuli alunalo uthuli ngokupheleleyo, kodwa lulawulwa kwiyunithi encinci kakhulu. Kakade ke, amasuntswana ahlangabezana nomgangatho wothuli kulo mgangatho sele emancinci kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nothuli oluqhelekileyo esilubonayo, kodwa kwizakhiwo ze-optical, nokuba luthuli oluncinci luya kuba nempembelelo embi kakhulu, ngoko ke ukungabi naluthuli kuyimfuneko engenakuphepheka ekuvelisweni kweemveliso zesakhiwo se-optical.
Ukulawula inani lamasuntswana othuli anesayizi enkulu kune-0.5 microns okanye elingana ne-cubic meter nganye ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-3520/cubic meter kuya kufikelela kwiklasi A yomgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe ongenaluthuli. Umgangatho ongenaluthuli osetyenziswa kwimveliso nakwinkqubo ye-chip-level uneemfuno eziphezulu zothuli kunodidi A, kwaye umgangatho ophezulu onjalo usetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yee-chips ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Inani lamasuntswana othuli lilawulwa ngokungqongqo kwi-35,200 nge-cubic meter nganye, eyaziwa ngokuba yiklasi B kushishino lwegumbi elicocekileyo.
2. Iintlobo ezintathu zeemeko zegumbi elicocekileyo
Igumbi elicocekileyo elingenanto: indawo yegumbi elicocekileyo elakhiweyo kwaye linokusetyenziswa. Linazo zonke iinkonzo kunye nemisebenzi efanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, akukho zixhobo ezisetyenziswa ngabaqhubi kwiziko.
Igumbi lokucoca elingashukumiyo: indawo yegumbi elicocekileyo enemisebenzi epheleleyo, useto olufanelekileyo kunye nofakelo, olungasetyenziswa ngokweesetingi okanye olusetyenziswayo, kodwa akukho baqhubi kwiziko.
Igumbi elicocekileyo eliguquguqukayo: igumbi elicocekileyo elisetyenziswa ngokwesiqhelo, elinemisebenzi epheleleyo yenkonzo, izixhobo kunye nabasebenzi; ukuba kuyimfuneko, umsebenzi oqhelekileyo unokwenziwa.
3. Izinto zolawulo
(1). Ingasusa amasuntswana othuli ahamba emoyeni.
(2). Ingathintela ukuveliswa kwamasuntswana othuli.
(3). Ulawulo lobushushu kunye nokufuma.
(4). Ulawulo loxinzelelo.
(5). Ukususwa kweegesi eziyingozi.
(6). Ukuqina komoya kwizakhiwo kunye namacandelo.
(7). Ukuthintela umbane ongashukumiyo.
(8). Ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic.
(9). Ukuqwalaselwa kwezinto zokhuseleko.
(10). Ukuqwalaselwa kokonga amandla.
4. Uhlulo
Uhlobo lokuhamba kwamanzi oluxokozela
Umoya ungena kwigumbi elicocekileyo usuka kwibhokisi yomoya opholileyo nge-air conditioner kunye ne-air filter (HEPA) kwigumbi elicocekileyo, kwaye ubuyiselwa kwiipaneli zodonga ezihlukanisiweyo okanye kumgangatho ophezulu kumacala omabini egumbi elicocekileyo. Ukuhamba komoya akuhambi ngendlela ethe tye kodwa kubonisa imeko engaqhelekanga yokuxinana okanye yokuntywila. Olu hlobo lufanelekile kwigumbi elicocekileyo leklasi ye-1,000-100,000.
Inkcazo: Igumbi elicocekileyo apho umoya uhamba ngesantya esingalinganiyo kwaye ungalinganiyo, uhamba nomsinga obuyela umva okanye umsinga we-eddy.
Umgaqo: Amagumbi acocekileyo axokozelayo axhomekeke kumoya ongeniswa ngumoya ukuze aqhubeke ewucoca umoya wangaphakathi aze acoca umoya ongcolisiweyo kancinci kancinci ukuze afumane ucoceko (amagumbi acocekileyo axokozelayo ngokubanzi enzelwe amanqanaba ococeko angaphezu kwe-1,000 ukuya kwi-300,000).
Iimpawu: Amagumbi acocekileyo axakekileyo axhomekeke kwiindlela ezininzi zokungenisa umoya ukuze kufumaneke amanqanaba okucoceka nokucoceka. Inani lotshintsho lokungenisa umoya limisela inqanaba lokucoceka kwinkcazo (okukhona umoya utshintsha kakhulu, kokukhona inqanaba lokucoceka liphezulu)
(1) Ixesha lokuzicoca: libhekisa kwixesha apho igumbi elicocekileyo liqala ukubonelela umoya kwigumbi elicocekileyo ngokwenani lomoya elicwangcisiweyo kwaye uxinano lothuli kwigumbi lufikelela kwinqanaba lococeko elicwangcisiweyo iklasi eyi-1,000 kulindeleke ukuba lungadluli kwimizuzu engama-20 (imizuzu eli-15 ingasetyenziselwa ukubala) iklasi eyi-10,000 kulindeleke ukuba lungadluli kwimizuzu engama-30 (imizuzu engama-25 ingasetyenziselwa ukubala) iklasi eyi-100,000 kulindeleke ukuba lungadluli kwimizuzu engama-40 (imizuzu engama-30 ingasetyenziselwa ukubala)
(2) Ubuninzi bomoya (obenzelwe ngokweemfuno zexesha lokuzicoca ezingentla) iklasi 1,000: 43.5-55.3 amaxesha/iyure (umgangatho: amaxesha angama-50/iyure) iklasi 10,000: 23.8-28.6 amaxesha/iyure (umgangatho: amaxesha angama-25/iyure) iklasi 100,000: 14.4-19.2 amaxesha/iyure (umgangatho: amaxesha ali-15/iyure)
Iingenelo: isakhiwo esilula, iindleko eziphantsi zokwakha inkqubo, kulula ukwandisa igumbi elicocekileyo, kwezinye iindawo ezikhethekileyo, ibhentshi ecocekileyo engenathuli ingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula umgangatho wegumbi elicocekileyo.
Iingxaki: amasuntswana othuli abangelwa kukuphazamiseka ahambahamba kwindawo engaphakathi kwaye kunzima ukuwakhupha, nto leyo enokungcolisa ngokulula iimveliso zenkqubo. Ukongeza, ukuba inkqubo iyekile yaze yasebenza, kudla ngokuthatha ixesha elide ukufezekisa ucoceko olufunekayo.
Ukuhamba kweLaminar
Umoya ohamba ngeLaminar uhamba ngomgca othe tye ofanayo. Umoya ungena kwigumbi ngesihluzo esinezinga lokugubungela eliyi-100% kwaye ubuyiselwa ngomgangatho ophakamileyo okanye kwiibhodi zokwahlulahlula kumacala omabini. Olu hlobo lufanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezicocekileyo zegumbi ezinemigangatho ephezulu yegumbi lokucoca, ngokubanzi udidi 1 ukuya kwi-100. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini:
(1) Ukuhamba kwe-laminar ethe tye: Umoya othe tyaba uvuthuzwa uphuma kwisihluzo kwicala elinye uze ubuyiselwe yinkqubo yomoya obuyayo eludongeni oluchaseneyo. Uthuli lukhutshwa ngaphandle lusiya kwicala lomoya. Ngokubanzi, ungcoliseko lubi kakhulu kwicala elisezantsi.
Iingenelo: Isakhiwo sayo silula, sinokuzinza ngexesha elifutshane emva kokusebenza.
Iingxaki: Iindleko zokwakha ziphezulu kunezo zibangela ukuguquguquka komoya, kwaye indawo yangaphakathi ayilula ukuyikhulisa.
(2) Ukuhamba kwe-laminar ethe nkqo: Uphahla lwegumbi lugqunywe ngokupheleleyo zizihluzi ze-ULPA, kwaye umoya uvuthuzwa ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi, nto leyo enokwenza ucoceko oluphezulu. Uthuli oluveliswa ngexesha lenkqubo okanye ngabasebenzi lunokukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle ngaphandle ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ezinye iindawo zomsebenzi.
Iingenelo: Kulula ukuyilawula, imeko ezinzileyo inokufezekiswa ngexesha elifutshane emva kokuba umsebenzi uqalile, kwaye ayichaphazeleki lula yimeko yokusebenza okanye abaqhubi.
Iingxaki: Iindleko eziphezulu zokwakha, kunzima ukuzisebenzisa ngokulula, ii-hangers zesilingi zithatha indawo eninzi, kwaye zinzima ukulungisa nokutshintsha izihluzi.
Uhlobo oludityanisiweyo
Uhlobo oludibeneyo kukudibanisa okanye ukusebenzisa uhlobo lokuhamba oluguquguqukayo kunye nohlobo lokuhamba olune-laminar kunye, olunokubonelela ngomoya ococekileyo kakhulu wendawo.
(1) I-Clean Tunnel: Sebenzisa izihluzi ze-HEPA okanye ze-ULPA ukugubungela i-100% yendawo yokusebenza okanye indawo yokusebenza ukuze unyuse umgangatho wococeko ube ngaphezulu kweKlasi ye-10, nto leyo enokonga iindleko zokufakela nezokusebenza.
Olu hlobo lufuna ukuba indawo yokusebenza yomqhubi ihlukaniswe nokugcinwa kwemveliso kunye nomatshini ukuze kuthintelwe ukuchaphazela umsebenzi kunye nomgangatho ngexesha lokugcinwa komatshini.
Iitonela ezicocekileyo zinezinye iingenelo ezimbini: A. Kulula ukuzikhulisa ngokulula; B. Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo kungenziwa lula kwindawo yokulungisa.
(2) Ityhubhu ecocekileyo: Jikeleza kwaye ucoce umgca wemveliso ozenzekelayo apho ukuhamba kwemveliso kudlula khona, kwaye wonyuse inqanaba lokucoceka liye ngaphaya kweklasi ye-100. Ngenxa yokuba imveliso, umqhubi kunye nendawo evelisa uthuli zahlulwe, inani elincinci lomoya linokwenza ucoceko oluhle, olunokonga amandla kwaye lufanelekile kakhulu kwimigca yemveliso ezenzekelayo engadingi msebenzi wezandla. Isebenza kumashishini amayeza, ukutya kunye ne-semiconductor.
(3) Indawo ecocekileyo: Inqanaba lokucoceka kwendawo yemveliso kwigumbi elicocekileyo elixakekileyo elinenqanaba legumbi elicocekileyo eliyi-10,000 ~ 100,000 liyandiswa liye kwi-10 ~ 1000 okanye ngaphezulu ngeenjongo zemveliso; iibhentshi zokusebenzela ezicocekileyo, iishedi ezicocekileyo, amagumbi acocekileyo asele elungisiwe, kunye neekhabhathi ezicocekileyo zezolu didi.
Ibhentshi ecocekileyo: iklasi 1 ~ 100.
I-booth ecocekileyo: Indawo encinci ejikelezwe ngelaphu leplastiki elingabonakaliyo elingashukumiyo kwindawo yegumbi elicocekileyo eliguquguqukayo, kusetyenziswa iiyunithi ezizimeleyo ze-HEPA okanye ze-ULPA kunye ne-air conditioner ukuze ibe yindawo ecocekileyo ephezulu, enomgangatho we-10 ~ 1000, ukuphakama okumalunga neemitha ezi-2.5, kunye nendawo yokugubungela emalunga ne-10m2 okanye ngaphantsi. Ineentsika ezine kwaye ixhotyiswe ngamavili ashukumayo ukuze asetyenziswe ngokulula.
5. Ukuhamba komoya
Ukubaluleka Kokuhamba Komoya
Ukucoceka kwegumbi elicocekileyo kudla ngokuphazamiseka kukuhamba komoya. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuhamba nokusasazwa kothuli oluveliswa ngabantu, iindawo zoomatshini, izakhiwo zezakhiwo, njl.njl. kulawulwa kukuhamba komoya.
Igumbi elicocekileyo lisebenzisa i-HEPA kunye ne-ULPA ukucoca umoya, kwaye izinga lokuqokelelwa kothuli liphezulu ukuya kwi-99.97 ~ 99.99995%, ngoko ke umoya ohluzwayo sisihluzo kunokuthiwa ucocekile kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukongeza kubantu, kukwakho nemithombo yothuli efana noomatshini kwigumbi elicocekileyo. Nje ukuba olu thuli luvelisiweyo lusasazeke, akunakwenzeka ukugcina indawo icocekile, ngoko ke ukuhamba komoya kufuneka kusetyenziswe ukukhupha uthuli oluvelisiweyo ngaphandle ngokukhawuleza.
Izinto Ezinefuthe
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela ukuhamba komoya kwigumbi elicocekileyo, ezinje ngezixhobo zokucwangcisa, abasebenzi, izixhobo zokuhlanganisa igumbi elicocekileyo, izixhobo zokukhanyisa, njl. Kwangaxeshanye, indawo yokuphambuka komoya ngaphezulu kwezixhobo zokuvelisa nayo kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo.
Indawo yokuphambukisa umoya phezu kwetafile yokusebenza ngokubanzi okanye izixhobo zokuvelisa kufuneka ibekwe kwi-2/3 yomgama phakathi kwendawo ecocekileyo yegumbi kunye nebhodi yokwahlulahlula. Ngale ndlela, xa umqhubi esebenza, ukuhamba komoya kunokuhamba ukusuka ngaphakathi kwendawo yokusebenza ukuya kwindawo yokusebenza kwaye kususe uthuli; ukuba indawo yokuphambukisa icwangciswe phambi kwendawo yokusebenza, iya kuba yindawo yokuphambukisa umoya engafanelekanga. Ngeli xesha, uninzi lomoya luya kuphambukisa ngasemva kwendawo yokusebenza, kwaye uthuli olubangelwe kukusebenza komqhubi luya kuthwalelwa ngasemva kwesixhobo, kwaye ibhentshi yokusebenza iya kungcoliswa, kwaye isivuno siya kuncipha ngokuqinisekileyo.
Izithintelo ezifana neetafile zokusebenza kumagumbi acocekileyo ziya kuba nemisinga ye-eddy kwindawo yokudibana, kwaye ucoceko olukufutshane nazo luya kuba lubi kakhulu. Ukubhoboza umngxuma womoya obuyayo kwitafile yokusebenza kuya kunciphisa imeko yomsinga we-eddy; nokuba ukukhethwa kwezinto zokuhlanganisa kufanelekile na kwaye nokuba uyilo lwezixhobo lugqibelele na zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokuba umoya uguquke ube yimeko yomsinga we-eddy.
6. Ulwakhiwo lwegumbi elicocekileyo
Ulwakhiwo lwegumbi elicocekileyo lwenziwe ngezi nkqubo zilandelayo (akukho nanye kwezi ibalulekileyo kwiimolekyuli zenkqubo), kungenjalo akuyi kwenzeka ukwenza igumbi elicocekileyo elipheleleyo nelisemgangathweni ophezulu:
(1) Inkqubo yesilingi: kuquka intonga yesilingi, umqadi we-I okanye umqadi we-U, igridi yesilingi okanye isakhelo sesilingi.
(2) Inkqubo yomoya opholileyo: kuquka ikhabhini yomoya, inkqubo yokucoca, i-windmill, njl.njl.
(3) Udonga oludibanisayo: kuquka iifestile kunye neengcango.
(4) Umgangatho: kuquka umgangatho ophakamileyo okanye umgangatho onganyangekiyo.
(5) Izixhobo zokukhanyisa: Isibane esisicaba sokucoca i-LED.
Ulwakhiwo oluphambili lwegumbi elicocekileyo ludla ngokwenziwa ngeentsimbi okanye ngesamente yamathambo, kodwa nokuba loluphi uhlobo lolwakhiwo, kufuneka luhlangabezane nale miqathango ilandelayo:
A. Akukho mifantu iya kwenzeka ngenxa yotshintsho lobushushu kunye nokungcangcazela;
B. Akulula ukuvelisa amasuntswana othuli, kwaye kunzima ukuba amasuntswana anamathele;
C. Ukungabi namanzi aneleyo;
D. Ukuze kugcinwe imeko yokufuma kwigumbi elicocekileyo, ubushushu kufuneka bube phezulu;
7. Uhlulo ngokwendlela olusetyenziswa ngayo
Igumbi lokucoca lemizi-mveliso
Ulawulo lweesuntswana ezingaphiliyo yinto leyo. Ilawula ikakhulu ungcoliseko lweesuntswana zothuli lomoya ukuya kwinto esebenzayo, kwaye ingaphakathi ngokubanzi ligcina imeko yoxinzelelo oluhle. Ifanelekile kushishino loomatshini abachanekileyo, kushishino lwe-elektroniki (ii-semiconductors, iisekethe ezidibeneyo, njl.njl.), kushishino lweenqwelo-moya, kushishino lweekhemikhali ezicocekileyo kakhulu, kushishino lwamandla e-athomu, kushishino lwemveliso ye-optical kunye ne-magnetic (i-CD, ifilimu, imveliso yeteyiphu) i-LCD (iglasi yekristale elulwelo), idiski enzima yekhompyutha, imveliso yeentloko zekhompyutha kunye neminye imboni.
Igumbi elicocekileyo lebhayoloji
Ngokuyintloko ilawula ungcoliseko lwee-particles eziphilayo (iibhaktheriya) kunye nee-particles ezingaphiliyo (uthuli) kwizinto ezisebenzayo. Ingahlulwahlulwa ibe;
A. Igumbi elicocekileyo lebhayoloji ngokubanzi: lilawula kakhulu ungcoliseko lwezinto ezinobungozi (iintsholongwane). Kwangaxeshanye, izinto zalo zangaphakathi kufuneka zikwazi ukumelana nokukhukuliseka kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zokubulala iintsholongwane, kwaye ingaphakathi ngokubanzi liqinisekisa uxinzelelo oluhle. Ngokusisiseko, izinto zangaphakathi kufuneka zikwazi ukumelana neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubulala iintsholongwane zegumbi elicocekileyo lemizi-mveliso. Imizekelo: ishishini lamayeza, izibhedlele (amagumbi okusebenzela, iiwadi ezicocekileyo), ukutya, izinto zokuthambisa, imveliso yemveliso yeziselo, iilabhoratri zezilwanyana, iilabhoratri zovavanyo lwemizimba kunye neekhemikhali, izikhululo zegazi, njl.njl.
B. Ukhuseleko lwebhayoloji igumbi lokucoca: ikakhulu lilawula ungcoliseko lwamasuntswana aphilayo ento esebenzayo kwihlabathi langaphandle nakubantu. Uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi kufuneka lugcinwe lungalunganga nomoya. Imizekelo: iibhaktheriya, ibhayoloji, iilabhoratri ezicocekileyo, ubunjineli bezinto eziphilayo (iijini eziphinda zisetyenziswe, ukulungiswa kwegonyo)
Ixesha leposi: Feb-07-2025